scholarly journals Pharmacists’ roles in supporting people living with severe and persistent mental illness: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e038270
Author(s):  
Sarira El-Den ◽  
Sara S McMillan ◽  
Amanda J Wheeler ◽  
Ricki Ng ◽  
Helena Roennfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Using Data

IntroductionSevere and persistent mental illness (SPMI) can significantly impact a person’s social, personal and professional life. Previous studies have demonstrated pharmacists’ roles in mental healthcare; however, limited studies to date have focused on pharmacists’ roles in providing healthcare services, specifically, to people living with SPMI. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the pharmacists’ roles in providing support to people living with SPMI.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be conducted in Medline, Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses to identify potentially relevant primary research for inclusion. This will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist for systematic reviews. All primary research publications regardless of study design exploring or reporting on pharmacists’ involvement in supporting people living with SPMI will be considered for inclusion. A tabular summary will be completed using data extracted from each included publication. Data synthesis and quality assessment methods will be chosen based on included study designs.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and used to inform the development of a pharmacist-specific training package to support people living with SPMI.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020170711.

scholarly journals The prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Jamal Abdul Nasir ◽  
Amara Javed ◽  
Mariyam Saleem ◽  
Sundas Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Background The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors in Afghanistan through a systematic review and meta–analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library, carried out from inception to April 312,020, without language restriction. Meta–analysis was performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models with inverse variance weighting. The existence of publication bias was initially assessed by visual inspection of a funnel plot and then tested by the Egger regression test. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. This systematic review was reported by following the PRISMA guidelines and the methodological quality of each included study was evaluated using the STROBE guidelines. Results Out of 64 potentially relevant studies, only 06 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in the general population based on population-based studies were 12.13% (95% CI: 8.86–16.24%), based on a pooled sample of 7071 individuals. Results of univariate meta-regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of diabetes increased with mean age, hypertension and obesity. There was no significant association between sex (male vs female), smoking, the methodological quality of included articles or education (illiterate vs literate) and the prevalence of diabetes. Conclusions This meta-analysis reports the 12.13% prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan,with the highest prevalence in Kandahar and the lowest in Balkh province. The main risk factors include increasing age, obesity and hypertension. Community-based care and preventive training programmes are recommended. Trial registration This review was registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020172624).

Innovative Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Stigma Toward People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías E. Rodríguez-Rivas ◽  
Adolfo J. Cangas ◽  
Laura A. Cariola ◽  
Jorge J. Varela ◽  
Sara Valdebenito
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
People With Mental Illness

BACKGROUND Stigma towards people with mental illness presents serious consequences for the affected individuals, such as social exclusion and increased difficulties in the recovery process. Recently, several interventions have been developed to mitigate public stigma, based on the use of innovative technologies, such as virtual reality and video games. OBJECTIVE To systematically review, synthesize, measure, and critically discuss experimental studies that measure the effect of technological interventions and on stigmatization levels. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA guidelines, and included studies in English and Spanish published during the years 2016 and 2021. Searches were run in five different databases (i.e., Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct). Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility, extracted data, and rated methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS Based on the 1,158 articles screened, 72 articles were evaluated as full text, of which 9 articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A diversity of interventions was observed, including video games, audiovisual simulation of hallucinations, virtual reality, and electronic contact with mental health services users. The meta-analysis (n= 1,832 participants) demonstrated that these interventions had a consistent medium effect on reducing the level of public stigma (d=–0.64 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Innovative interventions involving the use of technologies are an effective tool in stigma reduction, therefore new challenges are proposed and discussed for the demonstration of their adaptability to different contexts and countries, thus leading to their massification.

scholarly journals The Use ofGarciniaExtract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a Weight loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igho Onakpoya ◽  
Shao Kang Hung ◽  
Rachel Perry ◽  
Barbara Wider ◽  
Edzard Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials ◽  
Hydroxycitric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Using Data

The aim of this systematic review is to examine the efficacy ofGarciniaextract, hydroxycitric acid (HCA) as a weight reduction agent, using data from randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Electronic and nonelectronic searches were conducted to identify relevant articles, with no restrictions in language or time. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Twenty-three eligible trials were identified and twelve were included. Nine trials provided data suitable for statistical pooling. The meta-analysis revealed a small, statistically significant difference in weight loss favouring HCA over placebo (MD: −0.88 kg; 95% CI: −1.75, −0.00). Gastrointestinal adverse events were twice as common in the HCA group compared with placebo in one included study. It is concluded that the RCTs suggest thatGarciniaextracts/HCA can cause short-term weight loss. The magnitude of the effect is small, and the clinical relevance is uncertain. Future trials should be more rigorous and better reported.

scholarly journals Anti-Caries Effect of Arginine-Containing Formulations in vivo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialing Li ◽  
Ziwei Huang ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
Guifeng Li ◽  
Huang Li
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Using Data

Objective: To assess the anti-caries effect of arginine-containing formulations in vivo on caries lesions compared with fluorides or placebo. Methods: Randomized or quasi-randomized human clinical trials wherein arginine was delivered by any method were considered. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched to identify relevant articles published up to December 2014. Grey literature was also searched. Two authors performed data extraction independently and in duplicate using data collection forms. Each included study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Results: Of the 470 studies screened, 31 full articles were scrutinized and assessed for eligibility. Ten studies (n = 15,546 participants) were selected for final inclusion. The meta-analysis results (n = 7 studies) demonstrated a synergistic effect of arginine when used in conjunction with fluoride on early coronal and root caries compared with placebo or fluoride alone. No specific side effects related to arginine usage were identified. Conclusions: When used in combination with a calcium compound and fluoride, arginine potentially provides a superior anti-caries effect compared with matched formulations of fluoride alone. However, the level of evidence was downgraded because of risks of bias and potential publication bias. In the future, more high quality, non-industry-supported clinical studies in this research area are required before any definitive recommendations can be made.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of health technology electronic prescribing: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Saeed Eslami ◽  
Hamidreza Dehghan ◽  
Mahdieh Namayandeh ◽  
Arezo Dehghani ◽  
Saeed Hajian Dashtaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Electronic Prescribing ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Policy Makers

INTRODUCTION: There is increasing evidence that electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) can improve the quality and safety of healthcare services. However, it has also become clear that this implementation is not straightforward and may create unintended or undesired consequences once in use. In this context, the systematic review can provide us with a general overview of the results of the studies and can help us find the truth. This review will aim to identify, appraise and synthesise clinical trial studies on ePrescribing in hospital settings.METHODS AND ANALYSIS:  Data sources will include the following  databases: pubmed, scopus and cochrane library. In addition, other sources will be searched for ongoing studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) and grey literature. Studies will be independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers and data extraction is done by 2 people. Articles are evaluated on the basis of the quality criteria of JADAD. The data is analyzed by the STATA software.DISSEMINATION: The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. Policy makers and healthcare decision-makers can use these results.

scholarly journals Effects of regulating intestinal microbiota on anxiety symptoms: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. e100056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Yang ◽  
Jinbao Wei ◽  
Peijun Ju ◽  
Jinghong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Positive Effects

BackgroundAnxiety symptoms are common in mental diseases and a variety of physical disorders, especially in disorders related to stress. More and more basic studies have indicated that gut microbiota can regulate brain function through the gut-brain axis, and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota was related to anxiety. However, there is no specific evidence to support treatment of anxiety by regulating intestinal microbiota.AimsTo find evidence supporting improvement of anxiety symptoms by regulation of intestinal microbiota.MethodsThis systematic review of randomised controlled trials was searched based on the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, OVID, Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP databases and SinoMed. The retrieval time dated back to 25 July 2018. Then we screened research literatures based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality evaluation for each included study was done using the Cochrane risk of bias and the Jadad scale.ResultsA total of 3334 articles were retrieved and 21 studies were included which contained 1503 subjects. In the 21 studies, 14 chose probiotics as interventions to regulate intestinal microbiota and six chose non-probiotic ways such as adjusting daily diets. Probiotic supplements in seven studies contained only one kind of probiotic, two studies used a product that contained two kinds of probiotics and the supplements used in the other five studies included at least three kinds of probiotics. In the studies that used treatment as usual plus interventions regulating intestinal flora (IRIF) as interventions (five studies), only non-probiotic ways were effective (two studies), which means 40% of studies were effective; in the studies that used IRIF alone (16 studies, 11 studies used probiotic ways and 5 studies used non-probiotic ways), 56% of studies could improve anxiety symptoms, and 80% of studies that conducted the non-probiotic interventions were effective, while 45% of studies that used probiotic supplementations had positive effects on anxiety symptoms. Overall, 11 studies showed a positive effect on anxiety symptoms by regulating intestinal microbiota, which indicated 52% of the 21 studies were effective, and there were five studies that used probiotic supplements as interventions and six used non-probiotic interventions. In addition, it should be noted that six of seven studies showed that regulation of intestinal microbiota could treat anxiety symptoms, the rate of efficacy was 86%.ConclusionsWe find that more than half of the studies included showed it was positive to treat anxiety symptoms by regulation of intestinal microbiota. There are two kinds of interventions (probiotic and non-probiotic interventions) to regulate intestinal microbiota, and it should be highlighted that the non-probiotic interventions were more effective than the probiotic interventions. More studies are needed to clarify this conclusion since we still cannot run meta-analysis so far.

scholarly journals Association of frailty status with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: protocol for a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046980
Author(s):  
Hanjun Pei ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xinghui Zhang ◽  
Wenlong Luo ◽  
Chenghui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
All Cause Mortality

IntroductionFrailty status has been recognised as an important prognostic factor of adverse clinical outcomes in various clinical settings. Recently, the role of frailty status in adverse clinical outcomes for COVID-19-infected patients has received increasing attention with controversial results. Hence, we will conduct a comprehensive dose–response meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association between frailty status and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.MethodsThe researchers will systematically search PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Library, ISI Knowledge via Web of Science and MedRxiv or BioRxiv databases (from inception until December 2020) to identify all retrospective and prospective cohort studies. All-cause mortality during hospitalisation will be set as the primary outcome. Univariable or multivariable meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be conducted for the comparison between frail versus non-frail categories. Sensitivity analyses will be used to assess the robustness of our results by removing each included study one at a time to obtain and evaluate the remaining overall estimates of all-cause mortality. To conduct a dose–response meta-analysis for the potential linear or restricted cubic spline regression relationship between frailty status and all-cause mortality, studies with three or more categories will be included.Ethics and disseminationIn accordance with the Institutional Review Board/Independent Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, ethical approval is not an essential element for the systematic review protocol. This meta-analysis will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020220226.

scholarly journals The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Jamal Abdul Nasir ◽  
Amara Javed ◽  
Mariyam Saleem ◽  
Sundas Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Background The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors in Afghanistan through a systematic review and meta–analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library, carried out from inception to April 31 2020, without language restriction. Meta–analysis was performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models with inverse variance weighting. The existence of publication bias was initially assessed by visual inspection of a funnel plot and then tested by the Egger regression test. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. This systematic review was reported by following the PRISMA guidelines and the methodological quality of each included study was evaluated using the STROBE guidelines. Results Out of 64 potentially relevant studies, only 10 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in the general population based on population-based studies were 12.14% (95% CI: 10.06–14.39%), based on a pooled sample of 11,699 individuals. Results of univariate meta-regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of diabetes increased with mean age, hypertension and obesity. There was no significant association between sex (male vs female), smoking, the methodological quality of included articles or education (illiterate vs literate) and the prevalence of diabetes. Conclusions This meta-analysis reports a relatively high prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan, with the highest prevalence in Kandahar and the lowest in Balkh province. The main risk factors include increasing age, obesity and hypertension. Community-based care and preventive training programmes are recommended. Trial registration: This review was registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020172624).

scholarly journals Prevalence of common mental health disorders in adults who are high or costly users of healthcare services: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e028295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferozkhan Jadhakhan ◽  
Oana C Lindner ◽  
Amy Blakemore ◽  
Elspeth Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Anxiety Depression

IntroductionIn all healthcare settings, a small proportion of patients account for a large level of healthcare use and associated high healthcare costs. Depression and anxiety are common co-morbidities in patients who are high users of care. The aims of this systematic review are to: (1) estimate the prevalence of anxiety/depression in adults who are high users of general physical healthcare services and/or who accrue high healthcare costs (2) estimate the magnitude of healthcare use associated with the presence of anxiety/depression.Methods and analysisThis review will include any studies where patients are high users of primary, secondary or emergency healthcare services and/or accrue high healthcare costs. This is the first systematic review to focus on patients who are over the age of 18, whose degree of anxiety/depression has been evaluated with a standardised questionnaire or by a clinical interview generating a diagnosis according to international diagnostic criteria. The review will include eligible studies indexed in Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Library from inception to 1 April 2019. We will estimate the prevalence of anxiety/depression in these populations and the magnitude of use associated with anxiety/depression across various general physical healthcare settings. We will provide a narrative description of findings and factors that may influence them. A meta-analysis may be pursued if the degree of heterogeneity across studies is acceptable.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will use data from existing studies, hence no ethical approvals are required. Findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication and at relevant academic meetings.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO CRD42018102628.

Experiences of Persons Living with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalena Van Rooyen ◽  
Kegan Topper ◽  
Nontembeko Grycelda Shasha ◽  
Juanita Strümpher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness

The mental healthcare needs of individuals suffering from mental illness, especially those with severe and persistent mental illness, are neglected and often misunderstood in South African rural communities. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe experiences of persons living with severe and persistent mental illness and those of their families in respect of mental health services provided by primary healthcare facilities in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory research design was utilised. Convenience sampling was used to select primary healthcare facilities in the rural Emalahleni sub-district of the Chris Hani Health District in the Eastern Cape. Purposive sampling was used to recruit persons living with severe and persistent mental illness (n = 18) and their family members (n = 11). A total of 29 in-depth, unstructured individual interviews were conducted using an audio recorder. Tesch’s thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the data. Two central themes emerged from the data, namely the challenges in accessing primary healthcare services, and the inadequate provision of mental healthcare. Primary healthcare in rural South Africa needs to be better prioritised by national government to deal with mental healthcare. Improvements in infrastructural and staff capacity are needed to improve access and availability of mental healthcare services in rural communities. Nursing education programmes should better integrate mental healthcare into curricula, especially rural mental healthcare. Cost-effective, evidence-based, culturally-sensitive mental health innovations focusing on the mental health needs throughout the person’s life course should be implemented.

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