CYTOSPORA CANKER OF POPLARS: BARK WOUNDING IN RELATION TO CANKER DEVELOPMENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg ◽  
S. H. Farris
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Canker Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cytospora Canker

Cuttings of Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray, P. × canadensis Moench 'Regenerata' and P. × canadensis ‘Robusta Bachelieri’ were adjusted to three different moisture contents, then wounded by scorching the bark. The moisture treatments differed significantly in their effects on the histological responses in tissues around the scorch wounds, the greatest contrast being in the mode of tannin deposition. Lignification was also affected by moisture content; however, fewer cells were involved in lignin changes than in tannin deposition. No suberization was observed as a result of wounding. There were qualitative and quantitative differences among the poplar varieties with respect to tannin deposition.When wounds were inoculated with Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr., the growth of canker varied inversely as the number of tanniferous cells, the width of the tanniferous zone, and the number of lignified cells. The correlation with tannin deposition was much stronger than that with lignification. These findings suggested that the relationship previously observed between Cytospora canker growth and moisture content may operate partly through the mechanism of tannin deposition.

CYTOSPORA CANKER OF POPLARS: THE MOISTURE RELATIONS AND ANATOMY OF THE HOST

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Two Hybrid

A comparison was made between Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray, P. × canadensis Moench 'Regenerata', and P. × canadensis 'Robusta Bachelieri' with respect to shoot moisture relations and anatomy. The two hybrid varieties had slower rates of moisture loss and had higher wood moisture contents throughout most of the year than P. trichocarpa. The bark and wood moisture content of the three varieties was lower during dormancy than in the growing season. The upper region of the shoots had lower bark and wood moisture contents than the basal region during dormancy, but the reverse was true in summer. In all varieties, there was a significant positive correlation between wood and bark moisture content. Compared with P. trichocarpa, the two hybrids had larger piths, wider vessels, longer phloem rays, wider sieve tube zones, and thicker periderms; P. 'Robusta' had fewer lenticels. The upper region of the shoots had a wider pith, thicker bark, thinner periderm, and more lenticels than the basal region. The differences in moisture relations and anatomy of the three varieties suggest an explanation for the observed greater resistance to canker disease caused by Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. in the hybrids than in P. trichocarpa.

CYTOSPORA CANKER OF POPLARS: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Cytospora Canker

The effects of shoot moisture content, region of shoot, age of shoot, temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture content on the development of cankers caused by Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. were studied in Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray, P. × canadensis Moench 'Regenerata', and P. × canadensis 'Robusta Bachelieri'. Within the range studied, canker growth varied proportionally with temperature, and inversely with shoot moisture content, relative humidity, and soil moisture content. Canker growth was greater in P. trichocarpa than in the two hybrids, which did not differ significantly from each other. Canker growth was less in 8-month-old than in 10- and 12-month-old shoots of the hybrids, but cankers on P. trichocarpa showed no differences in this respect. The critical bark moisture deficit for infection was least in P. trichocarpa, intermediate in P. 'Regenerata', and greatest in P. 'Robusta'. The critical bark moisture deficit was greater, and the incubation period was shorter, in the upper part than in the lower part of the shoot.

Stability of Thiamine and Riboflavin During Extrusion Processing of Triticale

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BEETNER ◽  
T. TSAO ◽  
A. FREY ◽  
K. LORENZ
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
The Relationship

Triticale kernels were extruded using a Brabender Plasticorder extruder with ¾-inch rifled barrel and 1:1 flight depth ratio screw. Whole grain samples were extruded at initial moisture contents of 15, 20, and 25%. Debranned samples were extruded at an initial moisture content of 22%. Barrel temperatures of 350, 400, and 450 F and nozzle openings of 1/8 inch and 1/16 inch were used. The products were analyzed for thiamine and riboflavin content. Results were corrected for final moisture content and expressed as fraction retained. A multiple regression was done to determine the relationship between independent and derived variables, and the retention. Riboflavin retention was correlated simply as a function of barrel temperature. Thiamine retention of the debranned material was correlated as a function of nozzle size and barrel temperature. Thiamine retention of the whole grain samples was correlated for nozzle size, first and second order temperature effects, and confounding between nozzle size and temperature.

THE RELATION OF BARK MOISTURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANKER DISEASES CAUSED BY NATIVE, FACULTATIVE PARASITES: 2. FUSARIUM CANKER ON BLACK COTTONWOOD

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Canker Development

A close correlation was found to exist between the development of a bark canker in nursery-grown Populus trichocarpa Torrey and Gray, caused by Fusarium lateritium Nees., and the moisture content of the living bark. When bark moisture was expressed as a percentage of the amount of water required to saturate the sample under experimental conditions, relative turgidities of 80% or more inhibited canker development which, however, occurred normally at lower percentages. Studies of the epidemiology of Fusarium canker in the nursery afforded evidence in support of the limiting effect of bark moisture on canker development. Thus during the dormant season of 1957–58, the monthly average temperature was higher than the minimum temperature for the growth of F. lateritium on potato dextrose agar, and the relative turgidity did not reach the inhibiting value of 80%. Cankers continued to develop throughout this period. During the growing season while temperatures were still more favorable for fungus development, no extension of cankers occurred in the nursery trees, apparently because, during the growing period, the relative turgidity was in excess of 80%. Canker development was prevented during the winter by placing dormant cuttings in water, which likewise increased the moisture content of the bark above the 80% level.During the dormant season the bark of field-grown black cottonwoods maintained relative turgidity values of approximately 80% or higher and the disease could not be found on these trees.

Initiation and development of cankers caused by virulent and cytoplasmic hypovirulent isolates of the chestnut blight fungus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2660-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Russin ◽  
L. Shain
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Cork Borer ◽  
Endothia Parasitica ◽  
Canker Development

Stems of American chestnut were inoculated with a virulent (V) isolate of Endothia parasitica alone or containing different agents for cytoplasmic hypovirulence (CH). The V isolate (EP 155) initiated cankers in cork borer wounds 0,1,2,4,7,14,21, or 28 days old. Infection of this V isolate with CH agents Hl2 (EP 780), HMU (EP 868) or HT2 (EP 905), restricted canker development to wounds 0–7 days old, Odays old, or to none of the wounds 0–28 days old, respectively. Inoculation of several wound types with V or CH conidia collected from cankers or agar cultures resulted in few cankers. Measurement of electrical resistance (ER) of bark at different heights along chestnut stems indicated that ER was lowest at stem bases. Cankers initiated artificially at stem bases with mycelium from V or CH isolates were smaller and enlarged more slowly than did cankers initiated at more elevated stem positions. Areas of cankers initiated in detached chestnut stems in which moisture contents were regulated were inversely related to moisture content and directly related to ER of chestnut bark.

Relationship between Dielectric Constants and Moisture Contents

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Shan Shan Yan ◽  
Zhao Hui Bin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Special Instrument ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compaction Degree ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The parameters that influence the dielectric properties of soil mainly include moisture content, density and temperature, in which moisture content is the most important. One subgrade under construction is selected as engineering example, the dielectric constants are tested with the special instrument, and the moisture content are tested with sand filling method, and then the tested data are analyzed, and the results reveal that: there are better relationship between dielectric constants and the tested moisture contents and compaction degree, and so the dielectric constants are to be tested and then the moisture contents and compaction degree would be calculated according to the relationship, which would be a rapid testing and evaluation method.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOISTURE CONTENT AND FLAMMABILITY OF CERRADO SPECIES IN SOUTHERN TOCANTINS

FLORESTA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Marcileia Dias De Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Giongo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Time To Ignition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vatairea Macrocarpa ◽  
Flammability Parameters ◽  
Curatella Americana

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between moisture content and flammability of nine plant species from the Cerrado in southern Tocantins. The species studied were: Machaerium brasiliense, Qualea grandiflora, Luehea grandiflora, Campomanesia guaviroba, Astronium fraxinifolium, Curatella americana, Bauhinia forficata, Vatairea macrocarpa, and Anacardium Occidentale. The plants were analyzed at four moisture contents (M1, M2, M3, and M4). For each level, 50 samples (1 g ± 0.1 g) of each species were collected, and 50 repetitions of burning were performed. The parameters analyzed were: time to ignition (TI), frequency of ignition (FI), duration of combustion (DC), combustion index (CI), flammability value (FV), and height of flames (HF). Our results showed that moisture contents influence flammability in Cerrado plant species. The correlation coefficients between moisture and flammability parameters were r = 0.951 (TI), r = -0.962 (DC), r = -0.977 (HF), and r = -0.988 (FI).

scholarly journals Dielectric Characteristics of Unsaturated Loess and the Safety Detection of the Road Subgrade Based on GPR

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Lv ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Dexiu Hu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Dielectric Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Unsaturated Loess ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Permittivity Model

We present a moisture content and permittivity model to simultaneously detect and estimate defects in loess subgrade. Based on the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method, the dielectric properties of loess in the northwest of China and the imaging feature of the moisture content of different strata were studied. The relative permittivity of loess with different moisture contents was experimented in the laboratory. It was found that the relative permittivity of unsaturated loess was positively related to moisture content. The relationship between relative permittivity and moisture content in different antenna frequencies of GPR was analyzed. Electromagnetic wave reflection rules in the loess interface were studied using the numerical method with different moisture contents. With the increase in moisture content, the amplitude of GPR was increased. When the above conclusions were applied in the engineering practices, there are good effects to detect the defects of the road subgrade. It is a significant guidance for determining the qualitative research of defects in the roadbed.

scholarly journals Moisture sorption isotherms of millet seeds

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Menkov ◽  
D.I. Gelyazkov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Moisture Sorption Isotherms ◽  
The Relationship

The equilibrium moisture contents were determined for millet seeds of two cultivars using the gravimetric static method at 10, 25 and 40°C over a range of relative humidities from 0.112 to 0.868. The sorption capacity of the seeds decreased with an increase in temperature at constant relative humidity. The hysteresis effect is not distinctly expressed but statistically significant. The differences between equilibrium moisture contents of the cultivars are small. Four models were applied for analyzing the experimental data using the following equations: modified Chung-Pfost, modified Halsey, modified Oswin, and modified Henderson. The modified Chung-Pfost model was found to be the most suitable for describing the relationship between equilibrium moisture content, relative humidity and temperature.

Designing a business unit and creating the first ever responsive kitchen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo FESTA ◽  
Tommaso CORA ◽  
Lucilla FAZIO
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Relationship

Is it possible to transform stone into a technological and innovative device? The meeting with one of the main stone transformers in Europe produced the intention of a disruptive operation that could affect the strategy of the whole company. A contagious singularity. By intertwining LEAN methodologies and the human-centric approach of design thinking, we mapped the value creation in the company activating a dialogue with the workers and the management, listening to people, asking for ambitions, discovering problems and the potential of production. This qualitative and quantitative analysis conducted with a multidisciplinary approach by designers, architects and marketing strategists allowed us to define a new method. We used it to design a platform that could let all the players express their potential to the maximum. This is how the group's research laboratory was born, with the aim of promoting the relationship between humans and stone through product innovation. With this goal, we coordinated the new team, developing technologies that would allow creating a more direct relationship between man and surface, making the stone reactive. The result was the first responsive kitchen ever.

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