scholarly journals Degradation of trinitrotoluene by transgenic nitroreductase in Arabidopsis plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Bo ◽  
Han Hongjuan ◽  
Fu Xiaoyan ◽  
Li Zhenjun ◽  
Gao Jianjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Human Carcinogen ◽  
Specific Rate Constant ◽  
Nitroreductase Activity

The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly toxic and persistent environmental pollutant. TNT is toxic to many organisms, it is known to be a potential human carcinogen, and is persistent in the environment. This study presents a system of phytoremediation by Arabidopsis plants developed on the basis of overexpression of NAD(P)H-flavin nitroreductase (NFSB) from the Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM1251. The resulting transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated significantly enhanced TNT tolerance and a strikingly higher capacity to remove TNT from their media. The highest specific rate constant of TNT disappearance rate was 1.219 and 2.297 mL/g fresh weight/h for wild type and transgenic plants, respectively. Meanwhile, the nitroreductase activity in transgenic plant was higher than wild type plant. All this indicates that transgenic plants show significantly enhanced tolerances to TNT; transgenic plants also exhibit strikingly higher capabilities of removing TNT from their media and high efficiencies of transformation.

scholarly journals Improved Salinity Tolerance in Carrizo Citrange Rootstock through Overexpression of Glyoxalase System Genes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Alvarez-Gerding ◽  
Rowena Cortés-Bullemore ◽  
Consuelo Medina ◽  
Jesús L. Romero-Romero ◽  
Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Carrizo Citrange

Citrus plants are widely cultivated around the world and, however, are one of the most salt stress sensitive crops. To improve salinity tolerance, transgenic Carrizo citrange rootstocks that overexpress glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II genes were obtained and their salt stress tolerance was evaluated. Molecular analysis showed high expression for both glyoxalase genes (BjGlyIandPgGlyII) in 5H03 and 5H04 lines. Under control conditions, transgenic and wild type plants presented normal morphology. In salinity treatments, the transgenic plants showed less yellowing, marginal burn in lower leaves and showed less than 40% of leaf damage compared with wild type plants. The transgenic plants showed a significant increase in the dry weight of shoot but there are no differences in the root and complete plant dry weight. In addition, a higher accumulation of chlorine is observed in the roots in transgenic line 5H03 but in shoot it was lower. Also, the wild type plant accumulated around 20% more chlorine in the shoot compared to roots. These results suggest that heterologous expression of glyoxalase system genes could enhance salt stress tolerance in Carrizo citrange rootstock and could be a good biotechnological approach to improve the abiotic stress tolerance in woody plant species.

scholarly journals Gibberellin 20-Oxidase Gene OsGA20ox3 Regulates Plant Stature and Disease Development in Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Qin ◽  
Jun Hua Liu ◽  
Wen Sheng Zhao ◽  
Xu Jun Chen ◽  
Ze Jian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Plant Stature

Gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase (GA20ox) catalyses consecutive steps of oxidation in the late part of the GA biosynthetic pathway. A T-DNA insertion mutant (17S-14) in rice, with an elongated phenotype, was isolated. Analysis of the flanking sequences of the T-DNA insertion site revealed that an incomplete T-DNA integration resulted in enhanced constitutively expression of downstream OsGA20ox3 in the mutant. The accumulation of bioactive GA1 and GA4 were increased in the mutant in comparison with the wild-type plant. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsGA20ox3 showed phenotypes similar to those of the 17S-14 mutant, and the RNA interference (RNAi) lines that had decreased OsGA20ox3 expression exhibited a semidwarf phenotype. Expression of OsGA20ox3 was detected in the leaves and roots of young seedlings, immature panicles, anthers, and pollens, based on β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity staining in transgenic plants expressing the OsGA20ox3 promoter fused to the GUS gene. The OsGA20ox3 RNAi lines showed enhanced resistance against rice pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae (causing rice blast) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (causing bacterial blight) and increased expression of defense-related genes. Conversely, OsGA20ox3-overexpressing plants were more susceptible to these pathogens comparing with the wild-type plants. The susceptibility of wild-type plants to X. oryzae pv. oryzae was increased by exogenous application of GA3 and decreased by S-3307 treatment. Together, the results provide direct evidence for a critical role of OsGA20ox3 in regulating not only plant stature but also disease resistance in rice.

Transgenic lines of Begonia maculata generated by ectopic expression of PttKN1

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-le Xu ◽  
Jiang-ling Dong ◽  
Nan Gao ◽  
Mei-yu Ruan ◽  
Hai-yan Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Class I ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knox Gene ◽  
Knox Genes ◽  
Pttkn1 Gene ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
First Time

AbstractKNOX (KNOTTED1-like homeobox) genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors which play crucial roles in meristem maintenance and proper patterning of organ initiation. PttKN1 gene, isolated from the vascular cambium of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides), is a member of class I KNOX gene family. In order to understand the roles of PttKN1 gene in meristem activity and morphogenesis as well as to explore the possibility to generate novel ornamental lines via its ectopic expression, it was introduced into the genome of Begonia maculata Raddi by Agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated gene transformation here. Four types of transgenic plants were observed, namely coral-like (CL) type, ectopic foliole (EF) type, phyllotaxy-irregular (IP) type and cup-shaped (CS) type, which were remarkably different from corresponding wild type and were not also observed in the regenerated plantlets of wild type plant. Among these four types of transgenic plants, the phenotype of coral-like was observed for the first time in the transformants ectopically expressed KNOX genes. The observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed ectopic meristems on the adaxial leaf surface of the transformants. Interestingly, the plantlets with ectopic foliole could generate new ectopic folioles from the original ectopic folioles again, and the plants regenerated from the EF-type transformants could also maintain the original morphology. The same specific RT-PCR band of the four types of transgenic plantlets showed that PttKN1 was ectopically expressed. All these data demonstrated that the ectopic expression of PttKN1 caused a series of alterations in morphology which provided possibilities producing novel ornamental lines and that PttKN1 played important roles in meristem initiation, maintenance and organogenesis events as other class I KNOX genes.

scholarly journals Seed-Specific Expression of Arabidopsis AtCYP85A2 Produces Biologically Active Brassinosteroids Such as Castasterone and Brassinolide to Improve Grain Yield and Quality in Seeds of Brachypodium Distachyon

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeehee Roh ◽  
Jinyoung Moon ◽  
Ye Eun Lee ◽  
Chan Ho Park ◽  
Seong-Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Specific Expression

Brachypodium distachyon is a monocotyledonous model plant that contains castasterone (CS) but no brassinolide (BL) as the end product of brassinosteroids (BR) biosynthesis, indicating dysfunction of BL synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of CS to BL. To increase BR activity, Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 85A2 (AtCYP85A2) encoding BR 6-oxidase/BL synthase was introduced into B. distachyon with the seed-specific promoters pBSU1, pAt5g10120, and pAt5g54000. RT-PCR analysis and GUS activity revealed that AtCYP85A2 was only expressed in the seeds of the transgenic plants pBSU1-AtCYP85A2::Bd21-3, pAt5g10120-AtCYP85A2::Bd21-3, and pAt5g54000-AtCYP85A2::Bd21-3. The crude enzyme prepared from the seeds of these three transgenic plants catalyzed the conversion of 6-deoxoCS to CS. The transgenic plants showed greater specific enzyme activity than the wild-type plant for the conversion of 6-deoxoCS to CS, indicating enhanced BR 6-oxidase activity in the transgenic plants. The enzyme solution also catalyzed the conversion of CS into BL. Additionally, BL was identified from the seeds of transgenic plants, verifying that seed-specific AtCYP85A2 encodes a functional BL synthase to increase BR activity in the seeds of transgenic Brachypodium. In comparison with wild-type Brachypodium, the transgenic plants showed better growth and development during the vegetative growing stage. The flowers of the transgenic plants were remarkably larger, resulting in increments in the number, size, and height of seeds. The total starch, protein, and lipid contents in transgenic plants were higher than those in wild-type plants, indicating that seed-specific expression of AtCYP85A2 improves both grain yield and quality in B. distachyon.

scholarly journals The study on inheritance pattern, phenotype and nutritional analysis of atgrf2 transgenic rapeseed (brassica napus. L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Uranjargal B ◽  
Enkhchimeg V
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Transgenic Rapeseed

The rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the third most important economic plant in the world, from rapeseeds to oils and biodiesel. The results of previous studies have determined that possibilities to increase seed yield via increasing the size of the green leaf and the photosynthetic intensity. Therefore, the aims of this study to determine an inheritance pattern of transgene to T1 progeny, to compare phenotype of wild type and transgenic plants and to detect and compare some nutritional values of wild type and transgenic. Rapeseed seed surface was washed with 10% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min and rinse with sterile distilled water 3 times. T1 genetic inheritages were 3:1 to Mendelian ratio means 1 copy number of transgene was integrated into rapeseed genome. The height of AtGRF2 transgenic plants 25% higher than that if wild type plants, long shaft was 37.5%, leaf length was 31.6%, leaf width was 28.1%, and leaf area was increased by 34.8% than wild type plants. The total protein content of the transgenic plants 0.5% higher than that of the whole wild type plant, the total amount of the dietary fiber was the same, and the calcium content was 1.7% lower. About calcium, total ash, organic matter and total fat contents were very little difference. From the results, we concluded that the nutritional value of transgenic and wild type rapeseed plants was not shown significant differences. Atgrf2 ген шилжүүлэн суулгасан рапс (brassica napus l.) -ын удамшил, фенотип, шимт чанарын зарим үзүүлэлтийн судалгаа Хураангуй  Рапс (Brassica napus L.) нь дэлхийд 3-рт ордог эдийн засгийн чухал ач холбогдолтой таримал  ургамал бөгөөд рапсаас хүнсний тос, биодизел гарган авдаг. Рапсын тосыг үрээс нь ялган  авдаг ба ургамлын ногоон навчны хэмжээ, фотосинтезийн эрчмийг нэмэгдүүлснээр үрийн  гарц, хэмжээг нэмэгдүүлсэн судалгааны дүнгүүд байдаг. Иймээс энэхүү судалгаагаар  ургамлын өсөлтийг идэвхжүүлэгч AtGRF2 (Arabidopsis thaliana growth-regulating factor2) ген  шилжүүлэн суулгасан рапс (Brassica napus L.) -ны удамшил, фенотип, шимт чанарын зарим  үзүүлэлтийг тодорхойлох зорилго тавилаа. Рапсын үрийн гадаргууг 10%-ийн гипохлорид  натрийн уусмалаар 10 мин угааж, ариутгасан нэрмэл усаар 3 удаа зайлж ариутгав.  Антибиотикт тэсвэрлэх тохиромжтой хувилбар 30 мкл гигромицинт тэжээлт орчинд Т1  удмын үрийг ургуулж антибиотикт тэсвэрлэх чанараар AtGRF2 генийн удамшлын тооцоолон  үзэхэд Т1-д генийн удамшил Менделийн хуулийн дагуу 3:1 байв. AtGRF2 ген шилжин орсон  трансген рапсын ургамлын навчны хэмжээг эх ургамалтай харьцуулан үзэхэд трансген  ургамлын өндөр хяналтаас 25%-иар, зайдмалын урт 37,5%-иар, зайдмалын тоо 18,8% навчны  урт 31,6%-иар, навчны өргөн 28,1%-иар, навчны талбай 34,8%-иар томорсон байна.Трансген  рапсанд агуулагдах фосфор, азотгүй хандлаг бодис (АХБ), нийт үнс, органик бодис, нийт  тослогийн хэмжээ нь эх ургамлынхаас маш бага зөрөөтэй харин нийт уураг эх ургамлаасаа  маш бага буюу 0,5%-иар их, нийт эслэгийн хэмжээ ижил, харин кальцийн хэмжээ 1,7%-иар  бага байгаа нь трансген рапс шимт чанарын хувьд эх ургамалтай маш төстэй болохыг  харуулж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Гигромицин тэсвэр, gus ген 

Enhanced zinc and cadmium tolerance and accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing a barley gene (HvAPX1) that encodes a peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Xu ◽  
Weiming Shi ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Akihiro Ueda ◽  
Tetsuko Takabe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cadmium Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Zinc Tolerance ◽  
Zinc Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays an important role in oxidative stress metabolism in higher plants. To determine the role of APX in protection against excessive-zinc-induced oxidative stress, transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing a peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene (HvAPX1) from barley were analyzed. In this study, we found that transgenic plants were more tolerant to zinc stress than wild-type plants. Under zinc stress, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde accumulation were higher in wild-type plants than in transgenic plants. Therefore, the mechanism of zinc tolerance in transgenic plants may be due to reduced oxidative stress damage. Under zinc stress, the activities of APX were significantly higher in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants. We also found that the zinc accumulation in the shoots were much higher in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants under zinc stress. In addition, we found that compared with wild-type plants, transgenic plants were more tolerant to excessive cadmium stress and accumulated more cadmium in shoots. These results suggest that HvAPX1 plays an important role in zinc and cadmium tolerance, and might be a candidate gene for developing high-biomass tolerant plants for phytoremediation of zinc- and cadmium-polluted environments.

scholarly journals Expression of modified snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) protein confers insect resistance in Arabidopsis and cotton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng He ◽  
Shuyin Wu ◽  
Lili Tian ◽  
Xiaoli Hu ◽  
Shufen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Abstract Background: Cotton is a major fiber crop in the world that can be severely infested by pests in agricultural fields. Identifying new insect-resistance genes and increasing expression of known insect-resistance genes are imperative in cultivated cotton. Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, a type of plant lectin that is reportedly toxic towards Homoptera sap-sucking pests when administered in their artificial diet or when fed transgenic plant material expressing the gene. The natural GNA gene is mainly expressed in monocotyledons instead of in dicotyledons, thus modification of the gene is necessary to effectively express the GNA gene in transgenic cotton. Results: We report the artificial synthesis of a modified GNA gene (ASGNA), via codon augmentation, and its insertion into Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton to test its efficacy as an insect-resistance gene against cotton aphids and Plutella xylostella. The level of ASGNA expression in transgenic plants was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the amount of ASGNA among transgenic plants reached approximately 6.5 μg/g fresh weight. A feeding bioassay showed that survival and reproductive rates of aphids fed transgenic tissues were significantly lower than those fed wild type tissues. Likewise, larvae mortality of P. xylostella fed with transgenic plants showed significantly increased levels. Similar results were recorded of aphids feeding on cotton cotyledons with transient expression of ASGNA. Conclusions: Altogether, results show that ASGNA exhibited high insecticidal activity towards sap-sucking insects and is a promising candidate gene to improve insect resistance in cotton and other dicot plants.

scholarly journals CAND2/PMTR1 Is Required for Melatonin-Conferred Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4014
Author(s):  
Lin-Feng Wang ◽  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jia-Xing Guo ◽  
Kai-Kai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress Response ◽  
In The Wild

Osmotic stress severely inhibits plant growth and development, causing huge loss of crop quality and quantity worldwide. Melatonin is an important signaling molecule that generally confers plant increased tolerance to various environmental stresses, however, whether and how melatonin participates in plant osmotic stress response remain elusive. Here, we report that melatonin enhances plant osmotic stress tolerance through increasing ROS-scavenging ability, and melatonin receptor CAND2 plays a key role in melatonin-mediated plant response to osmotic stress. Upon osmotic stress treatment, the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes including SNAT1, COMT1, and ASMT1 and the accumulation of melatonin are increased in the wild-type plants. The snat1 mutant is defective in osmotic stress-induced melatonin accumulation and thus sensitive to osmotic stress, while exogenous melatonin enhances the tolerance of the wild-type plant and rescues the sensitivity of the snat1 mutant to osmotic stress by upregulating the expression and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase to repress H2O2 accumulation. Further study showed that the melatonin receptor mutant cand2 exhibits reduced osmotic stress tolerance with increased ROS accumulation, but exogenous melatonin cannot revert its osmotic stress phenotype. Together, our study reveals that CADN2 functions necessarily in melatonin-conferred osmotic stress tolerance by activating ROS-scavenging ability in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the pitaya phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene (HpPEAMT) enhanced simulated drought stress in tobacco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Hua Wang ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Xin-Zhuan Yao ◽  
Xiao-Peng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Similarity ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tobacco Plants

AbstractPhosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMTase) catalyzes the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to produce phosphocholine and plays an important role in the abiotic stress response. Although the PEAMT genes has been isolated from many species other than pitaya, its role in the drought stress response has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we isolated a 1485 bp cDNA fragment of HpPEAMT from pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Phylogenetic analysis showed that, during its evolution, HpPEAMT has shown a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity with the orthologous genes in Chenopodiaceae species. To further investigate the function of HpPEAMT, we generated transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing HpPEAMT, and the transgenic plants accumulated significantly more glycine betaine (GB) than did the wild type (WT). Drought tolerance trials indicated that, compared with those of the wild-type (WT) plants, the roots of the transgenic plants showed higher drought tolerance ability and exhibited improved drought tolerance. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of HpPEAM in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in upregulation of transcript levels of GB biosynthesis-related genes (NiBADH, NiCMO and NiSDC) in the leaves. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type plants, the transgenic tobacco plants displayed a significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and higher activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. Taken together, our results suggested that HpPEAMT enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco.

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