scholarly journals Association of low birth weight with cardiometabolic diseases in Swedish twins: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048030
Author(s):  
Xuerui Li ◽  
Rongrong Yang ◽  
Wenzhe Yang ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Ruixue Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases

ObjectivesTo examine the association between low birth weight (LBW) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs, including heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus) in adulthood, and to explore whether genetic, early-life environmental and healthy lifestyle factors play a role in this association.DesignA population-based twin study.SettingTwins from the Swedish Twin Registry who were born in 1958 or earlier participated in the Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) study for a full-scale screening during 1998–2002 and were followed up until 2014.Participants19 779 twin individuals in Sweden with birthweight data available (mean age: 55.45 years).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCMDs were assessed based on self-reported medical records, medication use and records from the National Patient Registry. A lifestyle index encompassing smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise levels and Body Mass Index was derived from the SALT survey and categorised as unfavourable, intermediate or favourable. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation (GEE) models and conditional logistic regression models.ResultsOf all participants, 3998 (20.2%) had LBW and 5335 (27.0%) had incident CMDs (mean age at onset: 63.64±13.26 years). In GEE models, the OR of any CMD was 1.39 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.52) for LBW. In conditional logistic regression models, the LBW–CMD association became non-significant (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.56). The difference in ORs from the two models was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the joint effect analysis, the multiadjusted OR of CMDs was 3.47 (95% CI 2.72 to 4.43) for participants with LBW plus an unfavourable lifestyle and 1.25 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.62) for those with LBW plus a favourable lifestyle.ConclusionLBW is associated with an increased risk of adult CMDs, and genetic and early-life environmental factors may account for this association. However, a favourable lifestyle profile may modify this risk.

Regional Variations in Trends for Multiple Births: A Population-Based Evaluation in France, 1972–2003

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Khoshnood ◽  
Béatrice Blondel
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Infertility Treatments

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess, using population-based data, trends and regional variations in multiple births during the period of increasing use and changes in practice patterns for infertility treatments. National data for 24,554,977 births (live births and stillbirths) were used, including 569,423 twins during the period 1972 to 2003, and 14,599 triplets for 1984 to 2003. Statistical analyses included age-adjusted hierarchical logistic regression models for twin births and separate analyses for triple, same-sex, and different-sex twin births. Due to confidentiality considerations, the only variable available for adjustment was maternal age. Regionallevel variations were estimated using median odds ratios based on random-intercept hierarchical logistic regression models. Overall, twin births increased from 18.1 per 1000 births (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.9–18.2) in 1972 to 1975 to 29.9 per 1000 (95% CI 29.7–30.1) in 2000 to 2003. Twin births increased progressively across all regions, whereas triple births reached a peak in the early 1990s and decreased thereafter. Trends for both twin and triple births varied significantly across regions. Both trends and regional variations were greater for different-sex as compared with same-sex twin births. Regional variations in the proportion of multiple births increased in the case of twin births and decreased for triple births. Differences in multiple births at the regional level in France were comparable to country-level differences observed across several western and northern European countries. Regional differences in multiple births need to be monitored and used to inform policies aimed at regulating the use of infertility treatments.

scholarly journals On marginal and conditional parameters in logistic regression models

Biometrika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-739
Author(s):  
Elena Stanghellini ◽  
Marco Doretti
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Exact Formula ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Conditional Models ◽  
Data Generating Process ◽  
Binary Random Variables ◽  
Intermediate Variables ◽  
Relevant Covariates

Summary We derive the exact formula linking the parameters of marginal and conditional logistic regression models with binary mediators when no conditional independence assumptions can be made. The formula has the appealing property of being the sum of terms that vanish whenever parameters of the conditional models vanish, thereby recovering well-known results as particular cases. It also permits the disentangling of direct and indirect effects as well as quantifying the distortion induced by the omission of relevant covariates, opening the way to sensitivity analysis. As the parameters of the conditional models are multiplied by terms that are always bounded, the derivations may also be used to construct reasonable bounds on the parameters of interest when relevant intermediate variables are unobserved. We assume that, conditionally on a set of covariates, the data-generating process can be represented by a directed acyclic graph. We also show how the results presented here lead to the extension of path analysis to a system of binary random variables.

scholarly journals Prevalence and population structure of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in healthcare workers in a general population. The Tromsø Staph and Skin Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. OLSEN ◽  
M. SANGVIK ◽  
G. S. SIMONSEN ◽  
J. U. E. SOLLID ◽  
A. SUNDSFJORD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

SUMMARYHealthcare workers (HCWs) may be a reservoir for Staphylococcus aureus transmission to patients. We examined whether HCW status is associated with S. aureus nasal carriage and population structure (spa types) in 1302 women (334 HCWs) and 977 men (71 HCWs) aged 30–69 years participating in the population-based Tromsø Study in 2007–2008. Multivariable logistic regression models were used. While no methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was isolated, overall, 26·2% of HCWs and 26·0% of non-HCWs were S. aureus nasal carriers. For women overall and women residing with children, the odds ratios for nasal carriage were 1·54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·09–2·19] and 1·86 (95% CI 1·14–3·04), respectively, in HCWs compared to non-HCWs. Moreover, HCWs vs. non-HCWs had a 2·17 and 3·16 times higher risk of spa types t012 and t015, respectively. This supports the view that HCWs have an increased risk of S. aureus nasal carriage depending on gender, family status and spa type.

scholarly journals 1402Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is associated with general and abdominal obesity in girls during puberty

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract Background Childhood is an important public health issue. Although both thyroid hormone and menarche are known to play a role in body metabolism and energy expenditure, no population-based study has been conducted to investigate the impact of TSH on adipogenesis among population-based girls around puberty. Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select one junior middle school from each of 4 study areas: Minhang District in Shanghai, Haimen City in Jiangsu Province, Yuhuan City and Deqing County in Zhejiang Province. A total of 474 girls aged 11 to 14 years from 4 schools were enrolled. Information on demographic factors and puberty stage were collected, and anthropometric measurements and thyroid hormones were determined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with the risk of obesity measured by body mess index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Results Of the 474 girls, the prevalences of BMI-based general obesity and WC-based abdominal obesity were 19.8% (94/474) and 21.7% (103/474), respectively. Compared with normal weight girls, the mean serum TSH concentration was significantly higher in BMI-based general overweight or obese girls (P = 0.037), but not in WC-based central overweight or obese girls (P = 0.173). In the multiple logistic regression models, for girls with highest tertile of serum TSH concentration relative to those in the lowest tertile, the odds ratios were 2.58 (95% CI 1.32 to 5.04) and 2.50 (95% CI 1.30 to 4.81) for overweight or obesity based on BMI and WC after adjustment for puberty stage and other covariates. Conclusions Serum TSH concentration was positively associated with both general and abdominal obesity in school-age girls and the association was independent of puberty. Key messages thyroid stimulating hormone; general obesity; central obesity; school-aged girls; puberty

scholarly journals Pregnancy-associated cancers and birth outcomes in children: a Danish and Swedish population-based register study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e022946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie C Momen ◽  
Linn Håkonsen Arendt ◽  
Andreas Ernst ◽  
Jørn Olsen ◽  
Jiong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Register Study ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes

ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the association between pregnancy-associated maternal cancers, diagnosed both prenatally and postnatally, and birth outcomes.DesignPopulation-based register study.SettingNational registers of Denmark and Sweden.ParticipantsA total of 5 523 365 children born in Denmark (1977–2008) and Sweden (1973–2006).Primary and secondary outcome measures: gestational age, birth weight, size for gestational age, Apgar score, caesarean section and sex were the outcomes of interest. ORs and relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% CIs were estimated using logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression, respectively.ResultsIn this study, 2% of children were born to mothers with a diagnosis of cancer. Children whose mothers received a prenatal cancer diagnosis had higher risk of being born preterm (RRR: 1.77, 95% CI 1.64 to 1.90); low birth weight (RRR 1.84, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.01); low Apgar score (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.56); and by caesarean section (OR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.80). Associations moved towards the null for analyses using postnatal diagnoses, but preterm birth (RRR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.17) and low birth weight (RRR: 1.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.18) remained statistically significant, while risk of caesarean section became so (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98). Additionally, statistical significance was reached for large for gestational age (RRR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11), high birth weight (RRR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06) and caesarean section (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98).ConclusionsResults suggest an association between pregnancy-associated cancers and adverse birth outcomes in the offspring. While this is strongest for prenatally diagnosed cancers, some smaller associations exist for postnatally diagnosed cancers, indicating that cancer itself could affect fetal development, or that cancer and adverse birth outcomes share risk factors. Future studies on maternal cancer during pregnancy should consider including some postnatal years in their exposure window.

scholarly journals The rise of hunger among low-income households: an analysis of the risks of food insecurity between 2004 and 2016 in a population-based study of UK adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Loopstra ◽  
Aaron Reeves ◽  
Valerie Tarasuk
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Low Income Households

BackgroundRising food bank use in the past decade in the UK raises questions about whether food insecurity has increased. Using the 2016 Food and You survey, we describe the magnitude and severity of the problem, examine characteristics associated with severity of food insecurity, and examine how vulnerability has changed among low-income households by comparing 2016 data to the 2004 Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey.MethodsThe Food and You survey is a representative survey of adults living in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (n=3118). Generalised ordered logistic regression models were used to examine how socioeconomic characteristics related to severity of food insecurity. Coarsened exact matching was used to match respondents to respondents in the 2004 survey. Logistic regression models were used to examine if food insecurity rose between survey years.Results20.7% (95% CI 18.7% to 22.8%) of adults experienced food insecurity in 2016, and 2.72% (95% CI 2.07% to 3.58%) were severely food insecure. Younger age, non-white ethnicity, low education, disability, unemployment, and low income were all associated with food insecurity, but only the latter three characteristics were associated with severe food insecurity. Controlling for socioeconomic variables, the probability of low-income adults being food insecure rose from 27.7% (95% CI 24.8% to 30.6 %) in 2004 to 45.8% (95% CI 41.6% to 49.9%) in 2016. The rise was most pronounced for people with disabilities.ConclusionsFood insecurity affects economically deprived groups in the UK, but unemployment, disability and low income are characteristics specifically associated with severe food insecurity. Vulnerability to food insecurity has worsened among low-income adults since 2004, particularly among those with disabilities.

Care Practices and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Debate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-970
Author(s):  
JACOB KELLER ◽  
MARY ELLEN AVERY
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Dummy Variables ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
The Difference

In Reply.— We appreciate the opportunity to clarify the issues raised by Barry et al. We tested the significance of the differences among centers in the incidence of chronic lung disease, adjusted for sex, race, and birth weight, by computing two multiple logistic regression models. The first model included only sex, race, and birth weight as independent variables. The second model additionally included seven dummy variables representing the eight centers. Twice the difference in the log likelihoods in the two models has a χ2 distribution with 7 df under the null hypothesis of no center differences.

scholarly journals Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and low birth weight in a Sri Lankan birth cohort

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Tipre ◽  
Rajitha Wickremesinghe ◽  
Sumal Nandasena ◽  
Anuradhini Kasturiratne ◽  
Rodney Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Biomass Smoke ◽  
Unit Increase

ABSTRACTBackgroundAbout 74% of the Sri Lankan population use biomass in the form of unprocessed wood as the primary cooking fuel. A growing body of evidence from meta-analyses and individual studies although limited by few prospective studies, report that prenatal exposure to particulate matter of size 2.5 µm (PM2.5) emissions from biomass fuel burning may be associated with low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 grams). We present results examining the association between PM2.5 and LBW in context of a birth cohort study in Sri Lanka.MethodsWe followed 545 pregnant women from their first trimester until delivery and assessed outcomes at birth. Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from biomass smoke was assessed using detailed questionnaire about fuel type, kitchen characteristics and cooking practices; two-hour measurements of kitchen PM2.5 were collected in a subset of households (n=304, 56%). Data from questionnaires and measured PM2.5 were used to estimate two-hour kitchen PM2.5 concentrations in unmeasured households. Data on covariates related to household characteristics, socio-demographic, maternal health and lifestyle factors were collected from baseline interviews. We performed linear and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between HAP exposure, and birth weight and LBW.ResultsOf the total, 78% of the households used wood as primary or secondary fuel (n=425); households using wood had four-fold higher PM2.5 levels compared to those using LPG. In linear regression models, we found an inverse association between a 10-unit increase in PM2.5 and birth weight (β,-0.03; SE, 0.02; p, 0.06) adjusted for covariates. Similarly, categorical HAP exposure (>50% wood use) was significantly associated with birth weight as compared to LPG users (β, −0.13; SE, 0.06; p, 0.0331). In logistic regression models, a 10-unit increase in PM2.5 was associated with increased odds for LBW (OR, 1.26; 95%CI, 1.02-1.55; p, 0.0355), while the prevalence of LBW was highest among >50% wood users (OR, 2.82; 95%CI, 1.18-6.73; p, 0.0124), as compared to those using >50% LPG with wood and only LPG users. The association between HAP exposure and birth weight/LBW were consistent among term births (n=486).ConclusionsThe finding of a significant association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and LBW in a low-middle income country (LMIC) setting where competing risk factors are minimal fills a gap in the body of evidence linking HAP from biomass smoke to LBW. These results underscore the crucial need to implement prevention and reduction of HAP exposure in LMICs where the HAP burden is high.

scholarly journals Ambient Sulphur Dioxide and Female ED Visits for Migraine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczyslaw Szyszkowicz ◽  
Eugeniusz Porada
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Positive Correlations

Ambient sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations may affect the number of female emergency department (ED) visits for migraine. ED visits diagnosed as migraine among females in two cities in Canada, Toronto (N=704) and Ottawa (N=3,358), were analyzed. In the study case-crossover design was used. Conditional logistic regression was realized to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relative to an increase in an interquartile range (IQR, in Toronto IQR=2.9 ppb, in Ottawa IQR=3.9 ppb) of sulphur dioxide. In the constructed conditional logistic regression models, temperature and relative humidity were adjusted in the form of natural splines. In Toronto positive and statistically significant associations of sulphur dioxide with migraine ED visits were obtained: all ages, OR=1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08); age group [15,  50], OR=1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09). In Ottawa positive correlations were observed: all ages, OR=1.05 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.13); age group [15,  50], OR=1.06 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.15). The results suggest that female migraine may be affected by ambient sulphur dioxide.

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