CRITIQUE OF SOME VEGETATIONAL CONCEPTS AS APPLIED TO FORESTS OF NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Forest Community ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Ecological Concepts ◽  
Climax Forest

The application, by R. Plochmann, of certain European silvicultural and ecological concepts in the study and description of forests of northwestern Alberta is examined. His ideas of unidirectional succession to the single climax forest are criticized on the grounds that concepts such as succession and climax must always be related to specific terrain. Every forest community, and indeed every vegetational community, is the botanical part of a unique geographic ecosystem which gives it meaning, and it is neglect of the geographic framework which has led to the false assumptions that forest communities can be studied as things-in-themselves, and that vegetational concepts derived in one region can be transplanted unchanged to others.

Plant traits as predictors of woody species dominance in climax forest communities

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumito Koike
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Climax Forest

A Climax Forest Community on East Tionesta Creek in Northwestern Pennsylvania

Ecology ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Forest Community ◽  
Climax Forest

Forest communities: New frameworks for assessing sustainability

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Nadeau ◽  
Bruce Shindler ◽  
Christina Kakoyannis
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Capacity ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Community Resiliency ◽  
The Relationship

In both Canada and the United States, there has been a growing interest in the sustainability of forests and forest communities. Policy makers and scientists have attempted to understand how forest management practices can enhance or harm the future of such communities. Although many studies have historically used economic indicators as measures of community stability, more recently researchers have demonstrated that the relationship between communities and forests goes far beyond simple economic dependency. Thus, recent frameworks for assessing forest communities have also addressed the need for broader social and institutional components. In this article, we briefly review three of these recent concepts — community capacity, community well-being and community resiliency — and examine what each of these terms has to contribute to the assessment of forest communities. Key words: forest community, community stability, community capacity, community well-being, community resilience

scholarly journals First syntaxonomical contribution to the invasive Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle forest communities at its southern limit in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Silvia Montecchiari ◽  
Marina Allegrezza ◽  
Veronica Pelliccia ◽  
Giulio Tesei
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Canopy Density

Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven), an invasive alien tree native to China, has become invasive all over the world and in Italy is present in all the administrative regions where it can form dense forest communities. Although there are several ecological studies on this species there is a lack of floristic-vegetational data for southern-Europe. The study presents the results of a floristic vegetational study on A. altissima forest communities of central Italy that aims to highlight the possible floristic-vegetational autonomy of these coenoses. The results have allowed the characterization of A. altissima coenoses at the ecological, biogeographic, syntaxonomic and landscape levels. These represent first A. altissima syntaxa described for the Italian peninsula and for southern-Europe. We propose two new sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean associations comprised in the recently described alliance Lauro nobilis-Robinion pseudoaciae, in the Chelidonio-Robinietalia order and the Robinietea class: Asparago acutifolii-Ailanthetum altissimae: forest community with stratified structure and high canopy density on the warmer slopes of the hills in dry soil conditions and low anthropic disturbance and Aro italici-Ailanthetum altissimae: paucispecific forest communities with a monolayered structure typically found in agricultural, and peri-urban areas on pelitic, alluvial silty-sandy substrates, in conditions of edaphic humidity and high anthropogenic disturbance. The comparison with literature data highlights the autonomy of these associations of the sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean alliance Lauro nobilis-Robinion pseudoacaciae alliance from the Balloto nigrae-Ailanthetum altissimae association of the Central and SE-European Balloto nigrae-Robinion pseudoacaciae alliance.

Culturally Congruent Health Activities for the Prevention of Functional Disabilities Among Older Adults in Japan’s Forest Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 104365962110420
Author(s):  
Yasuko Irie ◽  
Naohiro Hohashi ◽  
Shunji Suto ◽  
Yu Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Culturally Congruent ◽  
Functional Disabilities ◽  
Gender Based

Introduction: In Japan’s forest areas, cultural capital and older adults play key roles in helping to sustain the community. The purpose was to explore cultural values/beliefs related to culturally congruent health activities among older adults in forest communities. Method: The qualitative ethnonursing research method was used. Data were collected through fieldwork and key informants’ interviews ( n = 14) over 1 year. The setting was a traditional village with 80% forest cover. Results: Findings included two universal cultural values/beliefs, which were “community identity as a community member” and “our cohesion and connection as community members.” Additionally, two diverse cultural values/beliefs were found: “gender-based differences” and “differences between those having experience working outside the forest community and those without this experience.” These were related to community-based health activities. Discussion: These values/beliefs were suggested to develop a multilayered network around health activities in order to prevent functional disabilities among older adults.

scholarly journals Assessment of Seasonal and Vegetational Variations in the Airborne Bacterial Concentration of the Urban Forest Park: A Case Study in Hunan, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenni Liao ◽  
Huijuan Xu ◽  
Jiaojiao Ma ◽  
Maojuan Li ◽  
Caisheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Mixed Community

Abstract It is important to investigate bacterial air quality in urban forest parks because tree bacteriostasis practices are being increasingly advocated as measures to improve the air quality and public-health in urban green spaces around the world. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively investigate airborne bacterial concentration levels based on field measurements in every season in five selected forest communities and the uncovered space in an urban forest park, as well as the effects of several factors on the culturability of airborne bacteria. Results suggested that the airborne bacterial levels of all forest communities reached the clean air quality standard with regard to the airborne bacteria content, with the highest bacteria concentrations in the uncovered space (1658 ± 1298 CFU/m3), and the lowest in the mixed community (907 ± 567 CFU/m3). The temporal distribution analysis showed that the most airborne bacteria were concentrated in summer, as well as in the morning and afternoon. The bacteriostatic rates of the mixed community were significantly different with seasonal variation (p < 0.05). Spearman’s correlations revealed that the bacterial concentration was significantly positively correlated with the season, wind speed (WS), temperature (T), ultraviolet light (UV), negative air ion (NAI) and total suspended particles (TSP) (p＜0.05), but significantly negatively correlated with the forest community type (p < 0.05). WS, UV, NAI, TSP and PM2.5 showed significant effect on airborne bacterial concentration in a multiple linear regression model (p < 0.05). Overall, the selection of tree species plays a key role in shaping the forest structure and improving air quality, and the urban forest highlights key priorities for future efforts towards a cleaner, healthier, and more diverse regional forest environment.

scholarly journals Vegetation and ecoregion analysis at Sipirok Botanic Gardens, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustaid Siregar ◽  
DANANG W. PURNOMO ◽  
HARTUTININGSIH M-SIREGAR ◽  
JOKO RIDHO WITONO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Remnant Forest ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract. Siregar M, Purnomo DW, Siregar HM, Witono JR. 2020. Vegetation and ecoregion analysis at Sipirok Botanic Gardens, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2526-2535. Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ plant conservation area. Enrichment of plant collections of Botanic Gardens in Indonesia is based on ecoregion types. To find out the type of ecoregion, the existing vegetation, main native species should be known. The research aimed to analyze the existing vegetation and ecoregion type at Sipirok Botanic Gardens. Existing vegetation has been carried out using a separate plot method 20x20 m which is placed on purposively in nine locations considered to have different vegetation types, namely remnant forest, young secondary forests and shrubs, rubber plantation, and grasslands. Around 66 species belonged to 45 genera and 27 families were found in vascular plants (dbh ≥ 10 cm). There were 66 species of sapling belonged to 54 genera and 35 families, and 110 seedlings belonged to 87 genera and 50 families. The tree species that have the highest Importance Value Index are Ficus sumatrana (PU-1), Myristica fatua (PU-3), Hevea brasiliensis (PU-4 and PU-7), Artocarpus elasticus (PU-8), and Knema cinerea (PU-9). No trees were found in young secondary forest/shrub plots and grasslands. Unlike the species dominance index, the species diversity index and species equitability index are higher in natural forest plots. Beta diversity based on Jaccard similarity index and Whittaker's index shows a relatively different species composition among plots. Cluster analysis shows the tendency of grouping in 2 types of communities, namely: a) remnant forest communities, and b) secondary communities. The natural forest community is further divided into two communities consisting of remnant forest tree species and industrial/plantation plant species also secondary tree species. Secondary communities are also further divided into secondary forest communities and grasslands. Based on ecoregion analysis using previous publications, altitude, and diversity of plant species in the study site, Sipirok Botanic Gardens is a transitional zone of the Sumatran lowland rainforest and mountain rainforest.

A Late Triassic vegetation record from the Huangshanjie Formation, Junggar Basin, China: possible evidence for the Carnian Pluvial Episode

2021 ◽  
pp. SP521-2021-151
Author(s):  
Jungang Peng ◽  
Sam M. Slater ◽  
Vivi Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Junggar Basin ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Vegetation And Climate ◽  
Climax Forest

AbstractThe Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; ∼234‒232 million years ago) is characterized by an accelerated hydrological cycle, global warming and a period of elevated biotic turnover. Using spores and pollen, we reconstruct vegetation and climate changes through a Carnian‒Norian (Upper Triassic) interval of the Huangshanjie Formation from the Junggar Basin, China. Four palynofloras were identified, representing distinct vegetation communities. Among these palynofloras, we observed a prominent shift from a conifer-dominated climax forest community, with common ginkgophytes and bennettites, to a fern-dominated community, suggestive of an environmental perturbation. We interpret this change as a regional shift in vegetation, likely caused by increased humidity, consistent with the CPE. Our records represent the first indication of a possible CPE-induced vegetation response in the Junggar Basin and highlight how this event likely affected floral communities of inland Laurasia.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5738637

Long-term effects of smelter pollution at Sudbury, Ontario, on forest community composition

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (19) ◽  
pp. 2123-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Freedman ◽  
T. C. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Remnant Forest

Forest communities were quantitatively analyzed along a south-southeast transect from a large, 70- to 80-year-old smelter complex near Sudbury, Ontario. None currently exist within 3 km SSE of this smelter. At distances of up to 8 km, pockets of remnant forest communities of various sizes occur, mainly on protected slopes and in valley bottoms. Most hilltops are bare of vegetation, denuded of soil, and blackened from the effects of sulfur dioxide fumigations. Beyond this distance, the forests are more or less continuous, although there are still some bare hilltops as far as 15 km from the smelter. The forests which do occur are relatively depauperate in terms of tree diversity and biomass at the closer sites. Similar effects on the ground flora are also documented, although the forest canopy appears to be more greatly affected than the ground flora. Certain species are widely distributed in the inner polluted areas, while others, notably conifers and such ground flora components as bracken fern and most lichens and bryophytes, are absent from sites closer to the smelter.Some changes in the plant communities close to the Copper Cliff smelter have occurred subsequent to the building of a tall (380 m) smokestack in 1972. These have mainly occurred at sites where soils remain, where residual soil toxicity is not excessive, and where midsummer drought is not severe. Colonization has largely involved the spread of such pioneer grasses as Agrostis hyemalis var. tenuis, A. stolonifera var. major, and Deschampsia caespitosa, and more vigorous growth of certain surviving woody species. The recovery of denuded, blackened hilltops, essentially a primary succession on naked Precambrian bedrock, will be a much slower process.

scholarly journals Composition and Specialization of the Lichen Functional Traits in a Primeval Forest—Does Ecosystem Organization Level Matter?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Anna Łubek ◽  
Martin Kukwa ◽  
Bogdan Jaroszewicz ◽  
Patryk Czortek
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Niche Diversity ◽  
Dark Pigmentation ◽  
Ecosystem Organization

Current trends emphasize the importance of the examination of the functional composition of lichens, which may provide information on the species realized niche diversity and community assembly processes, thus enabling one to understand the specific adaptations of lichens and their interaction with the environment. We analyzed the distribution and specialization of diverse morphological, anatomical and chemical (lichen secondary metabolites) traits in lichen communities in a close-to-natural forest of lowland Europe. We considered these traits in relation to three levels of forest ecosystem organization: forest communities, phorophyte species and substrates, in order to recognize the specialization of functional traits to different levels of the forest complexity. Traits related to the sexual reproduction of mycobionts (i.e., ascomata types: lecanoroid apothecia, lecideoid apothecia, arthonioid apothecia, lirellate apothecia, stalked apothecia and perithecia) and asexual reproduction of mycobionts (pycnidia, hyphophores and sporodochia) demonstrated the highest specialization to type of substrate, tree species and forest community. Thallus type (foliose, fruticose, crustose and leprose thalli), ascospore dark pigmentation and asexual reproduction by lichenized diaspores (soredia and isidia) revealed the lowest specialization to tree species and substrate, as well as to forest community. Results indicate that lichen functional trait assemblage distribution should not only be considered at the level of differences in the internal structure of the analyzed forest communities (e.g., higher number of diverse substrates or tree species) but also studied in relation to specific habitat conditions (insolation, moisture, temperature, eutrophication) that are characteristic of a particular forest community. Our work contributes to the understanding of the role of the forest structure in shaping lichen functional trait composition, as well as enhancing our knowledge on community assembly rules of lichen species.

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