scholarly journals Sexism experienced by consultant cardiologists in the United Kingdom

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2020-317837
Author(s):  
Shareen Kaur Jaijee ◽  
Caroline Kamau-Mitchell ◽  
Ghada W Mikhail ◽  
Cara Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Professional Advancement ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Professional Confidence

ObjectivesThe aims were to compare the frequency with which male and female cardiologists experience sexism and to explore the types of sexism experienced in cardiology.MethodsA validated questionnaire measuring experiences of sexism and sexual harassment was distributed online to 890 UK consultant cardiologists between March and May 2018. χ2 tests and pairwise comparisons with a Bonferroni correction for multiple analyses compared the experiences of male and female cardiologists.Results174 cardiologists completed the survey (24% female; 76% male). The survey showed that 61.9% of female cardiologists have experienced discrimination of any kind, mostly related to gender and parenting, compared with 19.7% of male cardiologists. 35.7% of female cardiologists experienced unwanted sexual comments, attention or advances from a superior or colleague, compared with 6.1% of male cardiologists. Sexual harassment affected the professional confidence of female cardiologists more than it affected the confidence of male cardiologists (42.9% vs 3.0%), including confidence with colleagues (38% vs 10.6%) and patients (23.9% vs 4.6%). 33.3% of female cardiologists felt that sexism hampered opportunities for professional advancement, compared with 2.3% of male cardiologists.ConclusionFemale cardiologists in the UK experience more sexism and sexual harassment than male cardiologists. Sexism impacts the career progression and professional confidence of female cardiologists more, including their confidence when working with patients and colleagues. Future research is urgently needed to test interventions against sexism in cardiology and to protect the welfare of female cardiologists at work.

scholarly journals Reliability, Validity, and Gender Invariance of the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale: An Emerging Evidence for a More Concise Research Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3516
Author(s):  
Stefan Koehn ◽  
Farzad Amirabdollahian
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Northwest Region

The Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) research instrument has been extensively used to investigate the perceived benefits and barriers of exercise in a range of settings. In order to examine theoretical contentions and translate the findings, it is imperative to implement measurement tools that operationalize the constructs in an accurate and reliable way. The original validation of the EBBS proposed a nine-factor structure for the research tool, examined the EBBS factor structure, and suggested that various factors are important for the testing of the perception of exercise benefits and barriers, whereas a few items and factors may not be vital. The current study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using hierarchical testing in 565 participants from the northwest region of the United Kingdom, the results of which provided evidence for a four-factor structure of the benefits measure, with the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.943, Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.933, and root means square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.051, namely life enhancement, physical performance, psychological outlook, and social interaction, as well as a two-factor structure of the barrier measures, with the CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.931, and RMSEA = 0.063, including exercise milieu and time expenditure. Our findings showed that for a six-factor correlated model, the CFI = 0.930, TLI = 0.919, and RMSEA = 0.046. The multi-group CFA provided support for gender invariance. The results indicated that after three decades of the original validation of the EBBS, many of the core factors and items are still relevant for the assessment of higher-order factors; however, the 26-item concise tool proposed in the current study displays a better parsimony in comparison with the original 43-item questionnaire. Overall, the current study provides support for a reliable, cross-culturally valid EBBS within the UK adult population, however, it proposes a shorter and more concise version compared with the original tool, and gives direction for future research to focus on the content validity for assessing the perception of the barriers to physical activity.

scholarly journals Adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of UK and European hand surgery units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail V Shaw ◽  
David GW Holmes ◽  
Victoria Jansen ◽  
Christy L Fowler ◽  
Justin CR Wormald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hand Surgeon ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
Made In

Abstract Hand surgery services had to rapidly adapt to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of the Reconstructive Surgery Trials Network #RSTNCOVID hand surgery survey was to document the changes made in the United Kingdom and Europe and consider which might persist.A survey developed by the Reconstructive Surgery Trials Network, in association with the British Association of Hand Therapists, was distributed to hand surgery units across the UK and Europe after the first wave of COVID-19. It was completed by one consultant hand surgeon at each of the 44 units that responded.Adult and paediatric trauma was maintained but elective services stopped. Consultations were increasingly virtual and surgery was more likely to be under local anaesthetic and in a lower resource setting.Many of the changes are viewed as being beneficial. However, it is important to establish that they are clinically and cost effective. These survey results will help prioritise and support future research initiatives.

scholarly journals Busy female directors: an exploratory analysis of the impact of quotas and interest groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-385
Author(s):  
Yasaman Sarabi ◽  
Matthew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to provide an exploratory analysis of male and female directors, comparing the case of UK FTSE 350 boards of directors for 2010–2018, with Norwegian boards from 2002 to 2018, to examine patterns of busy female directors. This paper considers the differences between the effects of interest groups’ actions and those of quotas on the emergence of busy female directors. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a longitudinal approach, providing an examination of both non-busy directors and busy directors sitting on the boards of UK and Norwegian firms, with a focus on female directors. Drawing on methods from social network analysis, several trends and patterns are mapped for the two corporate systems. The paper tests whether the proportion of busy male directors is significantly different from the proportion of busy female directors in the two institutional settings. Findings The results show there has been an increase in the proportion of busy female directors, whereas the level of busy male directors is slightly decreasing in the UK from 2010 to 2018. In Norway, following the introduction of gender quotas on corporate boards, there has been an increase in overboarded directors, especially female directors, along with the rise of so-called “golden skirt” directors. However, when compared to the UK case, the proportion of busy male and female directors is higher, suggesting that the emergence of the golden skirts in Norway is not a result of quotas alone. Originality/value The topic of busy directors has received increased attention in recent years, yet the gender of these directors is often neglected. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics of busy female directors for large UK and Norwegian firms, presenting avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Understanding Grief During the First-Wave of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom—A Hypothetical Approach to Challenges and Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Fang ◽  
Alastair Comery
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Loss And Grief ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Media Data

Purpose: This article develops immediate understandings of loss and grief at both an individual and collective level following the first-wave of COVID-19 in the UK. This allows for insights into the likely challenges and support for loss and grief in facing unprecedented disruption and uncertainty. Ultimately, it explores avenues for the priorities to inform better bereavement support.Methods: By examining trusted media data and carefully selected academic literature, we analyse both individual and societal responses to loss and grief in the novel context of the first-wave of COVID-19 in the UK. The discussion relocates the ideas of good and bad deaths in the context of increased social constrains and inequalities. Further, two pairs of contrasting hypotheses are proposed to examine how the UK's first-wave outbreak has shaped policy and practical structures and how these have further impacted experiences of loss and grief both at an individual and collective level.Findings: The discussion captures a mixed picture of loss and grief in the UK, which highlights the importance of timely, holistic, and continuous support both in social policy and care provision. It is found that individuals and collectives express diverse needs in response to deaths and losses as a process of meaning-making. Further, the significance of socio-cultural environments also become evident. These findings highlight community support during the outbreak and further promote a grief literate culture as imperative to support individual and collective needs when confronted with loss and grief.Conclusion: This article provides a timely and comprehensive account of possible challenges and support both for individual and collective experiences of loss and grief at a time of unprecedented social restrictions and mass deaths in the UK. These understandings provide a base from which we advocate the priorities for future research into the ongoing impacts of COVID-19 on grief and bereavement.

A crossroad in ADHD – adult-onset ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S334-S334
Author(s):  
A. Ponte ◽  
H. Prata Ribeiro ◽  
L. Carvalhão Gil ◽  
D. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Exciting Time ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder characterized by inattention or hyperactivity–impulsivity, or both. For a long time, ADHD was thought of as a disorder of children which would sometimes persist into adulthood. DSM 5 uses as a criterion that several symptoms have to be present prior to age 12 years.ObjectivesTo discuss the findings of 3 recent cohorts that show the onset of ADHD in adulthood.MethodsA review of selected articles of interest using PubMed database.Results3 large, longitudinal, population studies from Brazil, New Zealand (NZ) and the United Kingdom (UK) show that we are at a crossroads in our understanding of ADHD. In each study, the prevalence of adult-onset ADHD (Brazil, 10.3%; UK, 5.5%; and NZ, 2.7%) was much larger than the prevalence of childhood-onset adult ADHD (UK, 2.6%; Brazil, 1.5%; and NZ, 0.3%). They all propose different conclusions that would result in a paradigmatic shift in ADHD: in Brazil, that child and adult ADHD are “distinct syndromes”; in the UK, “that adult ADHD is more complex than a straightforward continuation of the childhood disorder” and in NZ, that adult ADHD is “not a neurodevelopmental disorder”. Faraone et al., in an editorial in JAMA Psychiatry, propose that these findings might correlate to subthreshold child ADHD before it emerges as adolescent- or adult-onset ADHD.ConclusionsIt's an exciting time in ADHD research. These new data work as an incentive to study adult-onset ADHD and how it emerges. Future research will shape our understanding of adult ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sexual Assault of Men: American Research Supports Studies from the UK

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Isely
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
American Research ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
The Uk

Incident reports and prevalence research on sexual assault, conducted in the United States, indicate that men may be at greater risk from sexual victimization than previously realized. These studies support the efforts of mental health professionals in the United Kingdom who have argued that sexual assault of men is an underreported crime which can result in significant biopsychosocial dysfunction. Given the increasing evidence that men are victims of sex crimes, future research studies on the prevalence of sexual assault should include adult males in their samples.

The Role of Partners and Workplaces in British and Swedish Men’s Parental Leave Decisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Kaufman ◽  
Anna-Lena Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Paternity Leave ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
The Uk

Sweden has been long known for its early introduction of parental leave in the 1970s and the introduction of the first nontransferable “daddy month” in 1995 while the United Kingdom (UK) lagged behind with policies that reflected a strong male breadwinner model until the recent introduction of Additional Paternity Leave, which extended paternity leave up to twenty-six weeks. Our study examines parental leave decisions following the changes in policy, paying particular attention to the role of partners and workplaces. We draw on data from thirty-two interviews with Swedish parents conducted in 2008 and twenty-two interviews with British parents conducted in 2012. We find that mothers in both countries have great influence over parental leave decisions. However, this often perpetuates a much greater gendered division of parental leave in the UK than in Sweden. Furthermore, the British workplace continues to hold very different expectations for male and female employees regarding parental leave, while Swedish employers are generally accepting of men’s use of long parental leave.

scholarly journals Understanding the longitudinal psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom; a methodological overview of The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie Armour ◽  
Emily McGlinchey ◽  
Sarah Butter ◽  
Kareena McAloney-Kocaman ◽  
Kerri E. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study was designed and implemented as a rapid survey of the psychosocial impacts of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19 in residents across the United Kingdom. This study utilised a longitudinal design to collect online survey based data. The aim of this paper was to, describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort and (6) outline future research directions. We believe the study is in a unique position to make a significant contribution to the growing body of literature to help understand the psychological impact of this pandemic and inform future clinical and research directions that the UK will implement in response to COVID19.

scholarly journals Why Choose the Railway?

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keely S. E. Duddin ◽  
Benjamin Raynes
Keyword(s):  
Good Death ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Suicide Note ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Railway Suicide ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: The impact of railway suicide in the United Kingdom is extensive, yet reasons for why people choose this method are not clearly understood and research into the examination of suicide notes in this area is limited. Aims: Our study aimed to utilize the unique access to suicide notes written by those who died by suicide on the railway so as to gain a greater understanding of why people chose this method. Method: Descriptive and thematic analysis was conducted on 75 suicide notes for those who had died by suicide on the UK railway between 2010 and 2016. Results: Demographic findings from the sample were largely consistent with railway UK data trends. Five main themes were identified as being significant: “certain and instant,” “impersonal and non-human,” “ability to be planned,” “a good death,” and “bereavement suicide.” Limitations: Findings are based on suicide note authors who died by suicide on the railway in the UK, as such generalizability may be limited. Conclusion: Findings suggest that people select the railway for their suicide for the following motives: perception of being instant and certain and viewed as a good death, ability to be planned, belief it causes less of a burden on loved ones (via the perception of the railway as impersonal), and a prior experience of it being fatal (via bereavement suicide). Key implications in relation to prevention strategies and future research are discussed.

İngiltere’den Türkiye’ye ‘Düzensiz’ Göçmen Dövizi Gönderme Davranışının Nedenleri Üzerine Nitel Bir İnceleme

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Fethiye Tilbe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Migrant Groups

Bu makale, göçmen dövizi  akımlarında “düzensizlik” olarak ifade ettiğimiz, Türkiye’ye resmi kanallar dışında gönderilen enformel  göçmen dövizlerini, Birleşik Krallık’ta (özellikle Londra’da) yaşayan Türkiye kökenli göçmenler açısından incelemektedir. Her göçmen grubu, gerek ev sahibi ülkedeki düzenleyici çerçeve ve sosyo-ekonomik koşullar, gerek göçmen topluluğunun sosyo-kültürel değerleri tarafından belirlenen biçimde, farklı göçmen dövizi transfer biçimlerine eğilim sergilemektedir. Dolayısıyla farklı ülkelerdeki aynı kökenden göçmen toplulukları, ev sahibi ülkedeki dinamikler nedeniyle göçmen dövizlerinin formel ya da enformel (düzenli ya da düzensiz) gönderiminde farklılaşabilirken, aynı ülkedeki farklı ülke kökenli göçmen grupları da pek çok örüntünün etkisiyle farklı eğilim gösterebilmektedir. Nitel araştırma tasarımı kapsamında 27 göçmen ve 7 anahtar statüdeki katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen yüz yüze görüşmelere dayalı olan bu çalışma, Birleşik Krallık’tan Türkiye’ye göçmen dövizi gönderimindeki düzensizlik olgusunu, her iki ülkenin sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel dinamikleriyle ilişkilendirerek incelemeyi ve nedenlerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaç edinmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, göçmenlik statüsü, gönderilen para miktar ve sıklığı ile geleneksel ilişki ağlarına olan güvenin yanında, Birleşik Krallık’taki sosyal yardım ve çalışma biçimine ilişkinin düzenleyici çerçevenin ve göçmenlerin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının Türkiye’ye enformel göçmen dövizi gönderiminde temel belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHA Qualitative Examination of Determinants of Remittances Sending Behaviour Among Immigrants from Turkey in the UKThis article examines the causes of irregularity in remittances flows from the United Kingdom (UK) to Turkey, from the perspective of migrants from Turkey living in the UK. Each group of migrants prefers different types of remittance sending methods, as determined by the regulatory framework and socio-economic conditions in the host country and the socio-cultural values of the migrant community. Therefore, migrant communities of the same origin in different countries may differ in using formal or informal sending methods of remittances due to the dynamics in the host country. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of irregularities in sending remittances by associating with the social, economic and cultural dynamics of both countries. For this purpose, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 immigrants and 7 key status participants by using qualitative research method. The obtained results reveal that the regulatory framework relating to social assistance and labour market in the UK, immigration status, the frequency and the amount of money sent and confidence in traditional relationship networks is the main determinants of informal money transfers to Turkey.

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