Physiotherapy protocol during initial postoperative period of arthroscopy in horses

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of a physiotherapy protocol applied in joints with osteochondritis dissecans submitted to arthroscopy. Twelve horses totaling twenty joints were used and divided into two uniform groups, according to articular lesion grade. Treated Group (TG) received the physiotherapy protocol (cryotherapy, passive rage motion and controlled exercise) that initiate just after anesthetic recovery and extended for five days. Control Group (CG) remained resting in stall during the same period. Physical examination and synovial fluid analysis were used to evaluate the treatment. The synovial fluid examination consisted of physical analysis (color, aspect, and viscosity), mucin clot evaluation, Serum Amyloid A, Prostaglandin E2 and urea concentration. Synovial samples were collected by arthrocentesis at the beginning of the surgical procedure (D1), 48 hours (D3) and 96 hours (D5) after surgery. Before arthroscopy and daily during the postoperative period joints were evaluated by physical exam: superficial temperature (°C), range of motion (degrees) and circumference (centimeters). The joint physical examination showed no significant difference between groups and neither along the days for the same group. The parameters of synovial fluid showed difference over the moments in each group but didn’t have difference between groups. Color and aspect had the same patterns across moments, in CG fluid had significant change when compared D1 with D3 (color and aspect: p<0.001) and D5 (color: p<0.001; aspect: p<0.05) becoming mostly bloody and cloudy in D3 and D5. However in TG the difference was significant just between D1 and D3 (color and aspect: p<0.05), showing an improvement of synovial fluid in D5 (color and aspect: p>0.05). Viscosity and mucin clot evaluation showed significant change in CG between D1 and D3 (viscosity: p<0.01; mucin clot: p<0.05) and between D1 and D5 (viscosity: p<0.01;mucin clot: p<0.01). In TG no significant difference of viscosity and mucin clot was observed over the moments, showing an early improvement of synovial fluid quality. The Serum Amyloid A concentration showed an extremely significant increase in CG (p<0.001) when compared D1 (1217.13±664.47μg/mL) and D3 (42423.80±52309.31μg/mL). The comparison between D1 and D5 in CG, and across moments in TG, had no statistical difference. The PGE2 eicosanoid remained statistically unchanged all over the time. Urea showed significant increase in D3 when compared to D1 (p<0.001) in CG, and had no variation in TG. The physiotherapy protocol minimized the inflammatory mediators and provided minor alterations in synovial fluid after arthroscopy.

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Acute Phase Proteins (Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A) and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-12 and IL-10) in Cows Vaccinated with Prototype Killed S. aureus Mastitis Vaccine and Challenged with S. aureus Mastitis Infection.

10.21203/rs.2.20378/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Idris Umar Hambali ◽

Faez Firdaus Jesse Bin Abdallah ◽

Khaleequl rahaman Bhuttu ◽

Azmi M Lila ◽

zunita Zakaria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Bacterial Challenge ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Friesian Cows

Abstract Background The economic downturn experienced by farmers and the fear of milk borne infection are of a greater public health concern. Haptoglobin, Serum Amyloid A, IL-12 and IL-10 in lactating Friesian cows vaccinated with prototype killed S. aureus mastitis vaccine and challenged with S. aureus were evaluated. Bacterin concentration at 10 8 cfu /ml of the local isolate of S. aureus was adjuvanted with KAl(SO₄)₂. Six lactating Friesian cows were grouped into A= Negative control, B = Positive control and C = vaccine group. Group C was vaccinated intramuscularly with 2ml of the monovalent vaccine, groups A and B with physiologic normal saline. Groups B and C were later challenged with the live bacterium via intramammary route . Result There was a significant increase in IL-10 concentration in vaccinated group post primary vaccination (PPV), booster phase (PB) and during the bacterial challenge phase. There was also a significantly increased IL-12 concentration in the vaccinated group at 24 hours, weeks 1 and 2 PPV. Haptoglobin at 12 and 24 hours PPV had a significant difference in group C. During the PB at 8 and 12 hours there was a significant difference in group C. During the bacterial challenged phase at 0, 3, 24 hours and day 7 PC there was a significant difference in group B. At 8 hours PC there was a significant difference in group C. For Serum Amyloid A, during PPV at 0, 3, 8, 12, 24 hours and weeks 1 and 2, the concentrations was significantly different in groups C. During PB at 0, 3, 8 and 12 hours PB there was a significant difference in groups C. During the bacterial challenge phase at 3, 8, 12, 24 hours, days 7 and 14 PC there was a significant difference in group B. At 0 hour PC there was a significant increase observed in group C. Conclusion The developed prototype killed S. aureus mastitis vaccine using local isolates was able to stimulate acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The pattern of responses PC indicated protection, thereby suggesting that vaccination can protect against mastitis infection in dairy cows.

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Serum Amyloid A (SAA)-Related Peptide Isolated from Synovial Fluid Modulates Superoxide Production by Human Neutrophils.

Amyloid and Amyloidosis 1990 ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-3284-8_34 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 135-138

Author(s):

David Levartowsky ◽

Mordechai Pras ◽

Enid Shephard ◽

Oren Rosen ◽

Matifridkin

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Superoxide Production ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Related Peptide

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Can blood serum amyloid A concentrations in horses differentiate synovial sepsis from extrasynovial inflammation and determine response to treatment?

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.105153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 187 (6) ◽

pp. 235-235

Author(s):

Matthew Sinovich ◽

Nicolas F Villarino ◽

Ellen Singer ◽

Claire S Robinson ◽

Luis M Rubio-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Time Curve ◽

Serial Blood ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Significant Difference

BackgroundSerum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in blood and synovial fluid of horses with synovial sepsis have diagnostic value. Studies suggest serial blood SAA measurements could act as a prognostic indicator. This study evaluated the use of serial blood SAA concentrations for monitoring of horses with synovial sepsis.MethodsA prospective clinical trial was performed of horses referred to a single hospital with synovial sepsis that survived (n=17), synovial sepsis that were euthanised (n=5), non-septic intrasynovial pathologies (n=14) or extensive extrasynovial lacerations (n=5). SAA concentrations were determined on admission and every 24 hours thereafter. The area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 144 hours of each group was compared by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s tests (P<0.05).ResultsSignificant difference in mean blood concentration of SAA was found between synovial sepsis that survived and non-septic pathologies in the first 48 hours, as well as between non-septic intrasynovial pathologies and non-responsive sepsis requiring euthanasia. No difference was found between extensive extrasynovial lacerations and any septic group.ConclusionsWhile serial blood SAA is useful for monitoring clinical response of intrasynovial septic pathologies, interpretation should consider other clinical findings since blood SAA is not a specific marker for synovial sepsis.

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Synovial Fluid from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Contains Sufficient Levels of IL-1β and IL-6 to Promote Production of Serum Amyloid A By HEP3B Cells

Cytokine ◽

10.1006/cyto.1995.1028 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 209-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Patricia A. McNiff ◽

Caroline Stewart ◽

James Sullivan ◽

Henry J. Showell ◽

Christopher A. Gabel

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Synovial Fluid ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Hep3b Cells

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Detection of serum amyloid-A concentration in the calf clinically diagnosed with pneumonia, enteritis and pneumoenteritis

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150571 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 293-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mustafa Kabu ◽

Bulent Elitok ◽

Ismail Kucukkurt

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Control Group ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Concentration Measurements ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Commercial Kits

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to determine serum amyloid-A (SAA) concentration in the cases of pneumonia, pneumoenteritis, and enteritis which are frequently encountered in calves in veterinary medicine. Although a great deal of experimental studies has been conducted in this field, studies on naturally infected calves are quite few. Eighty calves at the age of 0-6 months were used in the study and the calves were divided into four groups. Due to the clinical examination, the calves diagnosed with pneumonia (Group P; n=20), with pneumoenteritis (Group PE; n=20) and with enteritis (Group E; n=20) formed the disease group as the healthy ones formed the control (Group C; n=20) group. After the body temperatures of all calves were taken, blood samples were obtained from Jugular vein for haematological and biochemical measurements. As haematological, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) measurements were performed in Veterinary Hematology Analyzer. Serum amyloid-A (SAA), interleukin 1 (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration measurements were carried out with ELISA reader by using commercial kits. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (T. Bil), total protein (TP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration measurements were conducted in autoanalyzer by using commercial kits. In all disease groups (P, PE, and E) body temperature, haematologic parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb and Hct), serum biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALB, T. Bil, TP, GGT and BUN), SAA concentration and serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) were determined to be higher in comparison to the control group (P<0.005). According to these findings, routine measurement of serum SAA concentration in veterinary medicine is considered to be beneficial in determining the severity of the disease, in selecting the proper treatment, in monitoring the applied treatment, and detecting subclinical diseases. In the light of these findings we acknowledge that routine measurements of serum SAA concentration from the moment the calves are diagnosed with pneumonia, enteritis and pneumoenteritis in veterinary medicine until the actual cause is determined (bacteria, virus, parasites, etc.) would avail the clinician to, identify the severity of the disease, select the appropriate treatment and monitor the effectiveness of the treatment.

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Abstract 388: Impact of Individual Acute Phase Serum Amyloid A Isoforms on HDL Metabolism in Mice

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.388 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria C De Beer ◽

Myung-Hee Kim ◽

Joanne M Wroblewski ◽

Richard C Charnigo ◽

Ailing Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Plasma Clearance ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Acute Phase Reactant ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Minor Role ◽

Clearance Rates ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Significant Difference

The acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA) is an HDL apolipoprotein that exhibits biological activities as a pro-inflammatory mediator, but its physiological function(s) are poorly understood. Possible functional differences between SAA1.1 and SAA2.1, the two major SAA isoforms, are also unclear. Mice deficient in either SAA1.1 or SAA2.1 were used to investigate SAA isoform plasma clearance rates and effects on HDL structure, composition and apolipoprotein catabolism. The absence of either isoform did not affect the size of the normally enlarged HDL found in acute phase wild type mice, and did not result in significant changes in HDL lipid composition. Plasma clearance rates of normal and acute phase HDL apolipoproteins were determined using native HDL particles. The fractional clearance rates (FCR’s) of apoA-I, apoA-II and SAA were distinct, indicating that neither normal nor acute phase particles are cleared as intact particles. No significant difference was found between the FCR’s of SAA1.1 and SAA2.1 in acute phase mice, suggesting that the selective deposition of SAA1.1 observed in amyloid plaques is not associated with a difference in the rates of plasma clearance of the isoforms. In the absence of the HDL receptor SR-BI, the clearance rate of SAA was reduced by about 30% and remained significantly greater compared to that of apoA-I and apoA-II, indicating a relatively minor role of SR-BI in SAA clearance. These studies contribute to our understanding of the metabolism of SAA and its effects on acute phase HDL composition and catabolism.

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Serum Amyloid A Level in Women with Unexplained Infertility

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab115.039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa Ibrahim ◽

Hayam Fathy Mohammad ◽

Nashwa Nagy el-Khazragy ◽

Zeinab Saad Abd El wahab

Keyword(s):

Research Group ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Research Study ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Unexplained Infertility ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Process ◽

Amyloid A

Abstract Background By various molecular and cellular research efforts it was displayed that folliculogenesis, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation is considered as an inflammatory processes that hav raised the research interest to investigate that serum amyloid A as an inflammatory mediator to reveal its possible role in infertility. Objective This study aims to assess the association between SAA and unexplained infertility in women. Methods The current research study have been conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital during the period from September 2018 to April 2019. Women approached were recruited from outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. The recruited 90 research study subjects have been divided into two research groups Results Serum amyloid A was statistically significantly higher among the unexplained research group versus control group (SAA had excellent discriminative value with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.992 (95% CI = 0.945 to 1.000, Pvalue <0.0001). A best cutoff criterion is SAA of 28.7 mg/l (sensitivity = 98%, specificity = 96%, J-index = 0.93)) denoting that amyloid A as an acute phase inflammatory modulator is higher among the unexplained research group reflecting a form of chronic inflammatory process in those category of cases. Analytical research results of multivariable binary logistic regression analysis as regards the correlation between SAA and unexplained infertility after adjustment for age and BMI, it was revealed that serum amyloid A an independent predictor for unexplained infertility. Conclusion s: Serum amyloid A as a biomarker for could be implemented as a predictability tool for unexplained infertility since it is a reflector of an chronic inflammatory process that is ongoing that could affect the process of implantation and ovulation however the clear molecular and cellular processes linked to the pathophysiological process that reflects the fertility hindering process should be implemented in future research efforts taking in consideration to have multicentric fashion of research with larger sample sizes to verify the value of serum amyloid A as biomarker that reflects the fertility potential besides the routine infertility work up.

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