Barking up the wrong tree? A survey of dog bite wound management

Background: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of the central nervous system, most commonly caused by the bite of rabid dogs. Globally canine rabies causes 59,000 human deaths, over 3.7 million DALYs and 8.6 billion USD economic losses annually. These losses are due to a lack of knowledge about wound management and post-exposure prophylaxis. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices following dog bite and its management among the urban and rural population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of KIMS, Hubli. 120 households of the urban and rural locality were interviewed with a semi-structured pretested questionnaire.Results: Overall 89.16% of the study population was aware that the disease can be prevented by vaccination. 35% of the rural and 28% of the urban population believed that the disease can spread from person to person. The knowledge about the site and the number of doses of vaccine was poor among both the population. The harmful practices for treatment of bite were still prevalent among both rural (25%) and urban (8.3%) population.Conclusions: The knowledge about the dog bite management and Rabies prevention is insufficient among both populations. There are myths and misconceptions about the disease and wound management. Practices like application of harmful substances like lime, turmeric, mud are the problems hindering rabies prevention and control. Proper steps need to be taken up to control the canine rabies.

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A Cross-sectional Study on Awareness regarding Animal Bite Wound Management and Rabies Immunization among Students of a School of Nursing in a City of India

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10050-10105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 193-197

Author(s):

Hari S Joshi ◽

Arun Singh ◽

Deepak Upadhyay ◽

Sudeepti Panat

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Wound Management ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Bite Wound ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Of Nursing

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Complete Genome Sequence of Neisseria weaveri Strain NCTC13585

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00815-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah Alexander ◽

Mohammed-Abbas Fazal ◽

Edward Burnett ◽

Ana Deheer-Graham ◽

Karen Oliver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Genomic Sequence ◽

Complete Genomic Sequence ◽

Human Pathogen ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Bite Wound ◽

Opportunistic Human Pathogen ◽

Bite Wounds ◽

Complete Genomic

Neisseria weaveri is a commensal organism of the canine oral cavity and an occasional opportunistic human pathogen which is associated with dog bite wounds. Here we report the first complete genomic sequence of the N. weaveri NCTC13585 (CCUG30381) strain, which was originally isolated from a patient with a canine bite wound.

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Dog bite of the orofacial region- Case series and update

Journal of Oral Medicine Oral Surgery Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology ◽

10.18231/j.jooo.2021.058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 199-202

Author(s):

Neeraj ◽

Banshilal Beniwal ◽

Padmanidhi Agarwal ◽

Vikas Berwal ◽

Richa Malik

Keyword(s):

Surgical Outcomes ◽

Case Series ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Wound Management ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Initial Management ◽

Facial Injuries ◽

Orofacial Region ◽

Animal Bites

Animal bites are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe and when involving the orofacial region, they commonly present to dental surgeons. Literature on their initial management provides a plethora of conflicting views and results and it is necessary to be up to date with the latest modalities of management of such facial injuries to give best functional and surgical outcomes to the patients. Antibiotics and anti-tetanus and anti-rabies vaccinations and immunoglobulins should be judiciously administered along with appropriate wound management.

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Diverse spectrum of facial dog bite presentation and their management

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20183452 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 3017

Author(s):

Rakesh Kumar Jain ◽

Gautam Prakash ◽

Manojit Midya ◽

Pankaj Sharma

Keyword(s):

Surgical Intervention ◽

Primary Repair ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Psychological Trauma ◽

Wound Management ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Head Neck

Background: Dog bite patients are frequently encountered in our hospital seeking immediate as well as delayed reconstruction. More than two third of dog bite injuries involve head, neck and scalp region. Facial dog bites present a challenge for the surgeon, as they lead to cosmetic disfigurement and psychological trauma to the patient. Following thorough washout and debridement, we have used various reconstructive techniques for definitive management of wounds like- primary repair, V-Y advancement flap, nasolabial flap, SSG, FTG and Karapandzic flap. Purpose of the present study is to share our experiences in management of dog bite wounds on the face in both adult and paediatric patients with available reconstructive options to maximize the functional and cosmetic outcomes by using basic principles of surgery.Methods: Present study was a single centre retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care centre from February 2013 to January 2018. Total 497 patients of dog bite who presented in the emergency department were enrolled. Out of them 310 patients had involvement of head, neck and scalp requiring surgical intervention in any form.Results: In last five years, we have encountered mid face predilection in face, head and neck cases. Out of 310 cases, lip (25.16%) and cheek (24.51%) were involved in majority of the patients. Flap cover surgery is required in majority of the scalp and nose group of patients, as there is less mobility of tissue present in surrounding region, while cheek and lip were managed with primary closure in most of the patients.Conclusions: Although most of the dog bites are preventable, but cases of dog bite are increasing continuously. Child should never be left alone with dogs and, if they are fear of dogs, it’s better not to obtain dogs. As far now, it’s a major concern for treating physician or surgeon to provide optimal cosmetic as well as functional outcome. Early surgical intervention for wound management gives better results with the use of basic principles of plastic surgery.

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Characterization of a CC1153 PVL-producing community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a dog bite wound

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.8954 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (06) ◽

pp. 513-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edet Ekpenyong Udo ◽

Samar Saed Boswihi ◽

Tsonyu Ivanov Dimitrov ◽

Bobby Noronha ◽

Bindu Mathew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Bite Wound ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Wound Culture ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Disease Hospital

The isolation of a rare community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain from an infected dog bite wound is here reported. A 27–year old man presented with a deep open wound on his right hand caused by his dog’s bite at the outpatient clinic of Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH), Kuwait. A wound swab was obtained for bacteriological culture and susceptibility testing. The wound culture yielded pure heavy growth of an MRSA isolate, designated IDH70, which was susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, fusidic acid and rifampicin. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of rifampicin and cotrimoxazole twice daily for 10 days. Molecular characterization revealed that IDH70 was positive for genes encoding Panton-Valentine leucocidin. IDH70 also carried the SCCmec V genetic element, belonged to coagulase type XIIIa, spa type t903, and was assigned to clonal complex 1153 and sequence type ST1153 (ST1153-V-t903). The report highlights the increasing burden of CA-MRSA in the community and the risk of its acquisition from bites of companion animals.

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Mammalian and Reptile Bites

10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0045 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

David Scordino ◽

Susan Peterson

Keyword(s):

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Wound Management ◽

Bite Wound ◽

Wound Irrigation ◽

Vascular Area ◽

The Face ◽

Bite Wounds

Bites from animals and humans can result in significant infections, morbidity, and mortality if not managed well. Individuals who are unable to provide an adequate history or who are unaware of if they were bitten or scratched require skin evaluation that may show puncture wounds, suggesting a bite, or simple scrapes, suggesting a scratch. A thorough exam of the bite for evidence of contamination or infection as well as the location and type of wound is critical for wound management, follow-up, and disposition. Treatment includes addressing the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation; wound irrigation and management as well as tetanus prophylaxis should be provided because the skin has been broken. In general, bite wounds should not be closed unless the bite wound is in a highly vascular area such as the face.

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Thoracic dog bite wounds in cats: a retrospective study of 22 cases (2005–2015)

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x19831835 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 146-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna K Frykfors von Hekkel ◽

Zoë J Halfacree

Keyword(s):

Flail Chest ◽

Radiographic Finding ◽

Penetrating Injury ◽

Wound Management ◽

Respiratory Pattern ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Exact Test ◽

Penetrating Wound ◽

Bite Wounds

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe a series of cats suffering from thoracic dog bite wounds, in order to detail the clinical, radiographic and surgical findings, and evaluate outcomes and factors associated with mortality. Methods The medical records of cats with thoracic dog bite wounds presenting to a single institution between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Data relating to clinical presentation, wound depth and management, radiographic findings, surgical findings and mortality were collected. Wound depth was defined as no external wound, superficial, deep or penetrating, and wound management was defined as conservative, exploratory or thoracic exploration. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test, the Mann–Whitney U-test and the χ2 test. Results Twenty-two cats were included, of which two were euthanased on presentation. In cats where wound depth could be assessed (21/22), six had no external wounds, four had superficial wounds, three had deep wounds and eight suffered penetrating wounds. Sixteen cats also suffered wounds elsewhere, most commonly to the abdomen. Neither an abdominal wound nor abdominal surgery were associated with mortality. Pneumothorax was the most common radiographic finding (11/18). Individual radiographic lesions were not significantly associated with respiratory pattern, presence of pseudo-flail, need for thoracotomy or lung lobectomy, or survival. The presence of ⩾3 radiographic lesions was associated with the presence of a penetrating wound ( P = 0.025) and with having thoracic exploration ( P = 0.025). Local exploration was performed in 7/20 cats, while 8/20 underwent thoracic exploration. Wound management type was not significantly associated with mortality. Overall mortality rate was 27%. Conclusions and relevance Presence of ⩾3 radiographic lesions should raise suspicion of a penetrating injury and may be suggestive of injury requiring a greater level of intervention. The treating veterinarian should have a high index of suspicion for penetrating injury and be prepared in case thoracic exploratory surgery is necessary, particularly in the presence of pseudo-flail chest, pneumothorax or ⩾3 radiographic lesions.

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