scholarly journals Body mass index and the risk of disability retirement: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Shiri ◽  
Kobra Falah-Hassani ◽  
Tea Lallukka
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Disability Retirement

The aim of this study was to determine the associations of body mass index (BMI) with all-cause and cause-specific disability retirement. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from their inception to May 2019. A total of 27 (25 prospective cohort and 2 nested case-control) studies consisting of 2 199 632 individuals qualified for a meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We used a random effects meta-analysis, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, and performed sensitivity analyses. There were a large number of participants and the majority of studies were rated at low or moderate risk of bias. There was a J-shaped relationship between BMI and disability retirement. Underweight (hazard ratio (HR)/risk ratio (RR)=1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.41), overweight (HR/RR=1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.19) and obese individuals (HR/RR=1.52, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.71) were more commonly granted all-cause disability retirement than normal-weight individuals. Moreover, overweight increased the risk of disability retirement due to musculoskeletal disorders (HR/RR=1.26, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.39) and cardiovascular diseases (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.41), and obesity increased the risk of disability retirement due to musculoskeletal disorders (HR/RR=1.66, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.94), mental disorders (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.61) and cardiovascular diseases (HR=2.80, 95% CI 1.85 to 4.24). The association between excess body mass and all-cause disability retirement did not differ between men and women and was independent of selection bias, performance bias, confounding and adjustment for publication bias. Obesity markedly increases the risk of disability retirement due to musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders. Since the prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, disease burden associated with excess body mass and disability retirement consequently are projected to increase. Reviewregistrationnumber: CRD42018103110.

Occupational class inequalities in disability retirement after hospitalisation

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Pietiläinen ◽  
Mikko Laaksonen ◽  
Eero Lahelma ◽  
Aino Salonsalmi ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Disability Retirement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Professional Class

Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether hospitalisation is associated with increased risk of disability retirement differently across four occupational classes. Methods: 170,510 employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland were followed from 1990 to 2013 using national registers for hospitalisations and disability retirement. Increases in the risk of disability retirement after hospitalisation for any cause, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders, malignant neoplasms, respiratory diseases and injuries were assessed across four occupational classes: professional, semi-professional, routine non-manual and manual, using competing risks models. Results: In general, hospitalisation showed a slightly more increased risk of disability retirement in the lower ranking occupational classes. Hospitalisation among women for mental disorders showed a more increased risk in the professional class (hazard ratio 14.73, 95% confidence interval 12.67 to 17.12) compared to the routine manual class (hazard ratio 7.27, 95% confidence interval 6.60 to 8.02). Occupational class differences were similar for men and women. The risk of disability retirement among women increased most in the routine non-manual class after hospitalisation for musculoskeletal disorders and injuries, and most in the professional class after hospitalisation for cardiovascular diseases. The corresponding risks among men increased most in the two lowest ranking classes after hospitalisation for injuries. Conclusions: Ill-health as measured by hospitalisation affected disability retirement in four occupational classes differently, and the effects also varied by the diagnostic group of hospitalisation. Interventions that tackle work disability should consider the impact of ill-health on functioning while taking into account working conditions in each occupational class.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Updated Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Feng ◽  
Xizhu Xu ◽  
Yanjun Shi ◽  
Xuezhen Liu ◽  
Huamin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. Extensive studies have been carried out to investigate the association between obesity and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the results of the current reported original studies remain inconsistent. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between body mass index and rheumatoid arthritis by conducting an updated overall and dose-response meta-analysis. Methods. The relevant literature was searched using the PubMed and Embase databases (through 20 September 2018) to identify all eligible published studies. Random-effect models and dose-response meta-analyses were used to estimate the pooled risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were also conducted based on the characteristics of the participants. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias tests were also performed to explore potential heterogeneity and bias in the meta-analysis. Results. Sixteen studies that included a total of 406,584 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to participants with normal weight, the pooled RRs of rheumatoid arthritis were 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.20) in overweight and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.09-1.39) in obese participants. There was evidence of a nonlinear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and RA (P  for nonlinearity less than 0.001 in the overall meta-analysis, P for nonlinearity=0.025 in the case-control studies, P for nonlinearity=0.0029 in the cohort studies). No significant heterogeneity was found among studies (I2=10.9% for overweight and I2=45.5% for obesity). Conclusion. The overall and dose-response meta-analysis showed that increased BMI was associated with an increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis, which might present a prevention strategy for the prevention or control of rheumatoid arthritis. The nonlinear relationship between BMI and RA might present a personal prevention strategy for RA.

scholarly journals Body mass index and height and risk of cutaneous melanoma: Mendelian randomization analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1236-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Dusingize ◽  
Catherine M Olsen ◽  
Jiyuan An ◽  
Nirmala Pandeya ◽  
Matthew H Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Melanoma Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors

Abstract Background Height and body mass index (BMI) have both been positively associated with melanoma risk, although findings for BMI have been less consistent than height. It remains unclear, however, whether these associations reflect causality or are due to residual confounding by environmental and lifestyle risk factors. We re-evaluated these associations using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for BMI and height from separate genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses. We obtained melanoma SNPs from the most recent melanoma GWAS meta-analysis comprising 12 874 cases and 23 203 controls. We used the inverse variance-weighted estimator to derive separate causal risk estimates across all SNP instruments for BMI and height. Results Based on the combined estimate derived from 730 SNPs for BMI, we found no evidence of an association between genetically predicted BMI and melanoma [odds ratio (OR) per one standard deviation (1 SD) (4.6 kg/m2) increase in BMI 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91–1.11]. In contrast, we observed a positive association between genetically-predicted height (derived from a pooled estimate of 3290 SNPs) and melanoma risk [OR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13, per 1 SD (9.27 cm) increase in height]. Sensitivity analyses using two alternative MR methods yielded similar results. Conclusions These findings provide no evidence for a causal association between higher BMI and melanoma, but support the notion that height is causally associated with melanoma risk. Mechanisms through which height influences melanoma risk remain unclear, and it remains possible that the effect could be mediated through diverse pathways including growth factors and even socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Zhao ◽  
Heng Chen ◽  
Chengui Zhuo ◽  
Shudong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetically Determined

Several observational studies have shown that cannabis use has negative effects on the cardiovascular system, but the causality of this relationship has not been confirmed. The aim of the current study was to estimate the effects of genetically determined cannabis use on risk of cardiovascular diseases. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to cannabis use were employed as instruments to estimate the association between genetically determined cannabis use and risk of cardiovascular diseases using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Summary statistics data on exposure and outcomes were obtained from different genome-wide association meta-analysis studies. The results of this MR analysis showed no causal effects of cannabis use on the risk of several common cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and ischemic stroke subtypes, atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure. Various sensitivity analyses yielded similar results, and no heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy were observed. After adjusting for tobacco use and body mass index, multivariable MR analysis suggested a causal effect of cannabis use on small vessel stroke (SVS) [odds ratio (OR) 1.17; 95% CI 1.02–1.35; p = 0.03] and AF (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01–1.10; p = 0.01), respectively. This two-sample MR study did not demonstrate a causal effect of genetic predisposition to cannabis use on several common cardiovascular outcomes. After adjusting for tobacco use and body mass index, the multivariable MR analysis suggested a detrimental effect of cannabis use on the risk of SVS and AF, respectively.

scholarly journals Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Yan ◽  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Honglin Yan ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Hong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Case Control Studies

Abstract Objective To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between EDCs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), poly-brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), phthalates (PAEs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Relevant literatures were identified by searching Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science through November 2021. The cohort and case-control studies reporting effect size with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EDCs exposure and GDM were selected. The heterogeneity among the included studies were quantified by I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated through the Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Results Twenty-five articles with a total of 23, 796 participants were finally identified. The results indicated that exposure to PCBs have a significant impact on the incidence of GDM (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.00-1.31; n = 8). For PBDEs exposure, a positive association was observed for the risk of GDM (OR = 1.32; 95% CI=1.15-1.53; n = 4). Similarly, for PAEs and PFASs exposure, they were also positively associated with the risk of GDM, with summary ORs were 1.10 (95% CI = 1.03-1.16; n = 7 for PAEs) and 1.09 (95% CI = 1.02-1.16; n = 11 for PFASs), respectively. When only included the cohort studies, the summary OR between PCBs exposure and the risk of GDM was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.91-1.09; n = 5). While, for PBDEs, PAEs, and PFASs exposure, the summary ORs from cohort studies were 1.12 (95% CI = 1.00-1.26; n = 2), 1.08 (95% CI =1.02-1.15; n = 5), and 1.06 (95% CI = 1.00-1.12; n = 8), respectively. The Begg’s and Egger’s tests didn’t show publication bias and the sensitivity analyses didn’t change the results in the present meta-analysis. Conclusion These results support the notion that EDCs exposure increases the risk of GDM. Further large-sample epidemiologic researches and mechanistic studies are needed to verify the potential relationship and biological mechanisms. These results are of public health significance since daily EDCs exposure have been expected to increase the risk of GDM development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document