scholarly journals Fitness, strength and severity of COVID-19: a prospective register study of 1 559 187 Swedish conscripts

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e051316
Author(s):  
Agnes af Geijerstam ◽  
Kirsten Mehlig ◽  
Mats Börjesson ◽  
Josefina Robertson ◽  
Jenny Nyberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Military Conscription ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible connection between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength in early adulthood and severity of COVID-19 later in life.DesignProspective registry-based cohort study.Participants1 559 187 Swedish men, undergoing military conscription between 1968 and 2005 at a mean age of 18.3 (SD 0.73) years.Main outcome measuresHospitalisation, intensive care or death due to COVID-19 from March to September 2020, in relation to CRF and muscle strength.ResultsHigh CRF in late adolescence and early adulthood had a protective association with severe COVID-19 later in life with OR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.67 to 0.85) for hospitalisation (n=2 006), 0.61 (0.48 to 0.78) for intensive care (n=445) and 0.56 (0.37 to 0.85) for mortality (n=149), compared with the lowest category of CRF. The association remains unchanged when controlled for body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, chronic diseases and parental education level at baseline, and incident cardiovascular disease before 2020. Moreover, lower muscle strength in late adolescence showed a linear association with a higher risk of all three outcomes when controlled for BMI and height.ConclusionsPhysical fitness at a young age is associated with severity of COVID-19 many years later. This underscores the necessity to increase the general physical fitness of the population to offer protection against future viral pandemics.

scholarly journals Efecto de un programa de acondicionamiento físico supervisado virtualmente sobre la condición física y el estrés percibido en docentes universitarios durante el confinamiento por COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Alejandro Manito Quintero ◽  
Yaira Barranco Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
General Physical

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a virtually supervised fitness program on physical fitness and perceived stress in university teachers during lockdown due to COVID-19. A total of 15 university teachers participated in a virtual fitness program based on new fitness trends (4-weeks / 2-days / week / 45-minutes / session) during COVID-19 lockdown. Perceived physical fitness using the International-Fitness-Scale (IFiS) and perceived stress using the Perceived-Stress-Questionnaire (PSQ-30) were evaluated pre and post intervention. The virtual fitness program significantly improved the perception of general physical fitness (p = 0.011) and muscle strength (p = 0.024), and generated a significant decrease in the perception of stress (p <0.001). A virtually supervised fitness program based on the “whole-body HIIT” fitness trend could be an effective strategy to ensure healthy levels of physical fitness and stress in university teachers during confinement situations. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de un programa de acondicionamiento físico supervisado virtualmente sobre la condición física y el estrés percibido en docentes universitarios durante la situación de confinamiento por COVID-19. Un total de 15 docentes universitarios participaron un programa de acondicionamiento físico virtual basado en nuevas tendencias fitness (4-semanas/2-días/semana/45-minutos/sesión) durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. La condición física percibida mediante la International-Fitness-Scale (IFiS) y el estrés percibido mediante el Perceived-Stress-Questionnaire (PSQ-30) fueron evaluados pre y post intervención. El programa de acondicionamiento físico virtual mejoró significativamente la percepción de la condición física general (p=0,011) y de la fuerza muscular (p=0,024), y generó una disminución significativa de la percepción de estrés (p<0.001). Un programa de acondicionamiento físico supervisado virtualmente basado en la tendencia fitness “HIIT whole-body” podría ser una estrategia eficaz para garantizar niveles saludables de condición física y estrés en docentes universitarios durante situaciones de confinamiento.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive and Dual Use of ENDS and Menthol/Non-Menthol Cigarettes among US Youth (Ages 15–17) Using Two Nationally Representative Surveys (2013–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7781
Author(s):  
Akash Patel ◽  
Jana L. Hirschtick ◽  
Steven Cook ◽  
Bukola Usidame ◽  
Ritesh Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Nationally Representative

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among youth in the United States has increased rapidly in the past decade. Simultaneously, while youth cigarette smoking has declined considerably, youth are still more likely to use menthol cigarettes than any other age group. We used nationally representative data on 15–17-year-olds from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study and the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) (2013–2017) to better understand current cigarette (by menthol flavoring) and ENDS use in the US. We calculated weighted population prevalence estimates across years for multiple patterns of current cigarette and ENDS use (i.e., exclusive menthol cigarette, exclusive non-menthol cigarette, exclusive ENDS, dual ENDS and menthol cigarette, and dual ENDS and non-menthol cigarette) by sex, race/ethnicity, parental education level, household income, and homeownership. Overall, both exclusive menthol and non-menthol cigarette use declined from 2013–2017. Exclusive ENDS use increased, particularly among youth who were non-Hispanic White or had a higher socioeconomic status (measured by parental education, household income, and homeownership). Dual use of ENDS with either menthol or non-menthol cigarettes did not change significantly. Monitoring changes in these sociodemographic patterns will help inform future youth tobacco prevention strategies.

Towards a dialect-neutral assessment instrument for the language skills of Afrikaans-speaking children: the role of socioeconomic status

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRENETTE SOUTHWOOD
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Father Figures ◽  
African Context ◽  
Neutral Language

ABSTRACTThe aims of the study were to establish whether there is a correlation between the socioeconomic background of Afrikaans-speaking children and their performance on a dialect-neutral language test, and to ascertain whether the allowance the test currently makes for parental education level is sufficient. The Afrikaans version of the DiagnosticEvaluation ofLanguageVariation(Seymour, Roeper & de Villiers, 2005a) was administered to 231 Afrikaans-speaking children age 4 ; 0 to 9 ; 11 from various socioeconomic backgrounds. A positive correlation was found between the composite language scores as well as the scores for each of the language domains (syntax, pragmatics, semantics) and the primary female caregivers' highest level of education. Children with father figures present did not outperform those without. It appears that the original manner of accommodating parental education level in interpreting the children's language scores on the test is sufficient and need not be refined for the South African context.

What Physical Fitness Component Is Most Closely Associated With Adolescents' Blood Pressure?

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloyse E. G. Nunes ◽  
Carlos A. S. Alves ◽  
Eliane C. A. Gonçalves ◽  
Diego A. S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Pressure

This study aimed to determine which of four selected physical fitness variables, would be most associated with blood pressure changes (systolic and diastolic) in a large sample of adolescents. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 1,117 adolescents aged 14–19 years from southern Brazil. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by a digital pressure device, and the selected physical fitness variables were body composition (body mass index), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), muscle strength/resistance (manual dynamometer), and aerobic fitness (Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses revealed that aerobic fitness and muscle strength/resistance best explained variations in systolic blood pressure for boys (17.3% and 7.4% of variance) and girls (7.4% of variance). Aerobic fitness, body composition, and muscle strength/resistance are all important indicators of blood pressure control, but aerobic fitness was a stronger predictor of systolic blood pressure in boys and of diastolic blood pressure in both sexes.

scholarly journals Meal frequencies in early adolescence predict meal frequencies in late adolescence and early adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Pagh Pedersen ◽  
Bjørn E Holstein ◽  
Esben Meulengracht Flachs ◽  
Mette Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Late Adolescence

scholarly journals Volitional rehabilitative assessments in patients admitted in a post-intensive care step down unit. A feasibility study

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Paneroni ◽  
Francesco D' Abrosca ◽  
Georges Fokom ◽  
Laura Comini ◽  
Michele Vitacca
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Disability Score ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Teres Major ◽  
Step Down

<p>A high variability in functional tests and activities used during the pulmonary rehabilitation has been observed in post-intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and the best battery of tests to adopt has not been described yet. We tested in patients admitted in a post-ICU Step Down Unit the ability to perform the more frequent functional volitional tests. The relations of each single volitional test with general disability and dyspnea at discharge were also evaluated. Ten volitional tests including: bedside spirometry test (ST: FEV<sub>1</sub>%, FVC%), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), Peak Expiratory Flow during Cough (PCEF), Quadriceps Muscle Strength (QMS), latissimus Dorsi and teres Major Strength (DMS), Brachial biceps Muscle Strength (BMS), effort tolerance measured by sit-to-stand test, Takahashi test and 6-Min Walking Test (6MWT), were evaluated in post-ICU patients at entry and discharge from in-hospital rehabilitation. General disability was assessed by Barthel Index, while dyspnea by Borg scale. At admission, &gt;70% of subjects performed muscle strength test, while &lt;25% performed respiratory and effort tolerance tests. At discharge, feasibility of spirometry, respiratory muscle strength and effort tolerance tests improved (all, p&lt;0.001); 6MWT was the least feasible. At discharge, cardiorespiratory patients were more capable to perform tests compared to neurological ones. All outcome measures, with exception of FEV<sub>1</sub>%, and FVC%, were significantly related to the disability score. Peripheral muscle exercises showed the highest feasibility, spirometry and leg effort tolerance the lowest. Motor disability was explained mainly by the peripheral muscle strength. The study of non-volitional outcome measures and tests linked to a protocol-driven intervention should be performed in this specific population.</p>

scholarly journals Understanding parent concerns about children’s diet, activity and weight status: an important step towards effective obesity prevention interventions

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Slater ◽  
Jane Bowen ◽  
Nadia Corsini ◽  
Claire Gardner ◽  
Rebecca Golley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Parental Concerns ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Parent Concerns

AbstractObjectiveTo identify parents’ concerns and attitudes towards children’s diets, activity habits and weight status.DesignComputer-assisted telephone interviewing administration of a 37-item survey. Data were weighted for parental education level. Descriptive results are presented, and comparisons are made by the age, gender and parental characteristics of the child.SettingOnline research panel of Australian parents.SubjectsA total of 1202 randomly selected parents of children aged 2–16 years, broadly representative of the Australian population.ResultsParents were concerned about their child’s education (reported by 35 % of respondents), child’s health and well-being (25 %), and violence, drugs and alcohol (20 %). Concern about nutrition was indicated by 14 % of respondents and concern about fitness/exercise was indicated by 3 % of the sample. Factors perceived as making a healthy diet difficult to achieve for their child were child resistance (89 %), the availability of healthy food (72 %), a busy lifestyle (67 %) and the influence of food advertising (63 %). Ninety-two per cent of parents thought that it was realistic for their child to be active for at least 1 h/d, with 75 % of parents feeling that it was realistic for their child to have less than 2 h recreational screen time per d. Despite this, common barriers to achieving the activity guidelines were lack of time, weather and keeping children occupied.ConclusionsInsights into parental concerns from the current study may be useful in guiding development of interventions to improve children’s nutrition and physical activity habits by framing messages in a way that are most likely to resonate with parents.

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