scholarly journals The role of epidemiological surveillance in the immunoprophylaxis of influenza

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (608) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Surveillance

Role of active epidemiological surveillance in the detection of healthcare-associated infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 3_2019 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Yarovoy S.K. Yarovoy ◽  
Voskanian Sh.L. Voskanian ◽  
Tutelyan А.V. Tutelyan ◽  
Gladkova L.S. Gladkova L ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Are Animals a Neglected Transmission Route of SARS-CoV-2?

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Hernández ◽  
David Abad ◽  
José María Eiros ◽  
David Rodríguez-Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Exotic Animal

Little information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus in animals is available to date. Whereas no one husbandry animal case has been reported to date, which would have significant implications in food safety, companion animals play a role in COVID-19 epidemiology that opens up new questions. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect felines, dogs and minks, and there is evidence of human-to-animal infection. Likewise, the S protein nucleotide sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated in domestic animals and humans is identical, and the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 in cats is efficient. Besides, the epidemiological evidence for this current pandemic indicates that the spillover to humans was associated with close contact between man and exotic animals, very probably in Chinese wet markets, thus there is a growing general consensus that the exotic animal markets, should be strictly regulated. The examination of these findings and the particular role of animals in COVID-19 should be carefully analyzed in order to establish preparation and containment measures. Animal management and epidemiological surveillance must be also considered for COVID-19 control, and it can open up new questions regarding COVID-19 epidemiology and the role that animals play in it.

scholarly journals Co-Circulation of Chikungunya and Multiple DENV Serotypes and Genotypes, Western Indonesia 2015–2016

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Harapan Harapan ◽  
Alice Michie ◽  
Timo Ernst ◽  
Kritu Panta ◽  
Mudatsir Mudatsir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lineage Distribution

Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease of public health concern affecting tropical and subtropical countries, including Indonesia. Although studies on dengue epidemiology have been undertaken in Indonesia, data are lacking in many areas of the country. The aim of this study was to determine dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) molecular epidemiology in western regions of the Indonesian archipelago. A one-year prospective study was conducted in Aceh and Jambi in 2015 and 2016, respectively, where patients with dengue-like illness were enrolled. Of 205 patients recruited, 29 and 27 were confirmed with dengue in Aceh and Jambi, respectively, and three from Jambi were confirmed with chikungunya. DENV-1 was the predominant serotype identified in Aceh while DENV-2 was predominant in Jambi. All DENV-1 and DENV-2 from both regions were classified as Genotype I and Cosmopolitan genotype, respectively, and all DENV-3 viruses from Jambi were Genotype I. Some viruses, in particular DENV-1, displayed a distinct lineage distribution, where two DENV-1 lineages from Aceh were more closely related to viruses from China instead of Jambi highlighting the role of travel and flight patterns on DENV transmission in the region. DENV-2 from both Aceh and Jambi and DENV-3 from Jambi were all closely related to Indonesian local strains. All three CHIKV belonged to Asian genotype and clustered closely with Indonesian CHIKV strains including those previously circulating in Jambi in 2015, confirming continuous and sustainable transmission of CHIKV in the region. The study results emphasize the importance of continuous epidemiological surveillance of arboviruses in Indonesia and simultaneous testing for CHIKV among dengue-suspected patients.

scholarly journals Tetanus in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Andrzej Zieliński ◽  
Jolanta Rudowska
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Neonatal Tetanus ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Protective Vaccination

In the last decade, the number of tetanus cases in Poland has not exceeded 20 cases. Since 1984, neonatal tetanus has not been reported. OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK. The aim of the study is to present the data of epidemiological surveillance of tetanus in 2017 in a historical perspective, taking into account the role of protective vaccination and a reference to activities for the elimination of neonatal tetanus on a global scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The material of the study are individual reports on tetanus sent to the Department of Epidemiology, NIZP-PZH and the bulletin “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2017. The historical data is based on earlier Polish and foreign studies. RESULTS. In 2017, 11 cases of tetanus were reported. Four men and seven women got sick. One man died in the age > 69. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. Tetanus is an infectious disease acquired in the environment and associated with wound pollution. Few cases of illness in Poland are associated with non-compliance with recommendations for booster vaccinations.

scholarly journals Role of children in the transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rajmil
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Spanish Study ◽  
Childhood Population ◽  
Transmission Studies

BackgroundAs a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have adopted measures of social distance, with the childhood population being one of the main focus of attention in these measures.MethodsA rapid scoping review was carried out by searching PubMed to know if children are more contagious than adults, and the proportion of asymptomatic cases in children. Google Scholar and MedRxiv/bioRxiv were also searched. The time period was restricted from 1 December 2019 until 28 May 2020. Only studies published in English, Italian, French or Spanish were included.ResultsFourteen out of 1099 identified articles were finally included. Studies included cases from China (n=9 to 2143), China and Taiwan (n=536), Korea (n=1), Vietnam (n=1), Australia (n=9), Geneva (n=40), the Netherlands (n=116), Ireland (n=3) and Spain (population-based study of IgG, n=8243). Although no complete data were available, between 15% and 55%–60% were asymptomatic, and 75%–100% of cases were from family transmission. Studies analysing school transmission showed children as not a driver of transmission. Prevalence of COVID-19 IgG antibody in children <15 years was lower than the general population in the Spanish study.ConclusionsChildren are not transmitters to a greater extent than adults. There is a need to improve the validity of epidemiological surveillance to solve current uncertainties, and to take into account social determinants and child health inequalities during and after the current pandemic.

scholarly journals Lockdown measures and relative changes in the age-specific incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. De Salazar ◽  
D. Gómez-Barroso ◽  
D. Pampaka ◽  
J.M. Gil ◽  
B. Peñalver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Relative Incidence

Abstract During the first months of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in 2020, Spain implemented an initial lockdown period on 15 March followed by a strengthened lockdown period on 30 March when only essential workers continued to commute to work. However, little is known about the epidemic dynamics in different age groups during these periods. We used the daily number of coronavirus 2019 cases (by date of symptom onset) reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network among individuals aged 15–19 years through 65–69 years. For each age group g, we computed the proportion PrE(g) of individuals in age group g among all reported cases aged 15–69 years during the pre-lockdown period (1−10 March 2020) and the corresponding proportion PrL(g) during two lockdown periods (initial: 25 March−3 April; strengthened: 8–17 April 2020). For each lockdown period, we computed the proportion ratios PR(g) = PrL(g)/PrE(g). For each pair of age groups g1, g2, PR(g1)>PR(g2) implies a relative increase in the incidence of detected SARS-CoV-2 infection in the age group g1 compared with g2 for the lockdown period vs. the pre-lockdown period. For the initial lockdown period, the highest PR values were in age groups 50–54 years (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12,1.30) and 55–59 years (PR = 1.19; 1.11,1.27). For the second lockdown period, the highest PR values were in age groups 15–19 years (PR = 1.26; 0.95,1.68) and 50–54 years (PR = 1.20; 1.09,1.31). Our results suggest that different outbreak control measures led to different changes in the relative incidence by age group. During the initial lockdown period, when non-essential work was allowed, individuals aged 40–64 years, particularly those aged 50–59 years, had a higher relative incidence compared with the pre-lockdown period. Younger adults/older adolescents had an increased relative incidence during the later, strengthened lockdown. The role of different age groups during the epidemic should be considered when implementing future mitigation efforts.

scholarly journals THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF MEDICAL MONITORING OF POPULATION IN WATER SUPPLY (TROOPS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
M A Bokarev ◽  
S M Kuznetsov ◽  
V A Maydan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Public Health Monitoring ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

In accordance with the organizational and legal framework preventing soldiers of diseases caused by water factors, presented the direction and content of medical control and the state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of water supply in areas of permanent deployment of troops. Substantiated basic preventive control function of the medical service of military units and sanitary facilities on the design, construction, acceptance and operation of water supply facilities in the military towns. The attention is focused on the prognostic role of hygienic diagnostics in relation to troops water supply. Televisions perspective directions of information-analytical support of public health monitoring and hygienic diagnostics in medical monitoring of water supply of military towns

scholarly journals Information management and ante-mortem inspection procedures for the emerging diseases control: Experiences acquired in the epidemiological surveillance of bluetongue and lumpy skin disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Corradini ◽  
Marcello Trevisani ◽  
Geremia Dosa ◽  
Anna Padovani
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
Role Of Information

The spread of exotic, emerging and reemerging diseases, has become, in the last years, one of the most important threats to the animal productions and public health, representing a new challenge for the European Community. In a global-market framework, where trade and contacts between countries are simplified, effective and well-developed surveillance systems are necessary. Multiple factors are, in fact, associated with the emergence of new, known or exotic diseases in this new economic panorama and for these reasons controls on animal imports, traceability and timeliness detection of infected animals should be considered the basis of a sound surveillance. In this work, we focused our attention on the management of Bluetongue and on the risk of introduction of the Lumpy Skin Disease in Italy, in order to describe the national and European surveillance systems for these diseases. In particular, we underlined the crucial role of information that reach the Official Veterinarian at the slaughterhouse concerning the epidemiological situation of the sending countries. Information that are important for the management of the ante-mortem inspection and for increasing the awareness of the Veterinary Inspectors of their role in the surveillance.

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