Are serum amyloid A or D-lactate useful to diagnose synovial contamination or sepsis in horses?

Synovial sepsis in horses is life threatening and accurate diagnosis allowing prompt treatment is warranted. This study assessed the diagnostic value of serum amyloid A (SAA) and D-lactate in blood and synovial fluid (SF) as diagnostic markers of synovial sepsis in horses and correlated them with total nucleated cell count (TNCC), percentage of neutrophils (%N) and total protein (TP) in SF. Blood and SF SAA and D-lactate concentrations were determined in a case–control observational study including 112 horses (38 with synovial contamination or sepsis (SCS), 66 with non-septic intra-synovial pathology (NSISP) and 8 controls). Blood and SF SAA were significantly higher in SCS than in NSISP and control horses. SAA values were similar in NSISP and control horses. SF SAA was moderately correlated with synovial TNCC, TP and blood SAA. Blood and SF SAA were 82.4 per cent and 80 per cent sensitive and 88.9 per cent and 73 per cent specific for diagnosis of SCS, with cut-off values of 60.7 and 1.14 µg/ml, respectively. Blood and SF D-lactate concentrations were not significantly different between groups. This study shows that blood and SF SAA concentrations can aid to distinguish SCS from non-septic synovial pathology; however, D-lactate was not useful.

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Serum Amyloid A (SAA)-Related Peptide Isolated from Synovial Fluid Modulates Superoxide Production by Human Neutrophils.

Amyloid and Amyloidosis 1990 ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-3284-8_34 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 135-138

Author(s):

David Levartowsky ◽

Mordechai Pras ◽

Enid Shephard ◽

Oren Rosen ◽

Matifridkin

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Superoxide Production ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Related Peptide

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Physiotherapy protocol during initial postoperative period of arthroscopy in horses

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5655 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 2201-2206

Author(s):

Fernanda C. Stievani ◽

Thais S.L. Machado ◽

Kaio B. Bezerra ◽

Marilene M. Silva ◽

Raquel Y.A. Baccarin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Physical Examination ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Control Group ◽

Physical Analysis ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Significant Change

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of a physiotherapy protocol applied in joints with osteochondritis dissecans submitted to arthroscopy. Twelve horses totaling twenty joints were used and divided into two uniform groups, according to articular lesion grade. Treated Group (TG) received the physiotherapy protocol (cryotherapy, passive rage motion and controlled exercise) that initiate just after anesthetic recovery and extended for five days. Control Group (CG) remained resting in stall during the same period. Physical examination and synovial fluid analysis were used to evaluate the treatment. The synovial fluid examination consisted of physical analysis (color, aspect, and viscosity), mucin clot evaluation, Serum Amyloid A, Prostaglandin E2 and urea concentration. Synovial samples were collected by arthrocentesis at the beginning of the surgical procedure (D1), 48 hours (D3) and 96 hours (D5) after surgery. Before arthroscopy and daily during the postoperative period joints were evaluated by physical exam: superficial temperature (°C), range of motion (degrees) and circumference (centimeters). The joint physical examination showed no significant difference between groups and neither along the days for the same group. The parameters of synovial fluid showed difference over the moments in each group but didn’t have difference between groups. Color and aspect had the same patterns across moments, in CG fluid had significant change when compared D1 with D3 (color and aspect: p<0.001) and D5 (color: p<0.001; aspect: p<0.05) becoming mostly bloody and cloudy in D3 and D5. However in TG the difference was significant just between D1 and D3 (color and aspect: p<0.05), showing an improvement of synovial fluid in D5 (color and aspect: p>0.05). Viscosity and mucin clot evaluation showed significant change in CG between D1 and D3 (viscosity: p<0.01; mucin clot: p<0.05) and between D1 and D5 (viscosity: p<0.01;mucin clot: p<0.01). In TG no significant difference of viscosity and mucin clot was observed over the moments, showing an early improvement of synovial fluid quality. The Serum Amyloid A concentration showed an extremely significant increase in CG (p<0.001) when compared D1 (1217.13±664.47μg/mL) and D3 (42423.80±52309.31μg/mL). The comparison between D1 and D5 in CG, and across moments in TG, had no statistical difference. The PGE2 eicosanoid remained statistically unchanged all over the time. Urea showed significant increase in D3 when compared to D1 (p<0.001) in CG, and had no variation in TG. The physiotherapy protocol minimized the inflammatory mediators and provided minor alterations in synovial fluid after arthroscopy.

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Can blood serum amyloid A concentrations in horses differentiate synovial sepsis from extrasynovial inflammation and determine response to treatment?

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.105153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 187 (6) ◽

pp. 235-235

Author(s):

Matthew Sinovich ◽

Nicolas F Villarino ◽

Ellen Singer ◽

Claire S Robinson ◽

Luis M Rubio-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Time Curve ◽

Serial Blood ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Significant Difference

BackgroundSerum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in blood and synovial fluid of horses with synovial sepsis have diagnostic value. Studies suggest serial blood SAA measurements could act as a prognostic indicator. This study evaluated the use of serial blood SAA concentrations for monitoring of horses with synovial sepsis.MethodsA prospective clinical trial was performed of horses referred to a single hospital with synovial sepsis that survived (n=17), synovial sepsis that were euthanised (n=5), non-septic intrasynovial pathologies (n=14) or extensive extrasynovial lacerations (n=5). SAA concentrations were determined on admission and every 24 hours thereafter. The area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 144 hours of each group was compared by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s tests (P<0.05).ResultsSignificant difference in mean blood concentration of SAA was found between synovial sepsis that survived and non-septic pathologies in the first 48 hours, as well as between non-septic intrasynovial pathologies and non-responsive sepsis requiring euthanasia. No difference was found between extensive extrasynovial lacerations and any septic group.ConclusionsWhile serial blood SAA is useful for monitoring clinical response of intrasynovial septic pathologies, interpretation should consider other clinical findings since blood SAA is not a specific marker for synovial sepsis.

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Synovial Fluid from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Contains Sufficient Levels of IL-1β and IL-6 to Promote Production of Serum Amyloid A By HEP3B Cells

Cytokine ◽

10.1006/cyto.1995.1028 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 209-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Patricia A. McNiff ◽

Caroline Stewart ◽

James Sullivan ◽

Henry J. Showell ◽

Christopher A. Gabel

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Synovial Fluid ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Hep3b Cells

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Association between serum amyloid A levels and cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 94 (1115) ◽

pp. 499-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jielin Zhou ◽

Jie Sheng ◽

Yong Fan ◽

Xingmeng Zhu ◽

Qi Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Groups ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Mean Differences ◽

And Control

ObjectiveIncreased serum amyloid A (SAA) levels have been investigated in various human malignancies, but a consistent perspective has not been established to date. This study systematically reviewed the association between SAA levels and cancers.MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed and Embase were carefully searched for available studies. The following keywords were used in database searches: ‘serum amyloid A’, ‘SAA’, ‘cancer’, ‘tumour’, ‘carcinoma’, ‘nubble’, ‘knurl’ and ‘lump’. Pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects model analysis.ResultsTwenty studies, which contained 3682 cancer cases and 2424 healthy controls, were identified in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Our study suggested that the average SAA concentrations in the case groups were significantly higher than those in control groups (SMD 0.77, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.00, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that continent, age and cancer location were associated with SAA level differences between case groups and control groups. Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness and credibility of our results. In addition, we further stratified analyses for cancer stages and found that the concentrations of SAA increased gradually with the aggravation of cancer stages.ConclusionHigh circulating SAA levels were markedly associated with the developing risks of cancer, especially for participants from Asia, Oceania and Europe, or subject age more than 50, or locations in oesophageal squamous cell, ovarian, breast, lung, renal and gastric cancers. In addition, our study found that the concentrations of SAA increased with the severity of cancer stages.

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