Do low-ethylene-producing transgenic canola (Brassica napus) plants expressing the ACC deaminase gene differ from wild-type plants in response to UVB radiation?

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirwais M. Qaderi ◽  
M. Anisul Islam ◽  
David M. Reid ◽  
Saleh Shah
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ethylene Evolution

Few studies have considered ethylene involvement in plant responses to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation. We studied the responses to UVB radiation of one wild-type (WT, ‘Westar’) canola (Brassica napus L.) with normal ethylene evolution and two transgenic (C1, C2) lines with lower ethylene evolution. Canola plants were grown under biologically effective levels of UVB (UVBBE) radiation: 0.03 (low), 4.88 (medium), and 9.78 (high) kJ·m–2·d–1 in controlled-environment growth chambers. The growth and physiological parameters of the plants were measured. Of the two transgenic lines, C1 demonstrated higher ethylene evolution than C2 but lower than WT. The lowest aboveground and belowground biomass was found with exposure to high UVB radiation. WT produced more biomass than C2. Net CO2 assimilation and transpiration did not vary among plant lines or UVB treatments. Water-use efficiency was lower under high UVB radiation than under low UVB. The quantum yield of photosystem II was higher for C2 than for either WT or C1. WT did not differ from transgenic plants in respect to photosynthetic pigments and UV-screening compounds. Photosynthetic pigment concentration decreased, but concentration of UV-screening compounds, thickness of epicuticular wax, and the rate of root hydraulic conductance were increased by exposure to UVB radiation. While there appears to be a lack of ethylene involvement in some of the measured physiological parameters, the transgenic plants exhibited differential sensitivity to UVB in a few key measured parameters.

Flavonoids and UV Photoprotection in Arabidopsis Mutants

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken G Ryan ◽  
Ewald E Swinny ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Kenneth R Markham
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

AbstractWild-type Arabidopsis L. leaves exposed to low ultraviolet-B (U V B ) conditions contained predominantly kaempferol glycosides, with low levels of quercetin glycosides. The flavonoid level doubled on treatment with UVB and an increase in the ratio of quercetin: kaempferol was observed. These results suggest that flavonols protect Arabidopsis plants from UVB damage, and indicate that the flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H) enzyme, which converts dihydrokaempferol to dihydroquercetin, may play a crucial role. The tt7 mutant lacks this gene and, after treatment with sub-ambient UVB, contained kaempferol glycosides exclusively, to a level of total flavonols similar to that in wild-type Arabidopsis. Total flavonols after enhanced UVB treatment were higher in tt7 than in similarly treated wild-type plants, and only kaempferol glycosides were detected. Despite this high level, tt7 plants were less tolerant of UVB radiation than wild-type plants. These observations suggests that kaempferol is a less effective photoprotectant than quercetin. The chalcone isomerase (CHI) mutant (tt5) surprisingly did not accumulate naringenin chalcone, and this suggests that the mutation may not be restricted to the CHI gene alone. The concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives did not change with UVB treatment in most varieties indicating that their role in UV photoprotection may be subordinate to that of the flavonoids.

Enhancing Biosynthesis of Flavonol Protective Biomaterials Using FLS Transgenic Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Darin Dangrit ◽  
Kanokporn Sompornpailin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Flavonoid Synthesis ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Tissue Culture Condition

Flavonol synthase (FLS) gene encodes an enzyme that is involved in conversion substrates into flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol. These substances are a subgroup of flavonoids which have an important role in both plant and human health. Many environmental factors such as temperature, pH and UV-A radiation have been studied and presented relationship with flavonoid synthesis. In this experiment, the combination of visible and UV-A lights was used as factors for elevating flavonoid biosynthesis of wild type (WT) plant and two lines of FLS transgenic plant under tissue culture condition. Both transgenic lines significantly enhanced the accumulation of quercetin and kaempferol substances nearly one fold higher than WT plant did. The photosynthetic pigment levels of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoid in transgenic lines are in the range 45.20-46.88, 16.34-17.04 and 13.63-13.46, while those of WT plants are 35.93, 13.18 and 10.55 (µg/g FW), respectively. Therefore, FLS transgenic plants containing high flavonol content showed a better in the protection photosynthetic pigments by less reductions of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments.

scholarly journals The study on inheritance pattern, phenotype and nutritional analysis of atgrf2 transgenic rapeseed (brassica napus. L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Uranjargal B ◽  
Enkhchimeg V
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Transgenic Rapeseed

The rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the third most important economic plant in the world, from rapeseeds to oils and biodiesel. The results of previous studies have determined that possibilities to increase seed yield via increasing the size of the green leaf and the photosynthetic intensity. Therefore, the aims of this study to determine an inheritance pattern of transgene to T1 progeny, to compare phenotype of wild type and transgenic plants and to detect and compare some nutritional values of wild type and transgenic. Rapeseed seed surface was washed with 10% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min and rinse with sterile distilled water 3 times. T1 genetic inheritages were 3:1 to Mendelian ratio means 1 copy number of transgene was integrated into rapeseed genome. The height of AtGRF2 transgenic plants 25% higher than that if wild type plants, long shaft was 37.5%, leaf length was 31.6%, leaf width was 28.1%, and leaf area was increased by 34.8% than wild type plants. The total protein content of the transgenic plants 0.5% higher than that of the whole wild type plant, the total amount of the dietary fiber was the same, and the calcium content was 1.7% lower. About calcium, total ash, organic matter and total fat contents were very little difference. From the results, we concluded that the nutritional value of transgenic and wild type rapeseed plants was not shown significant differences. Atgrf2 ген шилжүүлэн суулгасан рапс (brassica napus l.) -ын удамшил, фенотип, шимт чанарын зарим үзүүлэлтийн судалгаа Хураангуй  Рапс (Brassica napus L.) нь дэлхийд 3-рт ордог эдийн засгийн чухал ач холбогдолтой таримал  ургамал бөгөөд рапсаас хүнсний тос, биодизел гарган авдаг. Рапсын тосыг үрээс нь ялган  авдаг ба ургамлын ногоон навчны хэмжээ, фотосинтезийн эрчмийг нэмэгдүүлснээр үрийн  гарц, хэмжээг нэмэгдүүлсэн судалгааны дүнгүүд байдаг. Иймээс энэхүү судалгаагаар  ургамлын өсөлтийг идэвхжүүлэгч AtGRF2 (Arabidopsis thaliana growth-regulating factor2) ген  шилжүүлэн суулгасан рапс (Brassica napus L.) -ны удамшил, фенотип, шимт чанарын зарим  үзүүлэлтийг тодорхойлох зорилго тавилаа. Рапсын үрийн гадаргууг 10%-ийн гипохлорид  натрийн уусмалаар 10 мин угааж, ариутгасан нэрмэл усаар 3 удаа зайлж ариутгав.  Антибиотикт тэсвэрлэх тохиромжтой хувилбар 30 мкл гигромицинт тэжээлт орчинд Т1  удмын үрийг ургуулж антибиотикт тэсвэрлэх чанараар AtGRF2 генийн удамшлын тооцоолон  үзэхэд Т1-д генийн удамшил Менделийн хуулийн дагуу 3:1 байв. AtGRF2 ген шилжин орсон  трансген рапсын ургамлын навчны хэмжээг эх ургамалтай харьцуулан үзэхэд трансген  ургамлын өндөр хяналтаас 25%-иар, зайдмалын урт 37,5%-иар, зайдмалын тоо 18,8% навчны  урт 31,6%-иар, навчны өргөн 28,1%-иар, навчны талбай 34,8%-иар томорсон байна.Трансген  рапсанд агуулагдах фосфор, азотгүй хандлаг бодис (АХБ), нийт үнс, органик бодис, нийт  тослогийн хэмжээ нь эх ургамлынхаас маш бага зөрөөтэй харин нийт уураг эх ургамлаасаа  маш бага буюу 0,5%-иар их, нийт эслэгийн хэмжээ ижил, харин кальцийн хэмжээ 1,7%-иар  бага байгаа нь трансген рапс шимт чанарын хувьд эх ургамалтай маш төстэй болохыг  харуулж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Гигромицин тэсвэр, gus ген 

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Spirulina-Derived C-Phycocyanin against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in HaCaT Cells

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Young Ah Jang ◽  
Bo Ae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Radiation Group ◽  
Skin Wrinkles

Background and objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress, and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in skin aging. Thus, preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage can attenuate skin aging. Spirulina (a biomass of cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae) is comprised of prokaryotes, whereas microalgae are eukaryotes and are rich in phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of spirulina-derived C-phycocyanin (C-PC) against UVB radiation using keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Results: UVB radiation increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression but decreased involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression. C-PC showed no toxicity at concentrations of 5–80 μg/mL in terms of HaCaT cell viability. UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells had a 50.8% survival rate, which increased to 80.3% with C-PC treatment. MMP expression increased with UVB treatment, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased with C-PC treatment. UVB reduced involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression in HaCaT cells, but 80 μg/mL C-PC increased their expression by >25%. In the UVB radiation group, dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence intensity in HaCaT cells increased by 81.6% compared with that in the control group, whereas ROS production was reduced by 51.2% and 55.1% upon treatment with 40 and 80 μg/mL C-PC, respectively. Conclusions: C-PC might reduce or prevent skin aging by reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin wrinkles and free radicals.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the pitaya phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene (HpPEAMT) enhanced simulated drought stress in tobacco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Hua Wang ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Xin-Zhuan Yao ◽  
Xiao-Peng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Similarity ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tobacco Plants

AbstractPhosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMTase) catalyzes the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to produce phosphocholine and plays an important role in the abiotic stress response. Although the PEAMT genes has been isolated from many species other than pitaya, its role in the drought stress response has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we isolated a 1485 bp cDNA fragment of HpPEAMT from pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Phylogenetic analysis showed that, during its evolution, HpPEAMT has shown a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity with the orthologous genes in Chenopodiaceae species. To further investigate the function of HpPEAMT, we generated transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing HpPEAMT, and the transgenic plants accumulated significantly more glycine betaine (GB) than did the wild type (WT). Drought tolerance trials indicated that, compared with those of the wild-type (WT) plants, the roots of the transgenic plants showed higher drought tolerance ability and exhibited improved drought tolerance. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of HpPEAM in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in upregulation of transcript levels of GB biosynthesis-related genes (NiBADH, NiCMO and NiSDC) in the leaves. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type plants, the transgenic tobacco plants displayed a significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and higher activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. Taken together, our results suggested that HpPEAMT enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco.

scholarly journals First genome edited poinsettias: targeted mutagenesis of flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase using CRISPR/Cas9 results in a colour shift

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Nitarska ◽  
Robert Boehm ◽  
Thomas Debener ◽  
Rares Calin Lucaciu ◽  
Heidi Halbwirth
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Reddish Orange

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system is a remarkably promising tool for targeted gene mutagenesis, and becoming ever more popular for modification of ornamental plants. In this study we performed the knockout of flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) with application of CRISPR/Cas9 in the red flowering poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivar ‘Christmas Eve’, in order to obtain plants with orange bract colour, which accumulate prevalently pelargonidin. F3′H is an enzyme that is necessary for formation of cyanidin type anthocyanins, which are responsible for the red colour of poinsettia bracts. Even though F3′H was not completely inactivated, the bract colour of transgenic plants changed from vivid red (RHS 45B) to vivid reddish orange (RHS 33A), and cyanidin levels decreased significantly compared with the wild type. In the genetically modified plants, an increased ratio of pelargonidin to cyanidin was observed. By cloning and expression of mutated proteins, the lack of F3′H activity was confirmed. This confirms that a loss of function mutation in the poinsettia F3′H gene is sufficient for obtaining poinsettia with orange bract colour. This is the first report of successful use of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing in poinsettia.

scholarly journals Degradation of trinitrotoluene by transgenic nitroreductase in Arabidopsis plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Bo ◽  
Han Hongjuan ◽  
Fu Xiaoyan ◽  
Li Zhenjun ◽  
Gao Jianjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Human Carcinogen ◽  
Specific Rate Constant ◽  
Nitroreductase Activity

The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly toxic and persistent environmental pollutant. TNT is toxic to many organisms, it is known to be a potential human carcinogen, and is persistent in the environment. This study presents a system of phytoremediation by Arabidopsis plants developed on the basis of overexpression of NAD(P)H-flavin nitroreductase (NFSB) from the Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM1251. The resulting transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated significantly enhanced TNT tolerance and a strikingly higher capacity to remove TNT from their media. The highest specific rate constant of TNT disappearance rate was 1.219 and 2.297 mL/g fresh weight/h for wild type and transgenic plants, respectively. Meanwhile, the nitroreductase activity in transgenic plant was higher than wild type plant. All this indicates that transgenic plants show significantly enhanced tolerances to TNT; transgenic plants also exhibit strikingly higher capabilities of removing TNT from their media and high efficiencies of transformation.

scholarly journals ParB deficiency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa destabilizes the partner protein ParA and affects a variety of physiological parameters

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bartosik ◽  
J. Mierzejewska ◽  
C. M. Thomas ◽  
G. Jagura-Burdzy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Partner Protein ◽  
The One ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Deletions leading to complete or partial removal of ParB were introduced into the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome. Fluorescence microscopy of fixed cells showed that ParB mutants lacking the C-terminal domain or HTH motif formed multiple, less intense foci scattered irregularly, in contrast to the one to four ParB foci per cell symmetrically distributed in wild-type P. aeruginosa. All parB mutations affected both bacterial growth and swarming and swimming motilities, and increased the production of anucleate cells. Similar effects were observed after inactivation of parA of P. aeruginosa. As complete loss of ParA destabilized its partner ParB it was unclear deficiency of which protein is responsible for the mutant phenotypes. Analysis of four parB mutants showed that complete loss of ParB destabilized ParA whereas three mutants that retained the N-terminal 90 aa of ParB did not. As all four parB mutants demonstrate the same defects it can be concluded that either ParB, or ParA and ParB in combination, plays an important role in nucleoid distribution, growth and motility in P. aeruginosa.

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