scholarly journals Oxford Understanding Relationships, Sex, Power, Abuse and Consent Experiences (OUR SPACE) cross-sectional survey: a study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e051826
Author(s):  
Bridget Steele ◽  
Michelle Degli Esposti ◽  
Pete Mandeville ◽  
Gillian Hamnett ◽  
Elizabeth Nye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
The University

IntroductionSexual violence among higher education students is a public health concern, threatening the general safety of students, often with significant physical and mental health implications for victims. Establishing the prevalence estimates of sexual violence at higher education institutions (HEIs) is essential for designing and resourcing responses to sexual violence, including monitoring the effectiveness of prevention initiatives and institutional programmes. Yet, to date, there have been no rigorous studies assessing prevalence of sexual violence at HEIs in the UK.Methods and analysisInformed by guidance from Universities UK, the University of Oxford administration and the related student advocacy groups working within the University, Oxford Understanding Relationships, Sex, Power, Abuse and Consent Experiences is a cross-sectional survey of all undergraduate and graduate students over the age of 18 enrolled at the University of Oxford, UK. The survey design uses a complete sampling approach and measures adapted from previous campus climate surveys in the USA as well as the Sexual Experiences Survey (USA). The analysis will estimate the prevalence of sexual harassment and sexual violence perpetration and victimisation, and will examine whether ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation are associated with these primary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained by the Social Sciences and Humanities Interdivisional Research Ethics Committee at the University of Oxford which is a subcommittee of the Central University Research Ethics Committee (ref no.: R73805/RE001). The research team will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations. A report cowritten by authors and stakeholders will be shared with Oxford University students.

scholarly journals Estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance in Malawi: protocol for a prospective observational study of the morbidity, mortality and economic cost of third-generation cephalosporin resistant bloodstream infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lester ◽  
Hendran Maheswaran ◽  
Christopher P. Jewell ◽  
David G. Lalloo ◽  
Nicholas A. Feasey
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
Medicine Research

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern, but the problems are context specific, with each county or setting facing differing challenges. In Africa, third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E) are of particular concern, given the widespread reliance on ceftriaxone for treatment of severe infection in this setting. In Malawi, despite the rising prevalence of 3GCR-E, the health impact of these infections has not been described. This study is designed to estimate attributable mortality, morbidity and economic cost of 3GC-R bloodstream infection (BSI) in a large, urban hospital. Methods: This study will investigate the burden of antimicrobial resistance by recruiting a a prospective longitudinal cohort of patients who have bloodstream infection with 3GCR-E, at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Patients whose blood culture is positive for either 3GC-S or 3GC-R Enterobacterales will be enrolled and provide clinical and healthcare economic data. Patients will be followed throughout their hospital stay and to 6-months post discharge. Mortality, direct and indirect costs and other health outcomes will be compared between patients with 3GC-R and comparable 3GC-sensitive BSI. Based on our observation that some patients with clinical suspicion of sepsis and 3GC-R BSI are surviving without an effective antibiotic, we review each patient prospectively and classify what role the isolated bacteria is playing in the patient’s clinical presentation. These classifications will then be incorporated into our analysis. Ethics and dissemination: The study protocol has been approved by the Malawi College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee and by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Research Ethics committee. Written informed consent will be obtained from study participants or their parents/guardians. Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals, presented at international conferences and shared with participating communities and collaborators.

scholarly journals A pragmatic health centre-based evaluation comparing the effectiveness of a PCV13 schedule change from 3+0 to 2+1 in a high pneumococcal carriage and disease burden setting in Malawi: a study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050312
Author(s):  
Todd D Swarthout ◽  
Ana Ibarz-Pavon ◽  
Gift Kawalazira ◽  
George Sinjani ◽  
James Chirombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Schedule Change ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

IntroductionStreptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is commonly carried as a commensal bacterium in the nasopharynx but can cause life-threatening disease. Transmission occurs by human respiratory droplets and interruption of this process provides herd immunity. A 2017 WHO Consultation on Optimisation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) Impact highlighted a substantial research gap in investigating why the impact of PCV vaccines in low-income countries has been lower than expected. Malawi introduced the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) into the national Expanded Programme of Immunisations in 2011, using a 3+0 (3 primary +0 booster doses) schedule. With evidence of greater impact of a 2+1 (2 primary +1 booster dose) schedule in other settings, including South Africa, Malawi’s National Immunisations Technical Advisory Group is seeking evidence of adequate superiority of a 2+1 schedule to inform vaccine policy.MethodsA pragmatic health centre-based evaluation comparing impact of a PCV13 schedule change from 3+0 to 2+1 in Blantyre district, Malawi. Twenty government health centres will be randomly selected, with ten implementing a 2+1 and 10 to continue with the 3+0 schedule. Health centres implementing 3+0 will serve as the direct comparator in evaluating 2+1 providing superior direct and indirect protection against pneumococcal carriage. Pneumococcal carriage surveys will evaluate carriage prevalence among children 15–24 months, randomised at household level, and schoolgoers 5–10 years of age, randomly selected from school registers. Carriage surveys will be conducted 18 and 33 months following 2+1 implementation.AnalysisThe primary endpoint is powered to detect an effect size of 50% reduction in vaccine serotype (VT) carriage among vaccinated children 15–24 months old, expecting a 14% and 7% VT carriage prevalence in the 3+0 and 2+1 arms, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Malawi College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (COMREC; Ref: P05.19.2680), the University College London Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 8603.002) and the University of Liverpool Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 5439). The results from this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04078997.

scholarly journals The use of voice in higher education: What the professors have to say?

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Patrick Oliveira de Medeiros ◽  
Cynthia Maria Barboza do Nascimento ◽  
Adriana de Oliveira Camargo Gomes ◽  
Zulina Souza de Lira ◽  
Ana Nery Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the perception of university professors regarding their use of voice at work. Methods: a total of 247 higher education professors participated in this study. They answered a questionnaire on voice complaints, in which three complaints or more were considered indicative of a voice disorder. After the professors with a potential voice disorder were identified, a conversational interview was conducted with five professors to learn more on their perceptions on the use of voice at work. The study was approved by the research ethics committee of the institution of origin. The data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Results: the age group 20 to 30 years old was the one that most presented voice problems. The most recently hired professors (up to five years of work), with a 40-hour weekly workload, were those who most reported voice complaints. The professors had a good perception of their voice and demonstrated good knowledge about it. Conclusion: although voice complaints were prevalent, the professors proved to be aware of how to take care of their voices.

scholarly journals Sexual violence among students attending a higher education institution in the UK (OUR SPACE): a cross-sectional survey

The Lancet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. S83
Author(s):  
Bridget Steele ◽  
Michelle Degli Esposti ◽  
Pete Mandeville ◽  
Gillian Hamnett ◽  
Elizabeth Nye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Higher Education Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice about research ethics and research ethics committee among post graduate residents in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Jyoti B. Gadhade ◽  
Rajesh S. Hiray ◽  
Mukthambika Balaraj
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: A research ethics committee (REC) is a body responsible for ensuring that medical experimentation and human research are carried out in an ethical manner in accordance with national and international law. It is mandatory that all the research projects should be approved by EC before commencement. Recently Medical council of India has introduced mandatory online research methodology module consisting of assignments followed by mandatory exam.Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered, validated questionnaire was administered among PG residents of a tertiary care hospital in Pune having a functional ethics committee was conducted for 3 months. Number of correct and incorrect responses were noted and calculated in percentage.Results: Total of 125 residents were enrolled and 119 subjects responded. The response rate was 95.2%. The respondents included 59.66% clinical and 40.33% nonclinical post graduate residents. 87.39% knew the role of IEC. 95.79% said informed consent should be mandatory document. 98.31% were aware about the institutional ethics committee (IEC) in the institution. 84.87% think EC and research ethics should be taught as a mandatory PG module.Conclusions: Authors conclude that among the clinical and non-clinical postgraduates participating in study, there is acceptance of IECs and training in research ethics, while there are knowledge gaps in research ethics guidelines and composition of IEC. The updated MCI curriculum imbibes research curriculum but should focus on details about ethics in biomedical research. It can be initiated by workshop/awareness programmes compulsory for UG and PG students.

scholarly journals O Perfil dos Acadêmicos de Engenharia de uma IES Pública e suas Potencialidades para a Evasão

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
Cristiano Rocha da Cunha ◽  
Lúcio Ângelo Vidal ◽  
Hyagon Stephano Tiegs ◽  
Miriam Tiegs
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
The Family

ResumoA desistência é uma problemática que afeta, atualmente, muitas Instituições de Ensino Superior. As origens dessas evasões vêm sendo investigadas, por muitos pesquisadores, com o intento de compreendê-las e elaborar, a partir das observações feitas, ações que mitiguem essa realidade. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer o perfil dos alunos de Engenharia da Computação e Engenharia de Automação do IFMT – Campus Cuiabá, também, compreender quais fatores podem estar contribuindo para que estes estejam desejosos ou pré-dispostos a abandonarem o curso. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa com seres humanos, foi necessária a submissão e aprovação de projeto pelo Comitê de Ética de Pesquisa do IFMT e se baseou em um questionário que, depois de aplicado aos alunos, foi posteriormente submetido à análise de suas respostas. Em suma, percebeu-se que as principais causas que, a priori, estejam relacionadas às desistências podem ser: a necessidade de alguns alunos terem que trabalhar para ajudar no sustento da família; as poucas horas de estudo extraclasse destinadas ao curso e, por último, uma falta de afinidade com a Graduação, tendo em vista que esta não era sua primeira opção de escolha profissional. Palavras-chave: Questionário. Evasão. Engenharias. Abstract Dropout is a problem that affects many higher education institutions today. The origins of such evasions have been investigated by many researchers with the intention of understanding them and elaborating, based on the observations made, actions that mitigate this reality. The objective of the study was to know the students’ profile of Computer Engineering and Automation Engineering at IFMT - Campus Cuiabá, also, to understand what factors may be contributing for them to be willing or ready to abandon the course. As it is a research with human beings, it was necessary to submit and approve the project by the IFMT Research Ethics Committee and it was based on a questionnaire which, after being applied to students, was subsequently submitted for analysis of their responses. In short, it was noticed that the main causes that, a priori, are related to dropouts can be: the need for some students to have to work to help support the family; the few hours of extra-class study aimed at the course and, lastly, a lack of affinity with undergraduate degree, considering that this was not his or her first professional choice. Keywords: Questionnaire, Evasion, Engineering.

Terca, pero no pendeja: Terquedad as Theory and Praxis of Transformative Gestures in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Omi S. Salas-SantaCruz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Doctoral Student ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
The University

In this article, the author explores the concept of terquedad or waywardness as a blueprint towards gender/queer justice in education. Using María Lugones’s (2003) theorizing resistance against multiple oppressions, the author presents Gloria Anzaldúa’s' writings in Borderlands/La Frontera (1987) and This Bridge Called My Back (1981/2015) as a project of storying the plurality of terquedad. In doing so, the author calls for a theory and praxis of terquedad as a framework to understand the embodied resistances queer and trans-Latinx/e students deploy as textual inconveniences to push back and resist the “institutional grammars” of U.S. universities (Crawford & Ostrom, 1995; Bonilla-Silva, 2012). Through a plática methodology (Fierros & Delgado Bernal, 2016), the author introduces Quiahuitl, a doctoral student engaging with a praxis of terquedad when confronted with institutional and sexual violence as she moves within and against the geographies and power structures of the university.

scholarly journals Citizens, Research Ethics Committee Members and Researchers’ Attitude Toward Information and Consent for the Secondary Use of Health Data: Implications for Research Within Learning Health Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462199221
Author(s):  
Annabelle Cumyn ◽  
Roxanne Dault ◽  
Adrien Barton ◽  
Anne-Marie Cloutier ◽  
Jean-François Ethier
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Public Perspectives ◽  
Advance Knowledge

A survey was conducted to assess citizens, research ethics committee members, and researchers’ attitude toward information and consent for the secondary use of health data for research within learning health systems (LHSs). Results show that the reuse of health data for research to advance knowledge and improve care is valued by all parties; consent regarding health data reuse for research has fundamental importance particularly to citizens; and all respondents deemed important the existence of a secure website to support the information and consent processes. This survey was part of a larger project that aims at exploring public perspectives on alternate approaches to the current consent models for health data reuse to take into consideration the unique features of LHSs. The revised model will need to ensure that citizens are given the opportunity to be better informed about upcoming research and have their say, when possible, in the use of their data.

scholarly journals Developing a policy to reduce the salt content of food consumed outside the home in Malaysia: protocol of a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e044628
Author(s):  
Mhairi Karen Brown ◽  
Suzana Shahar ◽  
Yee Xing You ◽  
Viola Michael ◽  
Hazreen Abdul Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
School Canteen ◽  
Medical Research Ethics

IntroductionCurrent salt intake in Malaysia is high. The existing national salt reduction policy has faced slow progress and does not yet include measures to address the out of home sector. Dishes consumed in the out of home sector are a known leading contributor to daily salt intake. This study aims to develop a salt reduction strategy, tailored to the out of home sector in Malaysia.Methods and analysisThis study is a qualitative analysis of stakeholder views towards salt reduction. Participants will be recruited from five zones of Malaysia (Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern regions and East Malaysia), including policy-makers, non-governmental organisations, food industries, school canteen operators, street food vendors and consumers, to participate in focus group discussions or in-depth interviews. Interviews will be transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Barriers will be identified and used to develop a tailored salt reduction strategy.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Research Ethics Committee (UKM PPI/1118/JEP-2020–524), the Malaysian National Medical Research Ethics Committee (NMRR-20-1387-55481 (IIR)) and Queen Mary University of London Research Ethics Committee (QMERC2020/37) . Results will be presented orally and in report form and made available to the relevant ministries for example, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Trade to encourage adoption of strategy as policy. The findings of this study will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and webinars.

scholarly journals Early Moves: a protocol for a population-based prospective cohort study to establish general movements as an early biomarker of cognitive impairment in infants

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e041695
Author(s):  
Catherine Elliott ◽  
Caroline Alexander ◽  
Alison Salt ◽  
Alicia J Spittle ◽  
Roslyn N Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
General Movements

IntroductionThe current diagnostic pathways for cognitive impairment rarely identify babies at risk before 2 years of age. Very early detection and timely targeted intervention has potential to improve outcomes for these children and support them to reach their full life potential. Early Moves aims to identify early biomarkers, including general movements (GMs), for babies at risk of cognitive impairment, allowing early intervention within critical developmental windows to enable these children to have the best possible start to life.Method and analysisEarly Moves is a double-masked prospective cohort study that will recruit 3000 term and preterm babies from a secondary care setting. Early Moves will determine the diagnostic value of abnormal GMs (at writhing and fidgety age) for mild, moderate and severe cognitive delay at 2 years measured by the Bayley-4. Parents will use the Baby Moves smartphone application to video their babies’ GMs. Trained GMs assessors will be masked to any risk factors and assessors of the primary outcome will be masked to the GMs result. Automated scoring of GMs will be developed through applying machine-based learning to the data and the predictive value for an abnormal GM will be investigated. Screening algorithms for identification of children at risk of cognitive impairment, using the GM assessment (GMA), and routinely collected social and environmental profile data will be developed to allow more accurate prediction of cognitive outcome at 2 years. A cost evaluation for GMA implementation in preparation for national implementation will be undertaken including exploring the relationship between cognitive status and healthcare utilisation, medical costs, health-related quality of life and caregiver burden.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Joondalup Health Services and the Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (1902) of Curtin University (HRE2019-0739).Trial registration numberACTRN12619001422112.

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