scholarly journals Overnutrition, ectopic lipid and the metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Grundy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Current View ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic risk factors including atherogenic dyslipidemia (elevated serum triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol), elevated blood pressure, dysglycemia (insulin resistance and elevated serum glucose), a pro-inflammatory state, and a prothrombotic state. Most persons with metabolic syndrome are obese, and usually have abdominal obesity. Generally, obesity is a reflection of overnutrition. A current view is that when adipose tissue fails to store all excess nutrients as triglyceride, lipid begins to accumulate in various tissues (eg, muscle, liver, pancreas, and heart). This accumulation is called ectopic lipid. Various mechanisms have been proposed whereby ectopic lipid is detrimental in different tissues; these derangements induce metabolic risk factors. The foundation of the metabolic syndrome thus appears to be overnutrition, that is, more nutrient intake than can be safely disposed by lipid oxidation. Excess dietary carbohydrate also induces ectopic lipid. Of interest, less than half of obese individuals develop metabolic syndrome. Through various mechanisms they adapt to overnutrition so as to minimize lipid overload in tissues, and consequently, prevent the syndrome.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues ◽  
Neiva Leite ◽  
Manuel J. Coelho e Silva ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
Raul A. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Run Test

Background:Associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with lifestyle behaviors in youth is potentially important for identifying subgroups at risk and encourage interventions. This study evaluates the associations among the clustering of metabolic risk factors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in youth.Methods:The sample comprised 522 girls and 402 boys (N = 924) aged 11 to 17 years. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressures were measured. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. MVPA was estimated with a 3-day diary. Outcome variables were statistically normalized and expressed as z scores. A clustered metabolic risk score was computed as the mean of z scores. Multiple linear regression was used to test associations between metabolic risk and MVPA by sex, adjusted for age, WC, and CRF.Results:After adjustment for potential confounders, MVPA was inversely associated with the clustering of metabolic risk factors in girls, but not in boys; in addition, after adjusting for WC, the statistical model of that relationship was substantially improved in girls.Conclusion:MVPA was independently associated with increased risk of MetS in girls. Additional efforts are needed to encourage research with different analytical approach and standardization of criteria for MetS in youth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Metabolic Syndrome and their Association with Metabolic Risk Factors among Healthy Individuals in New Belgrade

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Veroslava Stanković ◽  
Svetlana Stojanović ◽  
Nađa Vasiljević
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Indices

Summary People with metabolic syndrome (MetSy) are about twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease and over four times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. Waist circumferences (WC) and body mass index (BMI) are useful screening tools for making the diagnosis. MetSy has increased the health risk in primary care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthropometric indices for MetSy and determine which of simple anthropometric measurements is most closely associated with metabolic risk factors. The research included 264 individuals, of which 132 men with mean age (±SD) of 44.73 ±9.37 years and 132 women with mean age (±SD) of 46.67±8.44 years. Antropometric indicators were measured using standard protocols, without shoes and outerwear. BMI was calculated as weight/height2(kg/m2) ratio, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Blood pressure measurements were obtained with the subject in a seated position by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood samples were obtained after a minimum of 12-h fast; the metabolic parameters (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose) were analyzed by standard procedures. Analysis of the examinees’ medical records was also performed. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The analysis of the research results were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 10.0 (SPSS 10.0 for Windows). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 44.7% in men and 43.2% in women. Normal-weight subjects of both sexes were significantly younger and had significantly lower blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides than overweight and obese subjects. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly increased in parallel with increasing of BMI. For the whole sample, both anthropometric indices had significant associations with the other five components of MetSy. Waist circumference is a simple measure of adiposity most strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities. The results obtained in this study indicate that WC is a good indicator of health risk in women but not in men. Measurement of WC by BMI categories may indicate a person with an increased risk of development of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Metabolic risk factors and ovarian cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1667-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bjorge ◽  
A. Lukanova ◽  
S. Tretli ◽  
J. Manjer ◽  
H. Ulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cancer Project

scholarly journals Relationship between body fat percentage determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis and metabolic risk factors in Syrian male adolescents (18–19 years)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Mahfouz Al-Bachir ◽  
Mohamad Adel Bakir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract The association between increasing obesity and metabolic syndrome among adolescent and the adverse consequences in adulthood including type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease is well documented. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the major metabolic risk factors and some clinical important parameters in Syrian male adolescents (18-19 years old), and to assess the correlations between BF% determined by BIA-man prediction equation and metabolic risk factors in the same group. The correlations between body fat percentage (BF%) based on BIA-man predictive equations, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (Chol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), Hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) in 1596 healthy Syrian adolescents aged 18-19 years and the mean values of these parameters were examined. Data showed that, DBP, Chol, TG, LDL and TG/HDL-C were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overweight and obese subjects in compression to normal weight cases. Whereas, SBP, FBS and Ht were significantly (p<0.05) higher in obese subjects in compression to normal weight. However, all measured variable related to metabolic syndrome risk factors increased with increasing the BF% determined by BIA-man. The present study suggests that % BF by BIA-man is a good predictor of metabolic risks factors for Syrian adolescents.

scholarly journals Case–Control Study of the Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2384-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Friedenreich ◽  
Rita K. Biel ◽  
David C.W. Lau ◽  
Ilona Csizmadi ◽  
Kerry S. Courneya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Metabolic risk factors and cervical cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me–Can)

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanno Ulmer ◽  
Tone Bjørge ◽  
Hans Concin ◽  
Annekatrin Lukanova ◽  
Jonas Manjer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cancer Project

scholarly journals Restorative yoga and metabolic risk factors: The Practicing Restorative Yoga vs. Stretching for the Metabolic Syndrome (PRYSMS) randomized trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka M. Kanaya ◽  
Maria Rosario G. Araneta ◽  
Sarah B. Pawlowsky ◽  
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor ◽  
Deborah Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, cardio-metabolic risk factors and diabetes treatment target achievement in repeated cross-sectional surveys – The Tromsø Study 1994-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petja Lyn Langholz ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Rolf Jorde ◽  
Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hba1c Levels

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate time trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, and other cardio-metabolic risk factors in the general population as well as treatment target achievement among those with diabetes.Design and settingRepeated cross-sectional surveys in the population-based Tromsø Study.MethodsWe used age-adjusted generalized estimating equation models to study trends in self-reported and undiagnosed (HbA1c ≥6.5%) diabetes, cardio-metabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in 27281 women and men aged 40-84 years examined in up to four surveys of the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2016. Further, we analyzed trends in diabetes treatment target achievement.ResultsDuring 1994-2016 diabetes prevalence increased in women (2.3% to 3.9%) and men (2.4% to 5.3%) and in all age-groups, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes in women (33% to 20%) and men (37% to 27%) decreased. Blood pressure and total cholesterol decreased, while waist circumference increased in participants with and without diabetes, leading to a relatively stable prevalence of the metabolic syndrome throughout the study period. There was a marginal increase in HbA1c levels among participants without diabetes. Only half of those with diabetes achieved the treatment target of HbA1c ≤7.0%.ConclusionIn the last two decades diabetes prevalence increased, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes declined. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome remained stable throughout, driven by opposing trends with an increase in obesity and a decrease in other cardio-metabolic risk factors. HbA1c treatment target achievement did not improve.

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