scholarly journals Does recurrent catatonia manifest in a similar fashion in all the episodes of mood disorder? A case series with literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. e100494
Author(s):  
Santanu Nath ◽  
Rosali Bhoi ◽  
Biswaranjan Mishra ◽  
Susanta Padhy
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Holistic Management ◽  
Mood Episode ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Over Time

Catatonia, originally conceptualised by Kahlbaum in 1868, is a neuropsychiatric condition that has been found to occur concomitantly with several organic and psychiatric conditions. Starting from the era of Kraepelin and Bleuler, this condition was faultily linked with schizophrenia alone; however, over time, greater associations have been found between catatonia and mood disorders. Despite the availability of several reports supporting this finding, there is a relative paucity of studies that specifically focus on catatonia to be the first symptom manifestation heralding a subsequent mood episode. In addition, there is scant literature to determine whether there are specific presentations of catatonia that show greater associations with mood disorders and whether these signs and symptoms recur in a stereotypical fashion in the subsequent mood episodes in the lifetime of an individual. We hereby report two cases with a diagnosis of mood disorders (bipolar disorder and recurrent depressive disorder) who had catatonia as the initial symptom not only at presentation but also at subsequent episodes. The report emphasises that recurrent catatonia can be the initial clinical manifestation of an underlying mood episode, which appears otherwise masked behind the catatonic presentation. These catatonic symptoms can be interestingly similar in all the subsequent episodes. A detailed clinical evaluation is thus warranted after catatonia has been duly treated to provide a holistic management.

scholarly journals Specificity and Continuity of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Relation to Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Yamada ◽  
Madoka Matsumoto ◽  
Kazuki Iijima ◽  
Tomiki Sumiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Clinical Phenomenology ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Familial Patterns ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Continuum

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder overlap considerably in terms of symptoms, familial patterns, risk genes, outcome, and treatment response. This article provides an overview of the specificity and continuity of schizophrenia and mood disorders on the basis of biomarkers, such as genes, molecules, cells, circuits, physiology and clinical phenomenology. Overall, the discussions herein provided support for the view that schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder are in the continuum of severity of impairment, with bipolar disorder closer to normality and schizophrenia at the most severe end. This approach is based on the concept that examining biomarkers in several modalities across these diseases from the dimensional perspective would be meaningful. These considerations are expected to help develop new treatments for unmet needs, such as cognitive dysfunction, in psychiatric conditions.

Psychiatry Essentials for the Internist

2014 ◽  
pp. 1054-1064
Author(s):  
Brijmohan K. Phull ◽  
Rattna K. Phull
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
General Physicians ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Common Problems

Mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders are common psychiatric conditions confronting general physicians in the outpatient setting. In the inpatient setting, the most common problems are delirium, dementia, mood and anxiety disorders, adjustment reactions to illness, and substance abuse. Mood disorders include various depressive disorders and bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Early course of bipolar disorder in high-risk offspring: prospective study

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duffy ◽  
Martin Alda ◽  
Tomas Hajek ◽  
Paul Grof
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Early Course ◽  
Mood Episode ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryWe studied the course of major mood disorders in the offspring of parents with well-characterised bipolar disorder prospectively for up to 15 years. All consenting offspring were assessed annually or anytime symptomatic. The participants began to develop major mood episodes in adolescence and not before. The index major mood episode was almost always depressive, as were the first few recurrences. Onsets and recurrences continued throughout the observation period into adulthood. We did not find evidence of pre-pubertal mania. In summary, adolescence marks the beginning of the high-risk period for major mood episodes related to bipolar disorder.

EMDR as therapy for conditions other than PTSD: a systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Scelles ◽  
LUIS CARLO BULNES
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Research Criteria ◽  
Positive Effect

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment for post-traumatic stressdisorder (PTSD). The technique is known to stimulate the capacity to reprocess maladaptive memoriesthat are thought to be central to this pathology. Here we investigate if EMDR therapy can be used in otherconditions than PTSD. We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Wesearched for published empirical findings on EMDR, excluding those centred on trauma and PTSD,published up to 2020. The results were classified by psychiatric categories.   Ninety articles met our research criteria. A positive effect was reported in addictions, somatoformdisorders, sexual dysfunction, eating disorder, disorders of adult personality, mood disorders, reaction tosevere stress, anxiety disorders, performance anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), pain,neurodegenerative disorders, paedopsychiatry and sleep. The evidence was more consistent in pain, OCD,mood disorders, and reaction to severe stress.EMDR’s efficiency across numerous pathological situations, highlighted the central role of affectivememory in several psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, EMDR seems to besuccessful in usually uncooperative (e.g. Dementia) or unproductive cases (e.g. aphasia). Moreover, insome severe medical situations were psychologic distress was an obstacle, EMDR allowed thecontinuation of treatment-as-usual. Our review suggests that it is a safe and economical therapeuticoption, and its effect in non-pathological situations opens new avenues for translational research. Overallmore methodologically rigorous studies are needed.

scholarly journals Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in Mexican patients: A case series and review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2199719
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Palomo-Pérez ◽  
Maria Elisa Vega-Memije ◽  
David Aguilar-Blancas ◽  
Erik González-Martínez ◽  
Lucia Rangel-Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Mexican Patients

China officially recognized atypical pneumonia outbreak in December 2019; on 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic that is produced by a new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, of rapid transmissibility, which can be asymptomatic, with mild to severe respiratory symptoms, and with cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous complications. Considering that the pandemic prolonged more than initially expected was prognostic, it is essential for the medical community to identify the signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Thus, this work’s objectives were to present cases of cutaneous lesions observed in COVID-19 Mexican patients. We register cutaneous lesions in COVID-19 patients referred from internal medicine and otorhinolaryngology services to dermatology. We presented four interesting cases with cutaneous lesions, including exanthema morbilliform, urticaria, chilblains, ecchymosis, and facial edema, and review the available literature. The most frequent cutaneous markers are rash, chilblains, and urticaria. Skin lesions may be the first manifestation of COVID-19, accompany initial respiratory symptoms, or appear during the disease course. Symptoms associated with vascular changes (livedo reticularis and vasculitis) are considered of poor prognosis.

scholarly journals Morquio A syndrome and effect of enzyme replacement therapy in different age groups of Turkish patients: a case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebile Kılavuz ◽  
Sibel Basaran ◽  
Deniz Kor ◽  
Fatma Derya Bulut ◽  
Sevcan Erdem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Morquio A ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Morquio A Syndrome

Abstract Background This case series includes longitudinal clinical data of ten patients with Morquio A syndrome from south and southeastern parts of Turkey, which were retrospectively collected from medical records. All patients received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Clinical data collected included physical appearance, anthropometric data, neurological and psychological examinations, cardiovascular evaluation, pulmonary function tests, eye and ear-nose-throat examinations, endurance in the 6-min walk test and/or 3-min stair climb test, joint range of motion, and skeletal investigations (X-rays, bone mineral density). Results At the time of ERT initiation, two patients were infants (1.8 and 2.1 years), five were children (3.4–7.1 years), and three were adults (16.5–39.5 years). Patients had up to 4 years follow-up. Most patients had classical Morquio A, based on genotypic and phenotypic data. Endurance was considerably reduced in all patients, but remained relatively stable or increased over time in most cases after treatment initiation. Length/height fell below normal growth curves, except in the two infants who started ERT at ≤ 2.1 years of age. All patients had skeletal and/or joint abnormalities when ERT was started. Follow-up data did not suggest improvements in skeletal abnormalities, except in one of the younger infants. Nine patients had corneal clouding, which resolved after treatment initiation in the two infants, but not in the other patients. Hepatomegaly was reported in seven patients and resolved with treatment in five of them. Other frequent findings at treatment initiation were coarse facial features (N = 9), hearing loss (N = 6), and cardiac abnormalities (N = 6). Cardiac disease deteriorated over time in three patients, but did not progress in the others. Conclusions Overall, this case series with Morquio A patients confirms clinical trial data showing long-term stabilization of endurance after treatment initiation across ages and suggest that very early initiation of ERT optimizes growth outcomes.

A case presenting with persecutory delusions as an initial symptom of elderly bipolar disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagisa Katayama ◽  
Keisuke Inamura ◽  
Ryuichi Yamazaki ◽  
Yuki Matsuda ◽  
Akihiko Nunomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Persecutory Delusions

Polarised views about bipolar disorder(s): A critique of the 2020 College guidelines for mood disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110200
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Formal Status

The 2020 College guidelines for mood disorders banish bipolar II disorder – despite its formal status in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases manuals for more than two decades – and argue that there is no need to partition bipolar disorder into separate sub-types. Their single-entity model is seemingly based on opinion rather than any support from referenced scientific studies. The author challenges the Committee’s model of there being only one bipolar disorder and argues that it presents several clinical management risks, particularly of ‘over-treatment’.

Catatonia secondary to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis: a review

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Marques Macedo ◽  
João Gama Marques
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Know How ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Possible Cause

AbstractAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is a relatively recent autoimmune entity, as it was first described in 2007. Given that it is a condition with neuropsychiatric symptoms, its initial symptom is frequently psychiatric in nature. Hence, psychiatrists are often the first physicians to assess these patients and, as so, must recognize this type of encephalitis as a possible cause. Catatonia may be inaugural or develop throughout the course of the disease. Management of patients with anti-NMDAr encephalitis is based on etiologic treatment with immunotherapy and removal of the associated tumor, if any. However, these catatonic patients may have variable responses to etiologic treatment, sometimes with refractory catatonic symptoms, which attests to the necessary urgency to know how to manage these patients. In the clinical setting, physicians appear to be using guidelines originally created to the management of catatonia due to primary psychiatric conditions. In this literature review, catatonia was historically contextualized and anti-NMDAr encephalitis overall described. Finally, catatonia secondary to this type of encephalitis was discussed.

Exercise-Induced Scalenus Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Baltopoulos ◽  
Charalampos Tsintzos ◽  
George Prionas ◽  
Maria Tsironi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background Thoracic outlet syndrome is described as a group of distinct disorders producing signs and symptoms attributed to compression of nerves and blood vessels in the thoracic outlet region. Purpose To describe the exercise-induced scalenus anticus syndrome attributed to the anterior scalenus hypertrophy as a thoracic outlet syndrome underlying mechanism and to give recommendations for a safe and effective surgical treatment. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Twelve young professional athletes admitted for thoracic outlet syndrome (8 cases of neurologic thoracic outlet syndrome, 4 cases of mixed neurologic and vascular thoracic outlet syndrome) who reported numbness, tingling, early fatigue, muscle weakness, and pain were enrolled in the study. Scalenus hypertrophy was suspected to be the causative factor. Scalenectomy was performed in all cases. Results All patients had moderate to severe hypertrophy of the anterior scalenus muscle. Scalenectomy was performed, and there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Full activity was quickly achieved, and no recurrence of symptoms was documented. Conclusion Surgical intervention for scalenus anticus syndrome can allow an athlete to return to full activity and improve quality of life. Surgical intervention seems to be the treatment of choice in terms of restoring quality of life and physical activity.

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