scholarly journals Length of stay in health facilities after childbirth and associated maternal and neonatal factors in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study from a national survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e055327
Author(s):  
Yemisrach Belete Biru ◽  
Getasew Assefa Lemelem ◽  
Nahom Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Average Size

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the length of stay in health facilities after childbirth and associated maternal and neonatal factors in Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingEthiopia.Participants2260 mothers who participated in the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey were included in the study.OutcomeLength of stay in health facilities after childbirth was the outcome variable of the study.ResultIn Ethiopia, the mean duration of postpartum stay for mothers in health facilities was 21.96 (19.97–23.94) hours. Nine hundred and sixty-eight (34.80%) women remained in health institutions for ≥24 hours after delivery. Gestational age, birth weight and mode of delivery were significantly associated with length of stay. Gestational age was found to be inversely associated with length of stay. Mothers who had a vaginal delivery were 8.89% (adjusted HR (AHR) 8.89, 95% CI (4.28 to 18.46), p<0.001) more likely to discharge earlier from health facilities after delivery, compared with those who had a caesarian section. Women with larger size neonates during birth were 19% (AHR=0.81, 95% CI (0.67 to 0.96), p=0.019) more likely to stay longer in health facilities than women with average size neonates. Women with a smaller size neonate during birth were 16% (AHR=0.84, 95% CI (0.70 to 0.99), p=0.040) more likely to stay longer at a health facility, compared with those with an average size neonate.ConclusionA small percentage of Ethiopian mothers stayed in health facilities for 24 hours or more after delivery. Encouraging mothers to stay in health facilities for the recommended period after childbirth can play a significant role in reducing maternal and neonatal deaths.

scholarly journals Postnatal Care within One Week and Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth in Ameya District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2018: Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshome Melesse Belihu ◽  
Ababe Tamirat Deressa
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Labor And Delivery ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths

BACKGROUND: Globally recorded large number of maternal and neonatal deaths are related to complications during pregnancy, childbirth and post-partum. Most neonatal deaths occur during the first week of life. It is also evidenced that the level of postnatal care utilization in Ethiopia is very low. This study aimed to assess postnatal care utilization within one week and associated factors among women who had given birth in the last six weeks in Ameya district, Oromia, Ethiopia.METHODS: Cross sectional study design was employed on 332 study participants who were selected by systemic sampling method and interviewed using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors with the outcome variable. Figures, tables and sentences were used for the presentation of descriptive statistics.RESULT: The finding revealed that the proportion of postnatal care utilization within one-week in the study area is 25.3%. Partner occupation[AOR=5.575, 95% CI= (1.071, 29.023)], mothers who had complication during labor and delivery[AOR=7.841, 95% CI= (2.287, 26.879)], distance from mothers to health facilities[AOR=5.127, 95% CI= (1.149, 22.878)] and awareness on postnatal care within one week services[AOR=4.161, 95% CI= (1.300, 13.314)] were the main contributing factors of postnatal care utilization within one-week.CONCLUSION: Postnatal care utilization within one-week is very low (25.3%). Partner occupation, complication during labor and delivery, distance from health facilities and awareness on postnatal care within one week service were the associated factors.

Influence of Patient-Level Factors on Mode of Delivery among Operative Vaginal Delivery Candidates in Modern Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 0974-0981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Gonzalez ◽  
Amanda Allshouse ◽  
Erick Henry ◽  
Sean Esplin ◽  
Torri Metz
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Operative Vaginal Delivery

Objective We aimed to evaluate which patient-level factors influence mode of delivery among candidates for operative vaginal delivery. Study Design Cross-sectional study of candidates for operative vaginal delivery from 18 hospitals over 8 years. Probabilities of mode of delivery were estimated using hierarchical logistic modeling adjusting for clustering within physician and hospital. Results Total 3,771 (64%) women delivered with forceps, 1,474 (25%) vacuums, and 665 (11%) cesareans. Odds of forceps versus vacuum were higher with induction (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.76–2.65), nulliparity (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.59–2.66), epidural (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.19–3.56), maternal indication (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.02), older maternal age (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.31 per 5 years), and longer second stage (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20 per hour).Odds of cesarean versus operative vaginal delivery were higher with maternal indication (OR = 9.0, 95% CI: 7.23–11.20), a perinatologist (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.09–5.78), longer second stage (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.65–1.93 per hour), older gestational age (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20 per week), and longer labor (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04 per hour). Conclusion Patient-level factors influence the decision to proceed with an operative vaginal delivery and the choice of instrument, thereby emphasizing the importance of maintaining availability of both forceps and vacuums.

Painful procedures performed on premature newborns in an Intensive Care Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Ericka Souza Browne ◽  
Tânia Santana Menezes Barbosa ◽  
Climene Laura de Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Terapia Intensiva ◽  
E 32

ABSTRACTObjective: to evaluate the frequency of painful procedures that premature newborns were submitted to during their stay in a NICU. Method: this is about an analytical and exploratory cross-sectional study. The population was composed of 106 moderately premature newborns, hospitalized during the period from August 3 to August 5 in a private hospital in Salvador (BA), Brazil. The variables were: sex of the newborn, gestational age, hospitalization duration, birth weight and length, Apgar Score in the first and fifth minutes, number of prenatal checkups, and small size for gestational age. The outcome variable was the frequency of painful procedures. The data had been stored e analyzed in Epi Info Windows 3.3.2. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of Santa Izabel Hospital (FR 83357). Results: demonstrated that the risk for exposition the painful procedures increases when associated: the gestacional age of 31 and 32 weeks, whose relative risk (RR) 1,70 (p=0,01); to the time of superior internment the twenty and seven days in the UTIN, RR 2,05 (p=0,00); to the Bulletin of lesser or equal Apgar the seven, and equal minor the eight in first minute 1,70 (p=0,02) and in the fifth minute, 1,87 ( p=0,03), respectively; to the number of inferior prenatal consultations the six, 1,96 (p=0,00). Conclusion: these data point the necessity for alternatives that minimize the painful procedures that the RNPTM are displayed in the UTIN. Descriptors: pain; premature; nursing care.RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar a frequência de procedimentos dolorosos que os recém-nascidos prematuros moderados (RNPTM) foram submetidos durante a internação em uma UTIN. Método: trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo analítico e exploratório. A população foi composta por 106 RNPTM, internados no período de agosto de 2003 a agosto de 2005 em um hospital privado de Salvador, Bahia. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo do recém-nascido, idade gestacional, tempo de internamento, peso ao nascer, Apgar no primeiro e quinto minutos e números de consultas pré-natais. A variável de desfecho foi a frequência de procedimentos dolorosos. Os dados foram armazenados e analisados no Epi Info Windows 3.3.2. O estudo foi aprovado aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Santa Izabel (FR 83357). Resultados: o risco para exposição a procedimentos dolorosos aumenta quando associado: a idade gestacional de 31 e 32 semanas, cujo risco relativo (RR) 1,70 (p=0,01); ao tempo de internamento superior a vinte e sete dias na UTIN, RR 2,05(p=0,00); ao Boletim de Apgar menor ou igual a sete, e menor igual a oito no primeiro minuto 1,70 (p=0,02) e no quinto minuto, 1,87 (p=0,03), respectivamente; ao número de consultas pré-natais inferiores a seis, 1,96 (p=0,00). Conclusão: estes dados apontam a necessidade de alternativas que minimizem os procedimentos dolorosos que os RNPTM são expostos em uma UTIN. Descritores: dor; prematuro; cuidados de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la frecuencia de procedimientos dolorosos a que los recién nacidos prematuros moderados (RNPTM) fueron sometidos durante el internamiento en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Método: se trata de un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo analítico y exploratorio. la población fue compuesta por 106 RNPT moderados, internados en el período de agosto 2003 a agosto 2005 en un hospital privado de Salvador, Bahia. Las variables fueron: sexo del RN, edad gestacional, tiempo de internamiento, estatura, peso al nacer, Apgar en el primer y quinto minutos, números de consultas prenatales y pequeño para edad gestacional (PIG). La variable de desfecho fue la frecuencia de procedimientos dolorosos. Los datos fueron almacenada e analizados en el Epi Info Windows 3.3.2. El estúdio fue aprobado  por el Comité de Ética en la Pesquisa del Hospital Santa Izabel (FR 83357). Resultados: el riesgo para exposición a procedimientos dolorosos aumenta cuando asociado: a la edad gestacional de 31 y 32 semanas, RR 1,70 (p=0,01); al tiempo de internamiento superior a veintisiete dias en la UTIN, RR 2,05 (p=0,00); al Boletin de Apgar menor o igual a siete, y menor igual a ocho en el primer minuto RR 1,70 (p=0,02) y en el quinto minuto, RR 1,87 (p=0,03), respectivamente; al número de consultas prenatales inferiores a seis, RR  de 1,96 (p=0,00). Conclusión: estos datos apuntan la necesidad en buscar alternativas que minimizem los procedimientos dolorosos a que los RNPTM son expuestos en las UTIN. Descriptores: dolor; prematuro; atención de enfermería.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the length of stay at health facilities after childbirth among mothers and newborns in Dhading, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042058
Author(s):  
Subaru Ikeda ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Ram Silwal ◽  
Masamine Jimba
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
External Support ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo measure the length of stay at a health facility after childbirth, identify factors associated with the length of stay and measure the gap between the timings of the last check-up and discharge.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFive public health facilities in Dhading, Nepal.Participants351 randomly selected mothers who gave birth at selected health facilities within 1 year of data collection between 10 and 31 August 2018.Outcome measureLength of stay (hours) at a health facility after childbirth. Adequate length was defined as 24 hours or longer based on the WHO guidelines.ResultsAmong 350 mothers (99.7%) out of 351 recruited, 61.7% were discharged within 24 hours after childbirth. Factors associated with shorter length of stay were as follows: travel time less than 30 min to a health facility (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.69, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.78); delivery attended by auxiliary staff (IRR=0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.98); and delivery in a primary healthcare centre (IRR=0.67, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.79). Factors associated with longer length of stay were as follows: aged 22 years or above at the first pregnancy (IRR=1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40); having maternal complications (IRR=2.41, 95% CI 2.16 to 2.70); accompanied by her own family (IRR=1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34), accompanied by her husband (IRR=1.16, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.29); and delivered at a facility with a physical space where mother and newborn could stay overnight (IRR=1.20, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.34). Among mothers without complications, 32% received the last check-up 3 hours or less before discharge.ConclusionsMultiple factors, such as mothers’ conditions, health facility characteristics and external support, were associated with the length of stay after childbirth. However, even if mothers stayed long, they might have not necessarily received timely and proper assessment before discharge.

scholarly journals Factors associated with normal and cesarean delivery in public and private maternity hospitals: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Erica Dumont-Pena ◽  
Alexandra Dias Moreira ◽  
Bárbara Araujo Camargos ◽  
Marivania Queiroz Meireles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Belo Horizonte

ABSTRACT Objectives: to investigate the factors associated with the mode of delivery in pregnant women in the city of Belo Horizonte. Methods: cross-sectional study developed with data from the study “Being born in Belo Horizonte: survey on childbirth and birth” carried out in seven maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais. The final sample consisted of 1088 pregnant/postpartum women. In this study, to verify the magnitude of the association between the outcome variable and its possible determinants (exposure variables) logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the Odds Ratio. Results: increasing age, the lack of companionship, the hospital’s private financing for performing delivery and being a first-time pregnant woman increased the chance of delivery by cesarean section. Final Considerations: the knowledge of factors associated with the prevalence of cesarean sections can support reflections among health professionals about this surgical procedure in certain situations, especially when there are no precise clinical indications.

scholarly journals Maternal Sleep and Related Pregnancy Outcomes: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study in 11 Provinces of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hajipour ◽  
Maryam Soltani ◽  
Roya Safari-Faramani ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Koorosh Etemad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: Sleep disturbance during pregnancy is one of the most common maternal complaints. Not only does it play a crucial role in a mother’s life, but also it comes with a multitude number of complications. This study aimed at assessing the association between sleep disturbance in pregnancy and maternal and child outcomes. Materials and methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study, conducted on pregnant women across 11 provinces in Iran in 2018. Sleep disturbance as a composite variable was defined using the principal component analysis based on five questions. Abortion, anemia in the first and third trimester, gestational diabetes, gestational age, glucose tolerance test (GTT), fasting blood sugar (FBS), mode of delivery, low birth weight and stillbirth were defined as study outcomes. Results: Totally, 3675 pregnant women enrolled in the study. Most of the participants (84.5%) reported that their sleep duration is less than 8 hours per day. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 20.7% (95% CI: 19.1, 22.3). After adjusting for maternal age, education, job, place of residency and physical violence, sleep disturbance would increase the odds of abortion (p=0.009), anemia in both first (p=0.001) and third (p=0.003) trimester, gestational age (p=0.049), abnormal FBS (p=0.015) and cesarean section (p<0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the effect of sleep quality on maternal outcomes, planning and implementing a suitable intervention in the context of primary health care is necessary. Increasing the awareness of mothers, health workers and medical personnel about the suitable quality and quantity of sleep during pregnancy is of great importance.

scholarly journals Maternal healthcare utilsation and complete childhood vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study of 29 nationally representative surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e045992
Author(s):  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽  
Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the association between maternal healthcare utilisation and complete childhood vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignOur study was a cross-sectional study that used pooled data from 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsA total of 60 964 mothers of children aged 11–23 months were included in the study.Outcome variablesThe main outcome variable was complete childhood vaccination. The explanatory variables were number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, assistance during delivery and postnatal care (PNC).ResultsThe average prevalence of complete childhood vaccination was 85.6%, ranging from 67.0% in Ethiopia to 98.5% in Namibia. Our adjusted model, children whose mothers had a maximum of three ANC visits were 56% less likely to have complete vaccination, compared with those who had at least four ANC visits (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.44, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.46). Children whose mothers were assisted by traditional birth attendant/other (aOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.56) had lower odds of complete vaccination. The odds of complete vaccination were lower among children whose mothers did not attend PNC clinics (aOR=0.26, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.29) as against those whose mothers attended.ConclusionThe study found significant variations in complete childhood vaccination across countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal healthcare utilisation (ANC visits, skilled birth delivery, PNC attendance) had significant association with complete childhood vaccination. These findings suggest that programmes, interventions and strategies aimed at improving vaccination should incorporate interventions that can enhance maternal healthcare utilisation. Such interventions can include education and sensitisation, reducing cost of maternal healthcare and encouraging male involvement in maternal healthcare service utilisation.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Associated Factors Among Enteral Fed Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110196
Author(s):  
Sitotaw Molla Mekonnen ◽  
Daniel Mengistu Bekele ◽  
Fikrtemariam Abebe Fenta ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains to be the most critical and frequent gastrointestinal disorder understood in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The presented study was intended to assess the prevalence of NEC and associated factors among enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates. Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates who were admitted at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa from March 25/2020 to May 10/2020. The data were collected through neonates’ medical record chart review. A total of 350 participants were enrolled in to the study with the response rate of 99.43%. One hundred eighty-four (52.6%) of them were male. The majority 123 (35.1%) of them were (32 + 1 to 34) weeks gestational age. The prevalence of NEC was (25.4%) (n = 89, [95% CI; 21.1, 30.0]). Being ≤28 weeks gestational age (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.97]), being (28 + 1 to 32 weeks) gestational age (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [2.21, 8.31]), birth weight of 1000 to 1499 g (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.22, 4.33]), APGAR score ≤3 (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.32, 4.16]), prolonged labor (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI [1.35, 6.38]), maternal chronic disease particularly hypertension (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.70, 5.90]), chorioamnionitis (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI [3.9, 13]), failure to breath/resuscitated (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.7, 4.4]), CPAP ventilation (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.50, 12.70]), mixed milk (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI [2.16, 9.32]) were factors significantly associated with NEC. Finally, the prevalence of NEC in the study area was high. So that, initiating the programs that could minimize this problem is required to avoid the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with NEC.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Degu Abate Mengiste ◽  
Abebe Tolera Dirbsa ◽  
Behailu Hawulte Ayele ◽  
Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The risk of hepatitis B virus infection among medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions is higher due to frequent exposure to contaminated blood and other body fluids. There is limited evidence on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among medical waste handlers in eastern Ethiopia. The study was aimed at studying the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated risk factors among medical waste collectors at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected medical waste collectors from public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B infection risk factors. A2.5ml venous blood was also collected, centrifuged and the serum was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using the instant hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Descriptive summary measures were done. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the risk of association. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with 95% CI and all value at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant. Results From a total of 260 (97.38%) medical waste collectors participated, HBV was detected in 53 (20.4%) of the participants [95%CI; 15.8, 25.6]. No significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HBV with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. In both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.35; 95%CI = [2.53–15.96], P = 0.001), history of blood transfusion (receiving) (AOR; 3.54; 95%CI; [1.02–12.24], P = 0.046), history of tattooing (AOR = 2.86; 95%CI = [1.12–7.27], p = 0.03), and history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 10.28; 95%CI = [4.16–25.38], P = 0.001) remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion This cross-sectional study identified that HBV infection is high among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia. Immunization and on job health promotion and disease prevention measures should be considered in order to control the risk of HBV infection among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Serum Concentrations of Selected Organochlorines in Pregnant Women and Associations with Pregnancy Outcomes. A Cross-Sectional Study from Two Rural Settings in Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7652
Author(s):  
Margit Steinholt ◽  
Shanshan Xu ◽  
Sam Ol Ha ◽  
Duong Trong Phi ◽  
Maria Lisa Odland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Settings

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 194 pregnant women from two low-income settings in Cambodia. The inclusion period lasted from October 2015 through December 2017. Maternal serum samples were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The aim was to study potential effects on birth outcomes. We found low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP), except for heptachlors, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor epoxide, and p,p’-DDE. There were few differences between the two study locations. However, the women from the poorest areas had significantly higher concentrations of p,p’-DDE (p < 0.001) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (p = 0.002). The maternal factors associated with exposure were parity, age, residential area, and educational level. Despite low maternal levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, we found significant negative associations between the PCB congeners 99 (95% CI: −2.51 to −0.07), 138 (95% CI: −1.28 to −0.32), and 153 (95% CI: −1.06 to −0.05) and gestational age. Further, there were significant negative associations between gestational age, birth length, and maternal levels of o,p’-DDE. Moreover, o,p’-DDD had positive associations with birth weight, and both p,p’-DDD and o,p’-DDE were positively associated with the baby’s ponderal index. The poorest population had higher exposure and less favorable outcomes.

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