Sur l'organisation phytochimique de formations prairiales permanentes

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lebreton ◽  
Bernard Jeangros ◽  
Christiane Gallet ◽  
Jan Scehovic
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Herbaceous Community ◽  
Food Value

Organic and mineral components have been analysed on 18 dicotyledonous species of permanent grassland communities. Multivariate analysis revealed an opposition between a macromolecular pool (cellulose and lignin) and a nutrient pool (potassium and phosphorus, nitrogen). The first pole is characterized by Tragopogon pratensis L. (Compositae) and Galium mollugo L. (Rubiaceae), the second by Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. (Umbelliferae) and Geranium sylvaticum L. (Geraniaceae). The most thermo-helio-xerophilous species (Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult and Tragopogon pratensis) belong to the first group, whereas the second group includes the cool-environment species (like Alchemilla xanthochlora Roth.), which reveals an ecophysiological determinism. Moreover, correlations between the biochemical and ecological structure, and other interrelated parameters, including sclerophylly, have been shown. Compared to lignous and sempervirent plant communities, the grassland species have lower phenolic and lignin contents but higher glucide and nutrient (potassium and phosphorus) contents, which is in accordance with their food value. For this herbaceous community, the C/N ratio indicates the same general equilibrium between cell-wall macromolecules and nitrogen than for two other plant communities (mainly ligneous) previously studied, with some differences revealing distinct trends from the same general metabolic sheme.Key words: dicotyledonous plant communities, biochemical organization, C/N ratio, ecophysiology.

scholarly journals A phytosociological analysis and synopsis of the dry woodlands and succulent vegetation of the Peruvian Andes

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO GALÁN-DE-MERA ◽  
ISIDORO SÁNCHEZ-VEGA ◽  
ELIANA LINARES-PEREA ◽  
JOSÉ CAMPOS ◽  
JUAN MONTOYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Coastal Desert

ABSTRACT A phytosociological approach to dry forest and cactus communities on the occidental slopes of the Peruvian Andes is presented in base of 164 plots carried out following the Braun-Blanquet method. From them, 52 have been made recently, and the other 112 were taken from the literature. After a multivariate analysis, using a hierarchical clustering and a detendred correspondence analysis, the Acacio-Prosopidetea class (dry forest and cactus communities, developed on soils with some edaphic humidity or precipitations derived from El Niño Current), the Opuntietea sphaericae class (cactus communities of central and southern Peru, on few stabilized rocky or sandy soils) and the Carico-Caesalpinietea class (dry forests of the Peruvian coastal desert, influenced by the maritime humidity of the cold Humboldt Current), are differentiated. Within the Acacio-Prosopidetea class, two alliances are commented: the Bursero-Prosopidion pallidae (with two new associations Loxopterygio huasanginis-Neoraimondietum arequipensis and Crotono ruiziani-Acacietum macracanthae), and the new alliance Baccharido-Jacarandion acutifoliae (with the new associations Armatocereo balsasensis-Cercidietum praecocis and Diplopterydo leiocarpae-Acacietum macracanthae). For the Opuntietea sphaericae class, the association Haageocereo versicoloris-Armatocereetum proceri (Espostoo-Neoraimondion) is described on the basis of plots from hyperarid localities of central Peru. Finally, a typological classification of the studied plant communities is given.

A Quantitative Study of Soil-Plant Relations in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Fergusson ◽  
AJ Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

The soil and plants at a 27.4 ha field site near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, were surveyed and analysed with multivariate statistics. Cluster analysis identified four distinct plant communities at the study site. These were: Acacia acuminata shrubland Eucalyptus gvfithsii woodland Eucalyptus salrnonophloia woodland 'Ground Covers' - areas characterised by the presence of generalist herbs, low shrubs and weeds, and the absence of dominant upper storey species. Discriminant function analysis identified site elevation and soil exchangeable Ca as the primary environmental discriminants between the plant communities. Using these two variables, sample points were classified into one of the four plant communities. The two methods of classification matched well, with classification based on the two environmental variables providing an indication of which plant community would be most likely to establish in disturbed areas. This type of information can be important to revegetation programs in the region, guiding the use of appropriate plant species under different rehabilitation conditions. Key wcrds: environmental variables, plant communities, multivariate analysis, classification, revegetation

Influence de perturbations anthropiques sur la composition et la diversité botanique des pelouses calcicoles de la vallée de la Seine en Haute-Normandie (France)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dutoit ◽  
P Roche ◽  
D Alard
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Ecological Gradient ◽  
Seine River ◽  
Shannon’S Index ◽  
Geographic Position ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of two types of anthropic disturbances (reaping and plowing) were followed over 3 years, on four calcicolous meadows of the Seine valley (Haute-Normandie) in France, using the quadrat points method. Multivariate analysis performed on the overall data show that compositions and structures of the different plant communities are mainly influenced by the site geographic position along an ecological gradient developing from the Seine river estuary toward the uppper stream of the river. Over the 3 years of observation, a significant increase of the species diversity (Shannon's index) and richness was observed in the reaped plots compared with the plots that were abandoned after disturbances. However, there was no significant difference between the two treatments in the species diversity as well as richness. Results are discussed in view of conservative management of calcicolous meadows, since these seminatural ecosystems are especially threatened in Western Europe.Key words: calcicolous meadows, disturbances, species diversity and richness, conservation, Haute-Normandie, France.[Journal translation]

scholarly journals Plant Diversity and Agroecosystem Function in Riparian Agroforests: Providing Ecosystem Services and Land-Use Transition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serra W. Buchanan ◽  
Megan Baskerville ◽  
Maren Oelbermann ◽  
Andrew M. Gordon ◽  
Naresh V. Thevathasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Riparian Systems ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
Herbaceous Community

Achieving biologically diverse agricultural systems requires a commitment to changes in land use. While in-field agrobiodiversity is a critical route to such a transition, riparian systems remain an important, yet understudied, pathway to achieve key diversity and ecosystem services and targets. Notably, at the interface of agricultural landscapes and aquatic systems, the diversification of riparian buffers with trees reduces the non-point source pollution in waterways. However, in riparian agroforestry systems, little is known about herbaceous community patterns and, importantly, the herbaceous community’s role in governing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Our study investigated herbaceous community taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity patterns in riparian (i) grasslands (GRASSLAND), (ii) rehabilitated agroforests (AGROFOREST-REHAB), and (iii) remnant forests (AGROFOREST-NATURAL). We then determined the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships between community functional diversity metrics, C and N cycling, and greenhouse gas fluxes. We observed significant differences in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity among riparian buffer types. We found that herbaceous plant communities in riparian agroforestry systems expressed plant trait syndromes associated with fast-growing, resource acquiring strategies, while grassland buffer plants exhibited slow-growing, resource conserving strategies. Herbaceous communities with high functional diversity and resource acquiring trait syndromes, such as those in the agroforestry riparian systems, were significantly correlated with lower rates of soil CO2 efflux and N mineralization, both of which are key fluxes related to ecosystem service delivery. Our findings provide further evidence that functionally diverse, and not necessarily taxonomically diverse, plant communities are strongly correlated to positive ecosystem processes in riparian agroforestry systems, and that these communities contribute to the transition of agricultural lands toward biologically and functionally diverse landscapes.

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