Use of the relationship between blood lactate and running speed to determine the exercise intensity of horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guhl ◽  
A. Lindner ◽  
P. von Wittke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
The Relationship

Relationship of potassium ions and blood lactate to ventilation during exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
Robert G. McMurray ◽  
Matthew S. Tenan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Ventilatory Control ◽  
Volitional Fatigue ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recent Attention

Ventilatory control during exercise is a complex network of neural and humoral signals. One humoral input that has received little recent attention in the exercise literature is potassium ions [K+]. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between [K+] and ventilation during an incremental cycle test and to determine if the relationship between [K+] and ventilation differs when blood lactate [lac–] is manipulated. Eight experienced triathletes (4 of each sex) completed 2 incremental, progressive (5-min stages) cycle tests to volitional fatigue: 1 with normal glycogen stores and 1 with reduced glycogen. Minute ventilation was measured during the final minute of each stage, and blood [lac–] and [K+] were measured at the end of each exercise stage. Minute ventilation and [K+] increased with exercise intensity and were similar between trials (p > 0.5), despite lower [lac–] during the reduced-glycogen trial. The concordance correlations (Rc) between [lac–] and minute ventilation were stronger for both trials (Rc = ~0.88–0.96), but the slopes of the relationships were different than the relationships between [K+] and minute ventilation (Rc = ~0.76–0.89). The slope of the relationship between [lac–] and minute ventilation was not as steep during the reduced-glycogen trial, compared with the normal trial (p = 0.002). Conversely, the slope of the relationships between [K+] and minute ventilation did not change between trials (p = 0.454). The consistent relationship of minute ventilation and blood [K+] during exercise suggests a role for this ion in the control of ventilation during exercise. Conversely, the inconsistent relationship between blood lactate and ventilation brings into question the importance of the relationship between lactate and ventilation during exercise.

Determination of the anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Conconi ◽  
M. Ferrari ◽  
P. G. Ziglio ◽  
P. Droghetti ◽  
L. Codeca
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between running speed (RS) and heart rate (HR) was determined in 210 runners. On a 400-m track the athletes ran continuously from an initial velocity of 12–14 km/h to submaximal velocities varying according to the athlete's capability. The HRs were determined through ECG. In all athletes examined, a deflection from the expected linearity of the RS-HR relationship was observed at submaximal RS. The test-retest correlation for the velocities at which this deflection from linearity occurred (Vd) determined in 26 athletes was 0.99. The velocity at the anaerobic threshold (AT), established by means of blood lactate measurements, and Vd were coincident in 10 runners. The correlation between Vd and average running speed (mean RS) in competition was 0.93 in the 5,000 m (mean Vd = 19.13 +/- 1.08 km/h; mean RS = 20.25 +/- 1.15 km/h), 0.95 in the marathon (mean Vd = 18.85 +/- 1.15 km/h; mean RS = 17.40 +/- 1.14 km/h), and 0.99 in the 1-h race (mean Vd = 18.70 +/- 0.98 km/h; mean RS = 18.65 +/- 0.92 km/h), thus showing that AT is critical in determining the running pace in aerobic competitive events.

scholarly journals Performance Diagnostic in Cross-Country Skiing

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt A. Gasser ◽  
Hans H. Hoppeler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPurpose. Recreational cross-country skiers can benefit from a performance diagnostic when planning a training program. The aim of this study was to establish a simple test protocol to measure endurance capacity and provide training recommendations. Methods. The relationship between endurance performance and cross-country skiing technique was assessed using two tests. First, a lactate threshold test whereby running speed was determined on a treadmill at 4 mmol/l blood lactate concentration. Second, participants completed a variation of the Cooper test using skating technique on flat terrain to determine the distance covered in 12 min and maximum heart rate. Results. There was a correlative (r = 0.18 respectivelly R2 = 0.43) relationship of between the distance covered in the Cooper test and treadmill running speed at 4 mmol/l blood lactate concentration. Conclusions. The two tests allow recreational athletes to rank themselves with regards to their endurance capacity within a population. The relationship between distance covered and maximum heart rate can indicate whether future training should focus on technical or physical improvement.

Glycogenolytic rates and cAMP in livers of rats running at different treadmill speeds

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. R353-R356
Author(s):  
W. W. Winder ◽  
M. A. Beattie ◽  
E. O. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Camp Concentration ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Camp Levels ◽  
Liver Glycogenolysis

The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of different work rates on the rate of liver glycogenolysis and to determine the relationship between liver adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the glycogenolytic rate. Rats were run at treadmill speeds ranging from 10 to 34 m/min up a 15% grade for either 30 or 60 min. Both the magnitude of the decrease in liver glycogen and the increase in hepatic cAMP were dependent on the running speed and the duration of running. At the highest work rate a disproportionate acceleration in the liver glycogenolytic rate was observed compared with that at lower work loads, thus resulting in a curvilinear relationship between work rate and liver glycogenolytic rate. A high degree of correlation was found between the liver glycogenolytic rate and hepatic cAMP concentration (r = 0.98). This observation is consistent with the idea that hepatic glycogenolytic rates are determined by cAMP-mediated mechanisms.

scholarly journals Exercise intensity during official soccer matches

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barbosa Coelho ◽  
Rodney Coelho da Paixão ◽  
Emerson Cruz de Oliveira ◽  
Lenice Kappes Becker ◽  
João Batista Ferreira-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
In The Beginning

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p621 The aims of the study were: 1) to analyze the exercise intensity in several phases (six phases of 15 min) of soccer matches; 2) to compare the match time spent above anaerobic threshold (AT) between different age groups (U-17 and U-20); and 3) to compare the match time spent above AT between players’ positions (backs, midfielders, forwards and wingabcks). Forty-four male soccer players were analyzed. To express players’ effort, the heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored in 29 official matches. Further, HR corresponding to the intensity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) was obtained in a field test. The highest exercise intensity during match was observed in the 15-30 min period of the first half (p< 0.05). Match time spent above AT was not different between players from U-17 and U-20. In the comparison among players’ positions, wingbacks showed lower time above AT (p< 0.05) than players of other positions. The intensity of effort is higher in the 15 to 30 minutes of play (intermediate phase), probably because the players are more rested in the beginning and wearing out is progressive throughout the game. It is also noteworthy that the intensity of exercise (HR and time above AT) of wingbacks was lower, probably because they usually are required to run a larger number of sprints and need more time below the AT to recover. 

Threshold for muscle lactate accumulation during progressive exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2710-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chwalbinska-Moneta ◽  
R. A. Robergs ◽  
D. L. Costill ◽  
W. J. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle and blood lactate concentrations during progressive exercise. Seven endurance-trained male college students performed three incremental bicycle ergometer exercise tests. The first two tests (tests I and II) were identical and consisted of 3-min stage durations with 2-min rest intervals and increased by 50-W increments until exhaustion. During these tests, blood was sampled from a hyperemized earlobe for lactate and pH measurement (and from an antecubital vein during test I), and the exercise intensities corresponding to the lactate threshold (LT), individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) were determined. The test III was performed at predetermined work loads (50 W below OBLA, at OBLA, and 50 W above OBLA), with the same stage and rest interval durations of tests I and II. Muscle biopsies for lactate and pH determination were taken at rest and immediately after the completion of the three exercise intensities. Blood samples were drawn simultaneously with each biopsy. Muscle lactate concentrations increased abruptly at exercise intensities greater than the “below-OBLA” stage [50.5% maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max)] and resembled a threshold. An increase in blood lactate and [H+] also occurred at the below-OBLA stage; however, no significant change in muscle [H+] was observed. Muscle lactate concentrations were highly correlated to blood lactate (r = 0.91), and muscle-to-blood lactate ratios at below-OBLA, at-OBLA, and above-OBLA stages were 0.74, 0.63, 0.96, and 0.95, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Locomotion in Burrowing and Vagrant Wolf Spiders (Lycosidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. WARD ◽  
W. F. HUMPHREYS
Keyword(s):  
Wolf Spider ◽  
The Body ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Phase Lags ◽  
The Relationship

Locomotion in the vagrant wolf spider Trochosa ruricola is compared to that in the burrow dwelling wolf spider Lycosa tarentula (Araneae: Lycosidae). L. tarentula takes relatively shorter steps than T. ruricola. At high speeds T. ruricola approximates an alternating tetrapod gait but this does not occur in L. tarentula. Phase lag differs between species and varies marginally with speed except for ipsilateral phase lags in L. tarentula which are erratic if they include leg 1. In both species the protraction/retraction ratio is directly related to both running speed and stepping frequency, but the relationship is more marked in L. tarentula. The protraction/retraction ratio is more variable in leg 1 and varies between legs along the body but by a greater amount in L. tarentula. In these spiders, in contrast to the situation in many insects, both the duration of protraction and retraction show marked inverse relationships to stepping frequency. The power stroke (retraction) occupies a variable proportion of the stepping cycle, which is not the case in other spiders, and this proportion is lower than for other spiders. It is suggested that the first pair of legs is used more for sensory than for locomotory purpose and that this is more marked in the burrow dwelling species, L. tarentula.

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