DIFFERENTIATION OF AGROPYRON MOSAIC, WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC, AND A HITHERTO UNRECOGNIZED HORDEUM MOSAIC VIRUS IN CANADA

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1191-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Slykhuis ◽  
W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Aceria Tulipae ◽  
Cross Absorption ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum

Agropyron mosaic virus (AMV) from Ontario and wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) from Alberta readily infected wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) causing mosaic symptoms that could be differentiated only when carefully compared. All isolates of AMV infected Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. but not oats (Avena sativa L.). WSMV infected oats but not A. repens. Hordeum mosaic virus (HMV) from Alberta caused mottle rather than streak symptoms on wheat, rye, and other common hosts of WSMV, and did not infect A. repens, but, like AMV, it was not transmitted by Aceria tulipae (K.), the vector of WSMV. It infected Hordeum jubatum L., which is not susceptible to AMV or WSMV. It ranked between AMV and WSMV in longevity and tolerance to heat and pH. The particles were flexuous rods similar to those of WSMV, which appear less flexuous and slightly shorter than particles of AMV.The temperatures at which the viruses multiplied and caused symptoms on wheat ranged from 15° to 33 °C for WSMV and 10° to 30° for AMV. HMV multiplied at all temperatures from 10° to 33 °C but caused symptoms only at 10° to 30 °C.Specific antisera were prepared by partially purifying the viruses by differential centrifugation of juice from diseased wheat, emulsifying the juice with adjuvant, then injecting rabbits intramuscularly. The precipitation titers against their homologous viruses were 1/640, 1/1280, and 1/1280 for the WSMV, AMV, and HMV antisera respectively. The WSMV antiserum did not react with the heterologous viruses, but two HMV antisera had a precipitation titer of 1/16 against AMV, and an AMV antiserum had a titer of 1/10 againt WSMV. Cross absorption of each of the antisera with the heterologous viruses did not reduce the titers against the homologous viruses.The infection of wheat with a mild strain of any of the three viruses protected against later infection by a severe strain of the same virus. Both AMV and HMV were synergistic in combination with WSMV. Serological tests demonstrated that both AMV and HMV multiplied in wheat simultaneously inoculated with both viruses, but systemic infection with either virus protected the plants against later infection by the other.Despite general similarities in physical characteristics and effects on wheat, specific differences in other characteristics show that AMV, HMV, and WSMV are sufficiently different to be designated as different viruses rather than closely related strains of one virus.

scholarly journals Maize resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 542-544
Author(s):  
R. Pokorný ◽  
M. Porubová
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Maize Resistance ◽  
Long Distance Movement

Under greenhouse conditions 12 maize hybrids derived from crosses of four resistant lines with several lines of different level of susceptibility were evaluated for resistance to Czech isolate of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). These hybrids were not fully resistant to isolate of SCMV, but the symptoms on their newly growing leaves usually developed 1 to 3 weeks later in comparison with particular susceptible line, the course of infection was significantly slower and rate of infection lower. As for mechanisms of resistance, the presence of SCMV was detected by ELISA in inoculated leaves both of resistant and susceptible lines, but virus was detected 7 days later in resistant line. Systemic infection developed only in susceptible lines. These results indicate restriction of viral long distance movement in the resistant line.

scholarly journals Multiple aromatic amino acids are involved in potyvirus movement by forming π-stackings to maintain coat protein accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yong Yan ◽  
Xiao-Jie Xu ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
Chao Geng ◽  
Yan-Ping Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Aromatic Residues

AbstractCoat protein (CP) is required for potyviruses to move and establish a systemic infection in plants. π-stackings formed by aromatic residues play critical roles in maintaining protein stability and functions. As we know, many aromatic residues located in the core region of potyvirus CPs are conserved. However, their roles in potyvirus infection remain largely unknown. Here, through analysis of the three-dimensional model of the tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV; genus Potyvirus) CP, 16 aromatic residues were predicated to form π-stackings. The results of transient expression experiments demonstrated that deletion of any of these 16 aromatic residues reduced CP accumulation. Infectivity assays showed that deletion of any of these aromatic residues in the TVBMV infectious clone abolished cell-to-cell movement and reduced replication of the virus. Substitution of Y105 and Y147 individually with non-aromatic residues alanine or glycine reduced CP accumulation, virus replication, and abolished the ability of TVBMV to move intercellularly, while substitution of these two residues individually with aromatic residues phenylalanine or tryptophan, had no or little effect on CP accumulation and TVBMV systemic movement and replication. Similar results were obtained from the CP mutants of watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, genus Potyvirus). Taken together, our results demonstrate that multiple aromatic residues in CP are involved in potyvirus movement by forming π-stackings to maintain CP accumulation.

scholarly journals A cassava common mosaic virus vector for virus-induced gene silencing in cassava

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Decai Tuo ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Pu Yan ◽  
Hongguang Cui ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Efficient Gene ◽  
Gene Function Analysis

Abstract Background Cassava is an important crop for food security and industry in the least-developed and developing countries. The completion of the cassava genome sequence and identification of large numbers of candidate genes by next-generation sequencing provide extensive resources for cassava molecular breeding and increase the need for rapid and efficient gene function analysis systems in cassava. Several plant virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) systems have been developed as reverse genetic tools for rapid gene function analysis in cassava. However, these VIGS vectors could cause severe viral symptoms or inefficient gene silencing. Results In this study, we constructed agroinfection-compatible infectious cDNA clones of cassava common mosaic virus isolate CM (CsCMV-CM, genus Potexvirus, family Alphaflexiviridae) that causes systemic infection with mild symptoms in cassava. CsCMV-CM was then modified to a viral vector carrying the Nimble cloning frame, which facilitates the rapid and high-throughput cloning of silencing fragments into the viral genome. The CsCMV-based vector successfully silenced phytoene desaturase (PDS) and magnesium chelatase subunit I (ChlI) in different cassava varieties and Nicotiana benthamiana. The silencing of the ChlI gene could persist for more than two months. Conclusions This CsCMV-based VIGS system provides a new tool for rapid and efficient gene function studies in cassava.

scholarly journals Lower temperature influences Cauliflower mosaic virus systemic infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alers-Velazquez ◽  
Sushant Khandekar ◽  
Clare Muller ◽  
Jennifer Boldt ◽  
Scott Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Particle ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Particle Release ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure

AbstractLower temperatures delayed development of systemic symptoms by Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in two different plant hosts. However, lower temperature exposure increased CaMV nucleic acid levels in leaves of systemically-infected turnips. Furthermore, lower temperature altered the formation of aggregates formed by the CaMV major inclusion body (IB) protein, P6. Finally, lower temperature altered the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. These data may suggest that lower temperatures alter the actin cytoskeleton, facilitating the formation of larger IBs that hold on to their internal virions more strongly than small ones, impairing virus particle release and causing a delay in systemic infection.

scholarly journals Multiple Domains Within the Cauliflower mosaic virus Gene VI Product Interact with the Full-Length Protein

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Li ◽  
Scott M. Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
Self Association ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Two Hybrid

The Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) gene VI product (P6) is a multifunctional protein essential for viral propagation. It is likely that at least some of these functions require P6 self-association. The work described here was performed to confirm that P6 self-associates and to identify domains involved in this interaction. Yeast two-hybrid analyses indicated that full-length P6 self-associates and that this interaction is specific. Additional analyses indicated that at least four independent domains bind to full-length P6. When a central domain (termed domain D3) was removed, these interactions were abolished. However, this deleted P6 was able to bind to the full-length wild-type protein and to isolated domain D3. Viruses lacking domain D3 were incapable of producing a systemic infection. Isolated domain D3 was capable of binding to at least two of the other domains but was unable to self-associate. This suggests that domain D3 facilitates P6 self-association by binding to the other domains but not itself. The presence of multiple domains involved in P6 self-association may help explain the ability of this protein to form the intracellular inclusions characteristic of caulimoviruses.

Transmission of a wheat alien chromosome translocation with resistance to the wheat curl mite in common wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. P. Whelan ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
J. B. Thomas ◽  
A. D. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tulipae ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Homozygous Resistant

A translocation between a common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome and chromosome 6 of Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub conferred resistance to feeding by Eriophyes (= Aceria) tulipae Keifer, the mite vector of wheat streak mosaic virus and the wheat spot mosaic agent. Resistance was dominant, but differential transmission occurred between the pollen and the egg. Transmission of resistance through the pollen was low, about 3% in 'Cadet', 'Rescue', and 'Winalta', but significantly higher in 'Norstar' (9.1%). Significant differences also were detected in transmission through the egg. 'Cadet' had the highest transmission (50.9%) and 'Rescue' the lowest (40.5%). However, there were no significant differences among varieties in the frequencies of resistance (50.3–54.5%) in the F2. Less than 10% of the F2 plants were homozygous resistant. Selfed progeny from monosomic or disomic F1 plants from crosses between the homozygous translocation and group-6 monosomics all segregated for susceptibility. Meiotic studies of 25 susceptible F2 plants from these F1 monosomics showed that 21 were either monosomic or disomic and only 4 were nullisomic, indicating that the translocation did not involve any of the group-6 homoeologues. The translocation is considered to be a noncompensating translocation involving a whole arm of chromosome 6 of E. pontica.Key words: wheat, mite (wheat curl), translocation, Triticum.

Systemic infection of some N-gene-carrying Nicotiana species and cultivars after inoculation with tobacco mosaic virus

1977 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Dijkstra ◽  
G. C. A. Bruin ◽  
Ankie C. Burgers ◽  
L. C. Loon ◽  
Christien Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Nicotiana Species

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Desert Rose in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Chen ◽  
Y. S. Chang ◽  
Y. W. Lin ◽  
M. Y. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
First Report ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Line Patterns

Desert rose (Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult, family Apocynaceae) is native to southeastern Africa, and is a perennial potted ornamental with colorful flowers that are popular in Taiwan. Symptoms of mosaic and chlorotic ringspots and line patterns on leaves were observed in July 2010, on all eight plants in a private garden in Potzu, Chiayi, Taiwan. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of approximately 28 nm were observed in crude sap prepared from symptomatic leaves. Virus culture was established by successive local lesion isolation in Chenopodium quinoa and was maintained in the systemic host Nicotiana tabacum van Hicks. The virus was mechanically transmissible to indicator plants and induced symptoms similar to those incited by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Observed symptoms included local lesions on inoculated leaves of C. amaranticolor and systemic mosaic in Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, N. benthamiana, N. glutinosa, and N. rustica. On N. tabacum, necrotic ringspots developed on inoculated leaves followed by systemic mosaic. Serological tests using ELISA assays and western blotting indicated that the virus reacted positively to a rabbit antiserum prepared to CMV (4). Amplicons of an expected size (1.1 kb) were obtained in reverse transcription-PCR with primers specific to the 3′-half of CMV RNA 3 (3) using total RNA extracted from infected desert rose and N. tabacum. The amplified cDNA fragment was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AB667971). Nucleotide sequences of the coat protein open reading frame (CP ORF) (657 nt) had 92 to 96% and 76 to 77% sequence identity to those of CMV in subgroups I (GenBank Accession Nos. NC_001440, D00385, M57602, D28780, and AB008777) and II (GenBank Accession Nos. L15336, AF127976, AF198103, and M21464), respectively. Desert roses infected by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (1) and CMV (2) have been reported previously. In spite of the plants showing mosaic symptoms similar to that caused by CMV (2) and chlorotic ringspots and line patterns caused by TSWV (1), only CMV was detected in and isolated from these infected desert roses. However, the possibility of mixed infection of CMV and other viruses were not excluded in this research. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in desert rose plants occurring in Taiwan. References: (1) S. Adkins and C. A. Baker. Plant Dis. 89:526, 2005. (2) C. A. Baker et al. Plant Dis. 87:1007, 2003. (3) Y. K. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:1631, 2001. (4) Y. K. Chen and C. C. Yang. Plant Dis. 89:529, 2005.

Comparisons of poa semilatent and barley stripe mosaic viruses

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Polák ◽  
J. T. Slykhuis
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Cross Absorption ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Agropyron Trachycaulum

Poa semilatent virus (PSLV), which caused chlorosis and rapid death of inoculated wheat, infected a number of grasses susceptible to barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV); but it also infected Agropyron trachycaulum and Poa palustris which were not susceptible to a barley strain or two oat-infecting strains of BSMV. Conversely BSMV caused local lesions on several species of Chenopodium that did not become infected with PSLV. BSMV protected wheat from infection by PSLV, but PSLV caused only partial protection from BSMV.The normal length and thickness of particles in leaf-dip preparations was 161 × 26 mμ for PSLV and 133 × 25 mμ for BSMV.Serological relationship was not indicated by the Ouchterlony agar double-diffusion test or leaf-dip serology. A distant relationship was shown with the microprecipitin test and the ring interface precipitin test. In cross absorption tests the titers of the antisera to the homologous viruses were not reduced by absorption with the heterologous viruses.PSLV and BSMV appear to be distantly related serotypes.

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