Smoking-related behaviour changes among Korean men after the 2015 tobacco price increase: assessing the implications for the tobacco endgame using a reconstructed retrospective cohort study

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of Korea’s 2015 tax policy, discuss its effectiveness and limitations and present future directions for tax policy in the context of the tobacco endgame.DesignA retrospectively reconstructed cohort study.SettingKorea, August 2014–October 2015.ParticipantsThe study examined 41,605 male smokers aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2015 Korea Community Health Survey.Measures and analysisBinary and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the impact of the tax policy on smoking-related behaviour. We adjusted for demographic and health-related variables.ResultsAmong 41,605 men who were smokers in 2014, 15,499 (35.85%, weighted) reported being affected by the price increase. Of all smokers, 1,772 (3.96%, weighted) reported quitting smoking because of the tobacco price increase. Others reduced their smoking amount (n=9,714, 22.48%, weighted) or made other changes such as switching brands (n=4,013, 9.41%, weighted). An additional 2,401 smokers (5.72%, weighted) quit smoking for reasons other than the tobacco price increase. Compared with those in the highest quintile of household income, the odds that those in the lowest quintile quit smoking due to the price increase were almost twice as high (OR=1.98, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.54).ConclusionsKorea’s 2015 tobacco price increase affected a significant number of smokers within a year, especially in the lowest income group, inducing some to quit or reduce their smoking amount. However, more smokers quit for reasons independent of the price change. Tax policy can effectively reduce smoking, but needs to be combined with other policies for optimal results.

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Motivations for Smoking Cessation and the Impact of Regulatory Tax Increases Amongst Fathers within the Pacific Islands Families Study

The Journal of Smoking Cessation ◽

10.1017/jsc.2015.10 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 32-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

El-Shadan Tautolo ◽

Leon Iusitini ◽

Steve Taylor ◽

Janis Paterson

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Excise Tax ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

The Pacific ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

High Smoking Prevalence ◽

The Impact

Aims: To examine the prevalence of smoking, motivations for cessation, and impact of tobacco excise tax increases amongst a cohort of Pacific fathers at 11 years after the birth of their child.Methods: Within the context of broader interviews, 723 Pacific fathers participating in the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study were surveyed about their smoking at the 11-year measurement point. Prevalence of smoking was calculated, alongside motivations to quit, and the impact of increases to the excise tax on tobacco.Results: Smoking prevalence amongst Pacific fathers remains high (38%) at 11 years postpartum, although 81% of smokers disclosed interest in quitting smoking. The strongest motivation to quit smoking was their ‘own health’ (n = 185, 82%), followed by ‘the cost’ (n = 148, 66%), and the impact on ‘their child's health’ (n = 113, 50%). Among smokers, 12% (n = 31) had never attempted to quit, whereas 63% (n = 159) had made multiple attempts. Approximately 70% (n = 191) of smokers indicated the New Zealand Government-initiated tobacco excise tax increases caused them to reduce their tobacco consumption.Conclusions: High smoking prevalence amongst this cohort raises serious concerns about the risks Pacific families and communities face from smoking. Maintaining a sustained series of tobacco excise tax increases, alongside the utilisation of information on key motivators for Pacific fathers to quit smoking, may prove more effective in supporting Pacific communities to achieve the New Zealand Government's Smokefree 2025 goal.

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Empowered to stop smoking: The impact of a SDT smoking cessation intervention on economically disadvantaged whites and blacks

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.1012 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 1012-1012

Author(s):

C. D. Figueroa-Moseley ◽

G. C. Williams ◽

G. R. Morrow ◽

P. Jean-Pierre ◽

J. Carroll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Usual Care ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Smoking Behaviors ◽

The Impact

1012 Background: Few studies have examined the potential influence of an empowering Self Determination Theory (SDT) intervention on reducing smoking behaviors and outcomes for Whites and Blacks. Objectives: To determine if empowerment to stop smoking is associated with smoking outcomes in Whites and Blacks, and to examine if empowerment to stop smoking improved under the SDT Intervention vs. Usual Care conditions. Methods: A longitudinal randomized trial study was conducted to examine the effect of a SDT and health behavior change intervention for tobacco cessation among adult smokers. Participants were randomized into the SDT Intervention or the Usual Care condition. The present study includes data from a sample of 821 Whites and 177 Blacks who completed anonymous surveys at 1, 6, and 18-months intervals on empowerment to stop smoking (Perceived Competence Scale, Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire), demographics, and smoking behaviors. Results: Stepwise logistic regressions showed that empowerment to stop smoking was associated with quitting smoking at 1, 6, and 18 month follow-up for both treatment conditions. At one month, participants in the SDT Intervention with the highest levels of empowerment were 6.3 times more likely to quit smoking as compared with those in the usual care condition who were only 3.15 times as likely to quit smoking. Similar findings were found at 6 months and at 18 months (6- month SDT Intervention Empowerment High: (OR = 8.66, 95% C.I. 4.6, 16.3); 6 month Usual Care Empowerment High: (OR = 3.10, 95% C.I. 1.4, 7.0); 18- month SDT Intervention Empowerment High: (OR = 4.10, 95% C.I. 2.2, 7.5); 18 month Usual Care Empowerment High: (OR = 3.11, 95% C.I. 1.3, 7.7). In the SDT Intervention at 6 months being Black increased successful quitting by 2.4 times. Conclusions: Findings indicate that at each time-point the SDT Intervention empowered more participants to stop smoking than usual care alone. Findings also suggest that Blacks may increase their ability to stop smoking in the SDT Intervention condition. These preliminary findings highlight the need to further investigate the possible roles of empowerment interventions in smoking cessation among Whites and Blacks, especially cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Decreased head circumference at birth associated with maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy on the Japanese prospective birth cohort study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98311-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tadashi Shiohama ◽

Aya Hisada ◽

Midori Yamamoto ◽

Kenichi Sakurai ◽

Rieko Takatani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Exposure During Pregnancy ◽

Smoking Group ◽

The Impact

AbstractMaternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy impairs fetal body size, including head circumference (HC) at birth; however, the mechanism still remains unclear. This analysis using a large prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of maternal tobacco exposure on their offspring’s HC and the relationship with placental weight ratio (PWR) and placental abnormalities. Parents-children pairs (n = 84,856) were included from the 104,065 records of the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study. Maternal perinatal clinical and social information by self-administered questionnaires, offspring’s body size, and placental information were collected. Data were analyzed with binominal logistic regression analysis and path analysis. Logistic regression showed significantly elevated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (1.653, 95% CI 1.387–1.969) for the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on their offspring’s smaller HC at birth. Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the non-smoking group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC. Path analysis showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy decreased the offspring’s HC directly, but not indirectly via PWR or placental abnormalities. The quitting smoking during pregnancy group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC than the non-smoking group, suggesting that quitting smoking may reduce their offspring’s neurological impairment even after pregnancy.

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Prior Daily Menthol Smokers More Likely to Quit 2 Years After a Menthol Ban Than Non-menthol Smokers: A Population Cohort Study

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntab042 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Chaiton ◽

Robert Schwartz ◽

Joanna E Cohen ◽

Eric Soule ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Population Cohort ◽

Quit Attempts ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Population Cohort Study ◽

Flavored Tobacco

Abstract Background and Aims The province of Ontario, Canada, banned the use of menthol-flavored tobacco products as of January 1, 2017. This study aims to assess the longer-term impact of a menthol ban on smoking behavior at 2 years, which is unknown. Methods Population cohort study with baseline survey (n = 1821) conducted September–December 2016 and follow-up survey January–August 2019 among current smokers in Ontario (16+) prior to the menthol ban. Poisson regression was used to assess the probability of quitting smoking by pre-ban menthol status, controlling for differences in smoking and demographic characteristics, with multiple imputations used to address missing data. Findings Menthol smokers were more likely to report having quit smoking (12% [daily menthol] and 10% [occasional menthol] vs. 3% [non-menthol]; p < .001) than non-menthol smokers in the 2 years after a menthol ban. After adjustment for smoking and demographic characteristics, daily menthol smokers had higher likelihood of quitting smoking (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–3.61) and reported more quit attempts (ARR 1.45; 95% CI 1.15–1.82). Among those who attempted to quit, menthol smoking was not associated with relapse (daily ARR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.07; occasional ARR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.08). However, there was a statistically significant interaction among menthol users who reported using other flavored tobacco products 1 year after the ban (ARR = 0.26 [95% CI: 0.08, 0.90]) Conclusions The study found increased probability of quitting among daily menthol smokers and more quit attempts among daily and occasional menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers in Ontario 2 years after the implementation of a menthol ban. Implications This study examines quitting behavior 2 years after a menthol ban in Ontario, Canada. Those who were daily menthol smokers prior to the ban were more likely to quit smoking and make more quit attempts in the 2 years after the ban. While there was no difference in the likelihood of relapse between menthol and non-menthol smokers among those who attempt to quit, there were indications that pre-ban daily menthol smokers who used other tobacco products after the ban were likely to quit.

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Smoking cessation in the elderly and senile age

Russian Medical Inquiry ◽

10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-7-503-507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 503-507

Author(s):

O.N. Titova ◽

◽

O.A. Sukhovskaya ◽

V.D. Kulikov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Elderly People ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Large Scale ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

The Elderly ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

The Impact

Tobacco smoking remains the main modifiable cause of premature mortality worldwide, which is associated with 12% of fatal outcomes among adults aged 30 years and older. The review is devoted to the problem of smoking cessation in elderly and senile patients. Less dependence on nicotine, but at the same time, less willingness to give up smoking are noted as patterns of elderly smokers. Also, there are gender differences in smoking cessation: men are less likely to quit or reduce smoking, to use medications or any services to help stop smoking and to talk to doctors about smoking. Special attention is paid to the problems that elderly people face when trying to quit smoking. In particular, it was noted that the potential opportunities for successful smoking cessation in elderly people are being missed due to the fact that doctors are less likely to offer them interventions or give them specific advice on quitting smoking. At the same time, large-scale prospective cohort studies have shown that the life expectancy of people who gave up tobacco smoking over the age of 65 was longer. The impact of smoking during the COVID-19 course is considered separately, and the expediency of initiating elderly smokers to quit smoking in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is substantiated. KEYWORDS: tobacco smoking, mortality, life expectancy, senile age, treatment. FOR CITATION: Titova O.N., Sukhovskaya O.A., Kulikov V.D. Smoking cessation in the elderly and senile age. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(7):503–507 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-7-503-507.

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Paternal height has an impact on birth weight of their offspring in a Japanese population: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174418001162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 542-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Takagi ◽

N. Iwama ◽

H. Metoki ◽

Y. Uchikura ◽

Y. Matsubara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Male And Female ◽

Japanese General Population ◽

Infant Birth ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between paternal height or body mass index (BMI) and birth weight of their offspring in a Japanese general population. The sample included 33,448 pregnant Japanese women and used fixed data, including maternal, paternal and infant characteristics, from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), an ongoing nationwide birth cohort study. Relationships between paternal height or BMI and infant birth weight [i.e., small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA)] were examined using a multinomial logistic regression model. Since fetal programming may be a sex-specific process, male and female infants were analyzed separately. Multivariate analysis showed that the higher the paternal height, the higher the odds of LGA and the lower the odds of SGA in both male and female infants. The effects of paternal BMI on the odds of both SGA and LGA in male infants were similar to those of paternal height; however, paternal height had a stronger impact than BMI on the odds of male LGA. In addition, paternal BMI showed no association with the odds of SGA and only a weak association with the odds of LGA in female infants. This cohort study showed that paternal height was associated with birth weight of their offspring and had stronger effects than paternal BMI, suggesting that the impact of paternal height on infant birth weight could be explained by genetic factors. The sex-dependent effect of paternal BMI on infant birth weight may be due to epigenetic effects.

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