Genetic diversity of bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) in the Thompson River valley of British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1122-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Bi Fu ◽  
Don Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pseudoroegneria Spicata ◽  
Bluebunch Wheatgrass

Bluebunch wheatgrass ( Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Löve) is a cool-season perennial grass native to semi-arid regions of western North America and has been used for habitat restoration. However, the genetic diversity of this species is poorly understood. A total of 172 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (eSSR) primer pairs that had been developed for wheat were characterized for genetic diversity studies of bluebunch wheatgrass. Of these, 12 eSSR primer pairs were found to be informative and were applied to screen 216 plants collected from six locations with two different elevations in the Thompson River valley of British Columbia. These analyses revealed a total of 106 eSSR polymorphic alleles (or bands) scorable for each sample. The number of polymorphic bands per primer pair ranged from 2 to 17 with a mean of 8.8. The frequencies of these bands ranged from 0.005 to 0.995 and averaged 0.146. Most (92.6%) of the eSSR variation detected was present within the 12 populations assessed. The between-population eSSR variability was significantly associated with their geographic distances, but not with their elevations. These findings are useful for genetic diversity and genetic mapping studies of this grass species and should facilitate the sampling and development of bluebunch wheatgrass germplasm for germplasm conservation and habitat restoration.

Genetic diversity of fringed brome (Bromus ciliatus) as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1322-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Bi Fu ◽  
Bruce E. Coulman ◽  
Yasas S.N. Ferdinandez ◽  
Jacques Cayouette ◽  
Paul M. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Geographic Origins

Fringed brome ( Bromus ciliatus L.) is found in native stands throughout a large area of North America. Little is known about the genetic diversity of this species. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was applied to assess the genetic diversity of 16 fringed brome populations sampled in Canada from the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Four AFLP primer pairs were employed to screen 82 samples with four to six samples per population and 83 polymorphic AFLP bands scored for each sample. The frequencies of the scored bands in all assayed samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.99 and averaged 0.53. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 52.6% of the total AFLP variation resided among the 16 populations and 20.6% among the four provinces. The five Quebec populations appeared to be genetically the most diverse and distinct. The AFLP variability observed was significantly associated with the geographic origins of the fringed brome populations. These findings are useful for sampling fringed brome germplasm from natural populations for germplasm conservation and should facilitate the development of genetically diverse regional cultivars for habitat restoration and revegetation.

scholarly journals Strong Genetic Structure Observed in Primulina danxiaensis, a Small Herb Endemic to Mount Danxia With Extremely Small Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufang Chen ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Zaixiong Chen ◽  
Wenbo Liao ◽  
Qiang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Unique Type

Danxia landform occurring sporadically in southern China is a unique type of petrographic geomorphology. It has nurtured about 400 rare or threatened plant and animal species, whose diversity, endemism, and conservation have called increasing scientific and public attentions. Among them, Primulina danxiaensis (W. B. Liao, S. S. Lin, and R. J. Shen) W. B. Liao and K. F. Chung is a tiny perennial grass species recorded only in Mount Danxia, a natural World Heritage Site as part of China’s Danxia. In this study, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was performed to investigate genetic diversity among these 12 populations of P. danxiaensis. A total of 432,041 variant sites were detected in 84,779 loci across 94 samples. The expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.017 to 0.139. Bottleneck signals were detected in most populations, Tajima’s D tests showed that most loci could be under recent positive selection, and one of the six positively selected loci identified by BayeScan was annotated as tRNAGlu, which may contribute to the species’ adaptation to shady environment. STRUCTURE analysis and phylogenetic tree showed that the 12 populations of P. danxiaensis could be divided into four gene pools (clades) corresponding to their geographic locations, and significant correlation was observed between genetic and geographic distances. Our study demonstrated that P. danxiaensis maintained a middle level of genetic diversity and strong population structure; geographic distance could be an important factor limiting gene flow among populations of P. danxiaensis, which were only sporadically recorded in Mount Danxia.

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for Elymus, Pseudoroegneria and Pascopyrum species (Triticeae: Gramineae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Mott ◽  
S. R. Larson ◽  
B. S. Bushman
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
North American ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence

The Triticeae tribe (Poaceae) includes several important cereal crops, cultivated forages, annual and perennial grass weeds and ecologically diverse native North American grasses. Elymus L. is the largest and most complex genus in the Triticeae tribe with approximately 150 polyploid perennial grass species occurring worldwide. The genomic constitutions of approximately 40% of the Elymus species are unknown. Molecular markers are needed to facilitate genetic analysis of diversity and functional traits in these species. We have developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for use in Elymus based on Elymus expressed sequence tag sequences. To test the polymorphic content and transferability of these SSRs, 100 SSR primer pairs were tested on 84 plants representing seven North American Elymus, Pseudoroegneria and Pascopyrum species. The number of bands produced from each of the SSRs ranged from 1 to 11 with an average of 4.3 bands/SSR. A subset of the 23 most polymorphic SSRs produced 142 bands, an average of 6.2 bands/SSR. Binary data from the 100 SSRs successfully separated all individuals into their respective accessions in a neighbour-joining phylogram with a 100% confidence interval. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 29.9% of the total variation was within and 70.1% was among the accessions. These SSRs will be a useful tool for investigating genetic diversity, genome constitutions and molecular mapping in Elymus and other Triticeae grasses.

scholarly journals Reconnecting Amphibian Habitat through Small Pond Construction and Enhancement, South Okanagan River Valley, British Columbia, Canada

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ashpole ◽  
Christine Bishop ◽  
Stephen Murphy
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Species Recovery ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Wetland Habitat ◽  
Pacific Treefrog

The arid south Okanagan River Valley, British Columbia is a highly-modified landscape; where wetland and riparian habitat loss exceeds 85%, and 88% of remaining wetlands experience at least one harmful anthropogenic stressor. This multi-stressor landscape for amphibian species at risk led to a collaborative stakeholder approach for habitat restoration and species recovery. The main project goal was to increase the quantity and quality of lowland wetland habitat by reconnecting known amphibian-breeding sites with constructed and/or enhanced small ponds. Long-term amphibian monitoring data were used to determine strategic locations for wetland construction and/or enhancement. Habitat enhancement outcomes (Ntotal = 21 sites) since 2006 include 10 newly constructed ponds, enhancement of eight re-contoured ponds after historic infilling, and invasive predatory species removal at three sites. Project ponds were monitored annually (2007 to 2014) for calling frogs, the presence of eggs, and metamorphic emergence. Early signs of colonization and metamorphic success for Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana) (N = 13 sites) and Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) (N = 7 sites) populations have been observed, however no records of Blotched tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) colonization has been detected. Wetland habitat construction and enhancement have doubled the number of available fishless ponds to support breeding within the study area and engaged landowners through voluntary stewardship. Whether constructed or enhanced ponds have aided species recovery is unclear, though the colonization and successful metamorphosis of some species provides early supporting evidence that it will.

Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland in GBS 20:314 - An exceptionally important perennial grass for anatomy and indigenous practice.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4958
Author(s):  
Dulal De
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stem Anatomy

Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland, a robust rhizomatous perennial grass spreads on moist and swampy land and also floating in water. Being a grass species, they do not have any cambium for secondary growth. A peculiarity in stem anatomy especially the spongy pith of secondary tissues found in absence of the cambium. The origin and development of the parenchymatous pith tissues has been investigated in the present study. Economically this spongy pith is of very much potent for its high absorbing and filtering capacity and also used as a good fodder.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Landraces and Improved Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Taiwan

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-ling Hour ◽  
Wei-hsun Hsieh ◽  
Su-huang Chang ◽  
Yong-pei Wu ◽  
Han-shiuan Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Breeding Goals

Abstract Background Rice, the most important crop in Asia, has been cultivated in Taiwan for more than 5000 years. The landraces preserved by indigenous peoples and brought by immigrants from China hundreds of years ago exhibit large variation in morphology, implying that they comprise rich genetic resources. Breeding goals according to the preferences of farmers, consumers and government policies also alter gene pools and genetic diversity of improved varieties. To unveil how genetic diversity is affected by natural, farmers’, and breeders’ selections is crucial for germplasm conservation and crop improvement. Results A diversity panel of 148 rice accessions, including 47 cultivars and 59 landraces from Taiwan and 42 accessions from other countries, were genotyped by using 75 molecular markers that revealed an average of 12.7 alleles per locus with mean polymorphism information content of 0.72. These accessions could be grouped into five subpopulations corresponding to wild rice, japonica landraces, indica landraces, indica cultivars, and japonica cultivars. The genetic diversity within subpopulations was: wild rices > landraces > cultivars; and indica rice > japonica rice. Despite having less variation among cultivars, japonica landraces had greater genetic variation than indica landraces because the majority of Taiwanese japonica landraces preserved by indigenous peoples were classified as tropical japonica. Two major clusters of indica landraces were formed by phylogenetic analysis, in accordance with immigration from two origins. Genetic erosion had occurred in later japonica varieties due to a narrow selection of germplasm being incorporated into breeding programs for premium grain quality. Genetic differentiation between early and late cultivars was significant in japonica (FST = 0.3751) but not in indica (FST = 0.0045), indicating effects of different breeding goals on modern germplasm. Indigenous landraces with unique intermediate and admixed genetic backgrounds were untapped, representing valuable resources for rice breeding. Conclusions The genetic diversity of improved rice varieties has been substantially shaped by breeding goals, leading to differentiation between indica and japonica cultivars. Taiwanese landraces with different origins possess various and unique genetic backgrounds. Taiwanese rice germplasm provides diverse genetic variation for association mapping to unveil useful genes and is a precious genetic reservoir for rice improvement.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Prunus armeniaca L. revealed by chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Wen Li ◽  
Li-Qiang Liu ◽  
Qiu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Wei-Quan Zhou ◽  
Guo-Quan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Glacial Refugium ◽  
Ili River Valley ◽  
Wild Apricot

AbstractTo clarify the phytogeography of Prunus armeniaca L., two chloroplast DNA fragments (trnL-trnF and ycf1) and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were employed to assess genetic variation across 12 P. armeniaca populations. The results of cpDNA and ITS sequence data analysis showed a high the level of genetic diversity (cpDNA: HT = 0.499; ITS: HT = 0.876) and a low level of genetic differentiation (cpDNA: FST = 0.1628; ITS: FST = 0.0297) in P. armeniaca. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic variation in P. armeniaca occurred among individuals within populations. The value of interpopulation differentiation (NST) was significantly higher than the number of substitution types (GST), indicating genealogical structure in P. armeniaca. P. armeniaca shared genotypes with related species and may be associated with them through continuous and extensive gene flow. The haplotypes/genotypes of cultivated apricot populations in Xinjiang, North China, and foreign apricot populations were mixed with large numbers of haplotypes/genotypes of wild apricot populations from the Ili River Valley. The wild apricot populations in the Ili River Valley contained the ancestral haplotypes/genotypes with the highest genetic diversity and were located in an area considered a potential glacial refugium for P. armeniaca. Since population expansion occurred 16.53 kyr ago, the area has provided a suitable climate for the population and protected the genetic diversity of P. armeniaca.

scholarly journals All Populations Matter: Conservation Genomics of Australia’s Iconic Purple Wattle, Acacia purpureopetala

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Marlien M. van der Merwe ◽  
Jia-Yee S. Yap ◽  
Peter D. Wilson ◽  
Helen T. Murphy ◽  
Andrew Ford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Conservation Genomics ◽  
Modelling Framework

Maximising genetic diversity in conservation efforts can help to increase the chances of survival of a species amidst the turbulence of the anthropogenic age. Here, we define the distribution and extent of genomic diversity across the range of the iconic but threatened Acacia purpureopetala, a beautiful sprawling shrub with mauve flowers, restricted to a few disjunct populations in far north Queensland, Australia. Seed production is poor and germination sporadic, but the species occurs in abundance at some field sites. While several thousands of SNP markers were recovered, comparable to other Acacia species, very low levels of heterozygosity and allelic variation suggested inbreeding. Limited dispersal most likely contributed towards the high levels of divergence amongst field sites and, using a generalised dissimilarity modelling framework amongst environmental, spatial and floristic data, spatial distance was found to be the strongest factor explaining the current distribution of genetic diversity. We illustrate how population genomic data can be utilised to design a collecting strategy for a germplasm conservation collection that optimises genetic diversity. For this species, inclusion of all field sites will capture maximum genetic diversity for both in situ and ex situ conservation. Assisted cross pollination, within and between field sites and genetically structured groups, is recommended to enhance heterozygosity particularly at the most disjunct sites and further fragmentation should be discouraged to avoid loss of genetic connectivity.

scholarly journals Landslides in weakly cemented glaciolacustrine sediments, Morkill River valley, British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey R Froese ◽  
David M Cruden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Frost Action ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Freeze And Thaw ◽  
Calcite Cement ◽  
The Relationship

Slopes in weakly cemented glaciolacustrine sediments in the Morkill River valley in the Canadian Rocky Mountains stand at up to 70°. Based on field and laboratory observations it appears that a contributing factor to instability is the softening of the soils by frost action and the leaching of calcite cement. Field density profiles demonstrated increased density and carbonate content with an increase in depth. Laboratory tests of carbonate content indicated a positive correlation between calcium carbonate and density in the glaciolacustrine sediments. The relationship was strongest in sands, in which leaching and dissolution were important components of softening. In clays, frost action was the dominant component of softening. Freeze-thaw tests showed a 50% decrease in strength after one cycle of freeze and thaw in the silts and clays.Key words: landslide, cemented, glaciolacustrine sediments, British Columbia.

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