Role of flavours in vaping uptake and cessation among New Zealand smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Gendall ◽  
Janet Hoek
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

BackgroundConcerns about the effects of vaping have prompted calls to restrict e-cigarette flavours. Vaping proponents have criticised these proposals, which they argue may discourage smokers from taking up vaping or trigger relapse to smoking. We explored the role flavours play in vaping uptake and cessation among New Zealand cigarette smokers and vaping-susceptible never smokers (VSNS), and examined current vapers’ preferred flavours.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of 1005 New Zealanders aged 18–70 years that included 324 current vapers (vaped in the last 30 days) and 302 ‘past’ vapers (reported past vaping, but not within the last month). We asked respondents their reasons for vaping and explored current vapers’ preferred e-cigarette flavours; we analysed the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsIrrespective of smoking status, flavour was one of the main reasons respondents gave for vaping (smokers 83%; former smokers 77%; VSNS 80%). Flavour was less important to former vapers; 47% of smokers, 57% of former smokers and 64% of VSNS cited flavour as a reason for originally taking up vaping. Fruit flavours were most popular among all three groups; smokers also favoured tobacco flavour, while former smokers also favoured mint or menthol, and never smokers also favoured confectionery/sweets/lolly flavours.ConclusionsFlavours play a major role in vaping initiation for current smokers, former smokers and vaping-susceptible non-smokers, and remain important to those who continue vaping. Our findings highlight the need for regulation that allows some flavour diversity without the extravagant marketing currently used to promote vaping and e-liquids.

scholarly journals Use of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products during the Covid-19 pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvano Gallus ◽  
Chiara Stival ◽  
Giulia Carreras ◽  
Giuseppe Gorini ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Hardcore Smokers

AbstractOnly a few studies investigated changes in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use during pandemic restrictions. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 6,003 Italian adults during the strictest phase of the Covid-19 lockdown (April–May 2020). Participants were asked to report changes in e-cigarette and HTP use compared to before the pandemic. E-cigarette users increased from 8.1% to 9.1% and HTP users from 4.0% to 4.5%. Among e-cigarette non-users before lockdown, 1.8% started using e-cigarettes during lockdown. New users were more frequently younger (p for trend 0.001), men (odds ratio, OR 1.56; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03–2.34), cannabis users (OR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.33–4.13), gamblers (OR 3.34; 95% CI: 2.18–5.11) and individuals with anxiety symptoms (OR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.00–2.52). 1.0% of HTP non-users started using it during lockdown. New users were less frequently current than never cigarette smokers (OR 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.61) and more frequently gamblers (OR 2.23; 95% CI: 1.22–4.07). E-cigarettes and HTPs played little role as smoking cessation tools for hardcore smokers but rather provided opportunities for young never smokers to engage in socially acceptable activities, perhaps reflecting the obstacles they faced in obtaining other addictive substances during confinement.

Hope and Self-Compassion to Alleviate Parenting Stress in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110408
Author(s):  
Aileen S. Garcia ◽  
Staci L. Born ◽  
Christin L. Carotta ◽  
Erin S. Lavender-Stott ◽  
Hung-Ling (Stella) Liu
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Serious Disease

As the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted all aspects of life, parents have been subjected to more household and caregiving responsibilities and stressors. The purpose of this study is to investigate how hope, self-compassion, and perception of COVID-19 health risks influence parenting stress. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 362 parents living in the United States completed an online survey in July 2020. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher levels of hope are related to lower levels of parenting stress. On the other hand, lower levels of self-compassion as indicated by higher scores on the subscales of isolation, self-judgment, and overidentification are related to higher levels of parenting stress. Further, testing positive for the coronavirus is positively related to parenting stress, whereas the belief that COVID-19 is a serious disease is negatively related to parenting stress. Findings also revealed the significant role of hope in moderating the relation between self-compassion and parenting stress. This study highlights the importance of nurturing and drawing from one’s own psychological resources to mitigate parenting stress, particularly in the context of a chronic source of stress like a pandemic. Implications for the counseling profession are discussed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Perceived Effectiveness of Pictorial Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages in Gulf Countries: A Cross-sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1769846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameerah Y Mansour ◽  
Zuhair Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Graphic Images

Objectives: To explore the perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warning (PHW) labels required by the Gulf Cooperation Council, to compare them with the Food and Drug Administration–approved PHW labels, and to determine factors affecting their perceived effectiveness. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of adult smokers and nonsmokers was conducted. The data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. The perceived effectiveness scores of PHW labels were calculated and compared among different subgroups using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn multiple comparison test at a .05 significance level. Results: Of the 90 people invited to participate in the survey, 77 (86%) completed it, with 39 (50%) nonsmokers, 22 (29%) smokers, and 16 (21%) former smokers. Overall, labels having graphic images of illness or pathology are perceived to be most effective. Smokers generally perceived labels significantly less effective compared with former smokers and nonsmokers. Also, 55 respondents (71%) suggested that the presence of a telephone quit-line would be effective. Conclusions: Smoking status and image type had the most effect on the perceived effectiveness of the PHW labels on cigarette packs. Pictorial health warning labels with graphic images of pathology and a telephone quit-line are perceived to be most effective.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Relationship between Smoking and Weight: The Role of Sedentary Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Kaufman ◽  
Erik M. Augustson ◽  
Heather Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Research has shown that current smokers have a lower mean body mass index (BMI) than never and former smokers, with former smokers having the highest mean BMI. A number of physiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this pattern, but few studies have explored the possible role of behavioral factors. Using data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006, this descriptive study explored the associations among smoking status, sedentary behavior, and two anthropometric measures (BMI and waist circumference (WC)). Sedentary behavior was significantly higher among current smokers compared to never and former smokers; former smokers had higher levels of sedentary behavior compared to never smokers. The association between smoking status and anthropometric outcomes was moderated by sedentary behavior, with current smokers evidencing higher BMI and WC at higher levels of sedentary behavior compared to lower levels of sedentary behavior. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for interventions, particularly with respect to postcessation weight gain.

Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frazer J. Lowe ◽  
Evan O. Gregg ◽  
Michael McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain baseline data on biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers.: This was a cross-sectional study of 80 healthy male and female volunteers over 21 years old, self-selected for smoking status. Subjects were pre-screened by medical staff at an independent clinical research unit, within 1 week prior to a single overnight residential visit and sample collection.: All BoE were able to differentiate between the two smoking groups and smokers from all non-smokers. There was a strong correlation between cigarettes smoked per day and total urinary nicotine equivalents (TNE; r=0.85). TNE correlated better with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels than cigarettes smoked per day (r=0.75 and r=0.56, respectively). Of the BoPH included in this study, seven (11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, 2, 3-dinorthromboxane B2, 8-epi prostaglandin F: While BoE clearly differentiate between groups based on self-declared smoking status, most BoPH examined could not do so in a consistent manner. The dynamics of BoPH levels are not well understood. Future studies of BoPH should eliminate potential confounding factors and increase the number of subjects to allow the investigation of genetic polymorphism in metabolic pathways.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:311–20.

scholarly journals Level of awareness of dentists about the role of physiotherapy in temporomandibular disorders: a pilot study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf A. M. Shaheen ◽  
Hajar Alhajri ◽  
Noura Alrajeeb ◽  
Ruba Almoammar ◽  
Arwa Alyousef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Collaboration Awareness

Abstract Background Physiotherapy (PT) is a distinguished developing profession. It has a crucial role in treating temporomandibular disorders (TMD) as an effective intervention to reduce pain and improve TMD symptoms. Not all dentists are aware of the importance of collaboration with physiotherapists (PTs).Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of dentists’ awareness about the role of PT in treating TMD, identify dentists’ willingness to collaborate with PTs, and create collaboration awareness. This cross-sectional study included Saudi dentists in Riyadh. An online survey was used to assess dentist’s awareness and their readiness to collaborate with PTs. Results Out of 1500 dentists, only 162 participated in the survey. About 46.9% of dentists were aware that PT can treat TMD. Generally, there was lack of awareness about the benefits of PT among dentists (61.8%), and 59.9% was not aware that the evidence suggested that PT can improve TMD symptoms. Only 29% referred patients to PT. Upon the completion of the survey, almost all dentists (97.5%) were likely to refer patients with TMD to PT, and 90.7% of them showed interest to learn more about collaborating with PTs. Conclusion The study concluded that, although 46.9% of the dentists are aware about the role of PT in treating TMD, there is a lack of awareness about the benefits of PT among the majority of them. The study helped to extend the awareness of surveyed dentists about the collaboration and multidisciplinary approach.

scholarly journals Substance Abuse among Students in a Dental School

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (214) ◽  
pp. 896-899
Author(s):  
Shishir Bhatta ◽  
Manish Raj Sapkota ◽  
Sujita Shrestha ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Medical And Dental Students

Introduction: Substance abuse has become a burning issue among the medical and dental students. Dental students, who later transform into dentists, have a significant role in substance abuse cessation. Thus the study was undertaken to quantify substance abuse among dental students of Kantipur Dental College. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested self-administered questionnaire among undergraduate and post graduate students of Kantipur Dental College. Convenience sampling was done and sample size was calculated.Results: Study revealed 166 (74.10%) as never smokers, 3 (1.30%) as former smokers and 55 (24.60%) as current smokers. Similarly 97 (43.3%) students never used alcoholic drink, 95 (42.41%) consumed alcohol monthly, 29 (12.95%) consumed alcohol 2-4 times a month and 3 (1.34%) consumed alcohol 2-3 times a week. A total of 78 (35%) students used cannabis.Conclusions: Substantial numbers of students were indulged in deleterious habits of smoking, tobacco and cannabis intake. Students need to be properly counseled to discourage substance abuse and create a healthy society.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Valmore Bermudez ◽  
Luis Carlos Olivar ◽  
Wheeler Torres ◽  
Carla Navarro ◽  
Robys Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11–2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51–0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.

scholarly journals Association between Cigarette Smoking Status and Composition of Gut Microbiota: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hwan Lee ◽  
Yeojun Yun ◽  
Soo Jung Kim ◽  
Eun-Ju Lee ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

There have been few large-scale studies on the relationship between smoking and gut microbiota. We investigated the relationship between smoking status and the composition of gut microbiota. This was a population-based cross-sectional study using Healthcare Screening Center cohort data. A total of 758 men were selected and divided into three groups: never (n = 288), former (n = 267), and current smokers (n = 203). Among the three groups, there was no difference in alpha diversity, however, Jaccard-based beta diversity showed significant difference (p = 0.015). Pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) tests between never and former smokers did not show a difference; however, there was significant difference between never and current smokers (p = 0.017) and between former and current smokers (p = 0.011). Weighted UniFrac-based beta diversity also showed significant difference among the three groups (p = 0.038), and pairwise PERMANOVA analysis of never and current smokers showed significant difference (p = 0.01). In the analysis of bacterial composition, current smokers had an increased proportion of the phylum Bacteroidetes with decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria compared with never smokers, whereas there were no differences between former and never smokers. In conclusion, gut microbiota composition of current smokers was significantly different from that of never smokers. Additionally, there was no difference in gut microbiota composition between never and former smokers.

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