Association between response rates and monetary incentives in sample study: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-137868
Author(s):  
Pengli Jia ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽  
Zong-Shi Qin ◽  
Peng-Yan Jia ◽  
Chang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
First Response ◽  
Final Response ◽  
Relationship Of

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of monetary incentive and the dose–response relationship of participants’ response rates in surveys.MethodsThree databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of monetary incentives on participants’ first and final response rates. First response is defined as the responses after the participant was initially contacted and final response is defined as the responses after several reminders were sent. The potential dose–response relationship of the amount of monetary incentive on the relative response rate (RRR) was established by fitting a restricted cubic spline function based on the robust-error meta-regression model.Results105 RCTs were identified. The first RRR increased by 49% (RRR=1.49; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.72) when monetary incentives were provided. Dose–response analysis revealed that an amount between US$6.25 and US$8 had the maximum effect on increasing the first response rate. On average, the final RRR increased almost by 20% (RRR=1.18; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.25) with monetary incentive compared to no-monetary incentive. An amount between US$10 and US$15 had the maximum effect on the final response rate, with an increase in the final RRR of 34% (RRR=1.34; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.51). There was a significant increase in the response rate when two or more reminders were sent.ConclusionMonetary incentives and reminders improve the response rates. Future studies need to consider providing monetary incentives and sending at least two reminders to increase the response rate and reduce the chances of non-response bias.

Randomized Study of Three Different Doses of Suramin Administered With a Fixed Dosing Schedule in Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer: Results of Intergroup 0159, Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9480

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3369-3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Small ◽  
Susan Halabi ◽  
Mark J. Ratain ◽  
Gary Rosner ◽  
Walter Stadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Psa Response

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that the efficacy and toxicity of suramin in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer was dose dependent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized with equal probability to receive low-, intermediate-, or high-dose suramin (total doses 3.192, 5.320, and 7.661 g/m2, respectively). Overall survival, time to progression, and response rate (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] and objective) for each treatment arm were compared. Relationships between plasma suramin concentrations and response, toxicity, and survival were also evaluated. RESULTS: Three hundred ninety patients were randomized. For the low-, intermediate-, and high-dose arms, the median survival time was 16, 14, and 13 months, respectively (P = .49). The objective response rate was 9%, 7%, and 15%, respectively (P = .10). PSA response rates were 24%, 28%, and 34%, respectively (P = .082). Landmark analyses of a 50% decline in PSA at 20 weeks showed a significant correlation with survival. There was a dose-response relationship between dose and toxicity. After adjusting for treatment arm, the measured suramin concentration was not associated with clinical response, PSA response, survival, or toxicity. CONCLUSION: Although high-dose suramin was associated with higher objective and PSA response rates, these were not statistically significant. Overall, no dose-response relationship was observed for survival or progression-free survival, but toxicity was increased with the higher dose. Patients treated with the low-dose level experienced modest toxicity, making it the preferred arm on this study. The lack of a dose-response relationship and the toxicity profile observed raise questions regarding the utility of suramin, particularly high-dose suramin, as administered on this schedule.

Underestimation of Dose - Response Relationship with Particular Reference to the Relationship between the Dietary Intake of Mercury and its Concentration in Blood

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sherlock ◽  
M.J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Blood Mercury ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Blood Mercury Concentration

Wide discrepancies have been observed between controlled and uncontrolled intake studies of the relationship of blood mercury concentration to intake of mercury. The probable reason for the apparent discrepancies is that the within-subject variation of mercury intake in the uncontrolled studies was almost certainly considerably larger than the within-subject variation in blood mercury concentration; in these circumstances, the apparent slope obtained from a linear regression of blood mercury on intake will invariably be much smaller than the true slope. Studies of the exposure or intake of any substance should therefore include a consideration of the likely within-subject variation in the exposure or intake relative to that in the effect.

A model analysis for dose–response relationship of warfarin in Japanese children: An introduction of the SIZE parameter

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Nakamura ◽  
Nao Watanabe ◽  
Naoki Yoshimura ◽  
Sayaka Ozawa ◽  
Keiichi Hirono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Size Parameter ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Relationship Of

The Dose-Response Relationship of Ondansetron in the Prophylaxis of Pediatric Postoperative Emesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. A1351
Author(s):  
M. F. Watcha ◽  
P. J. Bras ◽  
J. Pennant ◽  
G. Cieslak ◽  
D. Burnette
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Investigations on the dose–response relationship of combined exposure to low doses of three anti-androgens in Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 3961-3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Schneider ◽  
Karma C. Fussell ◽  
Stephanie Melching-Kollmuss ◽  
Roland Buesen ◽  
Sibylle Gröters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Portuguese Primary Care physicians response rate in surveys: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Basílio ◽  
Sara Cardoso ◽  
José Mendes Nunes ◽  
Liliana Laranjo ◽  
Maria da Luz Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Average Response Rate ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
E Mail

Summary Introduction: Surveys are a useful tool in primary care. However, low response rates can introduce selection bias, impairing both external and internal validity. The aim of this study was to assess the average response rate in surveys with Portuguese general practitioners (GPs). Method: We searched the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsychInfo, SciELO, IndexRMP, RCAAP, Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar, Acta Médica Portuguesa and the proceedings of conferences of general practice from incepton to December 2016. We included all postal, e-mail, telephone and personal surveys to primary care physicians without language restrictions. We did not assess risk of bias of included studies, since the main outcome was survey response rate. We performed planned subgroup analyses of the use of monetary incentives, the use of non-monetary incentives, survey delivery modes and prior contact with participants. Results: A total of 1,094 papers were identified and 37 studies were included in this review. The response rate in surveys done to Portuguese GPs was 56% (95CI 47-64%). There was substantial heterogeneity among included studies (I2=99%), but subgroup analysis did not explain this heterogeneity. Conclusion: Consistent with other published studies, the average response rate in surveys done with Portuguese GPs was 56%, with substantial variation among studies. Use of monetary incentives, one of the most effective strategies to increase response rates, was not present in any of the included studies.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Calabadion and Sugammadex to Reverse Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular-blocking Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Haerter ◽  
Jeroen Cedric Peter Simons ◽  
Urs Foerster ◽  
Ingrid Moreno Duarte ◽  
Daniel Diaz-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Competition Binding ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background The authors evaluated the comparative effectiveness of calabadion 2 to reverse non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBAs) by binding and inactivation. Methods The dose–response relationship of drugs to reverse vecuronium-, rocuronium-, and cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular block (NMB) was evaluated in vitro (competition binding assays and urine analysis), ex vivo (n = 34; phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm preparation), and in vivo (n = 108; quadriceps femoris muscle of the rat). Cumulative dose–response curves of calabadions, neostigmine, or sugammadex were created ex vivo at a steady-state deep NMB. In living rats, the authors studied the dose–response relationship of the test drugs to reverse deep block under physiologic conditions, and they measured the amount of calabadion 2 excreted in the urine. Results In vitro experiments showed that calabadion 2 binds rocuronium with 89 times the affinity of sugammadex (Ka = 3.4 × 109 M−1 and Ka = 3.8 × 107 M−1). The results of urine analysis (proton nuclear magnetic resonance), competition binding assays, and ex vivo study obtained in the absence of metabolic deactivation are in accordance with an 1:1 binding ratio of sugammadex and calabadion 2 toward rocuronium. In living rats, calabadion 2 dose-dependently and rapidly reversed all NMBAs tested. The molar potency of calabadion 2 to reverse vecuronium and rocuronium was higher compared with that of sugammadex. Calabadion 2 was eliminated renally and did not affect blood pressure or heart rate. Conclusions Calabadion 2 reverses NMB induced by benzylisoquinolines and steroidal NMBAs in rats more effectively, i.e., faster than sugammadex. Calabadion 2 is eliminated in the urine and well tolerated in rats.

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