scholarly journals Trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, cardio-metabolic risk factors and diabetes treatment target achievement in repeated cross-sectional surveys – The Tromsø Study 1994-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petja Lyn Langholz ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Rolf Jorde ◽  
Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hba1c Levels

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate time trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, and other cardio-metabolic risk factors in the general population as well as treatment target achievement among those with diabetes.Design and settingRepeated cross-sectional surveys in the population-based Tromsø Study.MethodsWe used age-adjusted generalized estimating equation models to study trends in self-reported and undiagnosed (HbA1c ≥6.5%) diabetes, cardio-metabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in 27281 women and men aged 40-84 years examined in up to four surveys of the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2016. Further, we analyzed trends in diabetes treatment target achievement.ResultsDuring 1994-2016 diabetes prevalence increased in women (2.3% to 3.9%) and men (2.4% to 5.3%) and in all age-groups, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes in women (33% to 20%) and men (37% to 27%) decreased. Blood pressure and total cholesterol decreased, while waist circumference increased in participants with and without diabetes, leading to a relatively stable prevalence of the metabolic syndrome throughout the study period. There was a marginal increase in HbA1c levels among participants without diabetes. Only half of those with diabetes achieved the treatment target of HbA1c ≤7.0%.ConclusionIn the last two decades diabetes prevalence increased, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes declined. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome remained stable throughout, driven by opposing trends with an increase in obesity and a decrease in other cardio-metabolic risk factors. HbA1c treatment target achievement did not improve.

scholarly journals Trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, cardiometabolic risk factors and diabetes treatment target achievement in repeated cross-sectional surveys: the population-based Tromsø Study 1994–2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e041846
Author(s):  
Petja Lyn Langholz ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Rolf Jorde ◽  
Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hba1c Levels

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate time trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and other cardiometabolic risk factors in the general population as well as treatment target achievement among those with diabetes.Design and settingRepeated cross-sectional surveys in the population-based Tromsø Study.MethodsWe used age-adjusted generalised estimating equation models to study trends in self-reported and undiagnosed (HbA1c ≥6.5%) diabetes, cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in 27 281 women and men aged 40–84 years examined in up to four surveys of the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2016. Further, we analysed trends in diabetes treatment target achievement.ResultsDuring 1994–2016, diabetes prevalence increased in women (2.3% to 4.6%) and men (2.4% to 5.8%) and in all age groups, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes in women (32% to 17%) and men (37% to 24%) decreased. Blood pressure and total cholesterol decreased, while waist circumference increased in participants with and without diabetes, leading to a relatively stable prevalence of the metabolic syndrome throughout the study period. There was a marginal increase in HbA1c levels among participants without diabetes. Only half of those with diabetes achieved the treatment target of HbA1c ≤7.0%.ConclusionIn the last two decades, diabetes prevalence increased, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes declined. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome remained stable throughout, driven by opposing trends with an increase in obesity and a decrease in other cardiometabolic risk factors. HbA1c treatment target achievement did not improve.

scholarly journals Metabolic Risk Factors and Associated Morbidities among Adult Urban People in Pyin Oo Lwin Township

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban People

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with insulin resistance proposed as a linking factor. It is common and is increasing in prevalence worldwide, largely attributed to increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and now is both a public health and clinical problem. This community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during 2015 to identify metabolic risk factors and associated morbidities among adult urban people in Pyin Oo Lwin Township. A total of 355 participants, 94 men (26.5%) and 261 women (73.5%) were enrolled. Age distribution was from 18 to 85 years with mean of 49.98 (SD:15.22) years. Metabolic risk factors were identified according to National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. In this study, central obesity was the highest component with 145 subjects (40.8%) followed by elevated triglycerides 129(36. 3%), elevated blood pressure 104(29.3%), low HDL-cholesterols 85(23.9%), and elevated fasting glucose in only 48 individuals (13.5%). The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.2% with 26.6% in men and 38.3% in women, respectively. There were statistically significant associations above all five metabolic risk factors with metabolic syndrome (p value <0.001). Regarding its associated morbidities, ECG examinations showed normal 296 cases (83.4%) and abnormal in 59 cases (16.6%) but there was no significant difference between metabolic syndrome and abnormal ECG findings. In conclusion, this study recognizes the high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and can be depicted about the metabolic risks as the baseline data for implementation of further activities to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Metabolic risk factors and ovarian cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1667-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bjorge ◽  
A. Lukanova ◽  
S. Tretli ◽  
J. Manjer ◽  
H. Ulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cancer Project

scholarly journals Case–Control Study of the Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2384-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Friedenreich ◽  
Rita K. Biel ◽  
David C.W. Lau ◽  
Ilona Csizmadi ◽  
Kerry S. Courneya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Metabolic risk factors and cervical cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me–Can)

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanno Ulmer ◽  
Tone Bjørge ◽  
Hans Concin ◽  
Annekatrin Lukanova ◽  
Jonas Manjer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cancer Project

scholarly journals Overnutrition, ectopic lipid and the metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Grundy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Current View ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic risk factors including atherogenic dyslipidemia (elevated serum triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol), elevated blood pressure, dysglycemia (insulin resistance and elevated serum glucose), a pro-inflammatory state, and a prothrombotic state. Most persons with metabolic syndrome are obese, and usually have abdominal obesity. Generally, obesity is a reflection of overnutrition. A current view is that when adipose tissue fails to store all excess nutrients as triglyceride, lipid begins to accumulate in various tissues (eg, muscle, liver, pancreas, and heart). This accumulation is called ectopic lipid. Various mechanisms have been proposed whereby ectopic lipid is detrimental in different tissues; these derangements induce metabolic risk factors. The foundation of the metabolic syndrome thus appears to be overnutrition, that is, more nutrient intake than can be safely disposed by lipid oxidation. Excess dietary carbohydrate also induces ectopic lipid. Of interest, less than half of obese individuals develop metabolic syndrome. Through various mechanisms they adapt to overnutrition so as to minimize lipid overload in tissues, and consequently, prevent the syndrome.

scholarly journals Restorative yoga and metabolic risk factors: The Practicing Restorative Yoga vs. Stretching for the Metabolic Syndrome (PRYSMS) randomized trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka M. Kanaya ◽  
Maria Rosario G. Araneta ◽  
Sarah B. Pawlowsky ◽  
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor ◽  
Deborah Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Microvascular dysfunction: causative role in the association between hypertension, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome?

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik H. Serné ◽  
Renate T. de Jongh ◽  
Etto C. Eringa ◽  
Richard G. Ijzerman ◽  
Michiel P. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Factor

The metabolic syndrome defines a clustering of metabolic risk factors that confers an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome seems to have multiple etiological factors and microvascular dysfunction may be one potential factor explaining the clustering of multiple metabolic risk factors including hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Microvascular dysfunction may increase not only peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure, but may also decrease insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle. The present article summarizes some of the data concerning the role of microvascular dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome.

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