Malus tissue cultures. II. Sorbitol metabolism and carbon nutrition

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
C. D. Taper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Callus Type

Growth of callus cultures from stem explants of Malus pumila, cultivars McIntosh and Cortland, and of M. robusta No. 5, and from cotyledon explants of McIntosh was compared on standard medium with sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, and fructose, each at concentrations of 3 and 6%, and on nine other carbon sources, each at 3% concentration. Fructose was generally the most effective of the 13 carbon sources tested, although depending on concentration and callus type, sorbitol, glucose, and sucrose were as effective as fructose. Sucrose, accumulating in quantities ranging between 40 and 87% of total carbohydrate, was the predominant carbohydrate constituent found in all cultures grown on both concentrations (3 and 6%) of sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, and fructose except those grown on 6% sorbitol, which accumulated between 68 and 75% sorbitol. Cultures grown on sugars at the higher concentration accumulated between 6 and 34% sorbitol, whereas in corresponding cultures grown at the lower concentration no sorbitol was detected.

Malus tissue cultures. I. Sorbitol (D-glucitol) as a carbon source for callus initiation and growth

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
C. D. Taper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Callus Initiation

Callus cultures from 1-year-old twigs of the apple, Malus pumila, cultivars McIntosh, Cortland, and Red Delicious, and of the crabapple rootstock, Malus robusta No. 5, were successfully isolated and maintained on a medium with sorbitol as the sole carbon source. Investigation with various carbon sources, each at 3% concentration, showed that McIntosh callus grew equally well on sorbitol, sucrose, and glucose. Cortland and Robusta cultures responded equally to sorbitol and glucose but poorly to sucrose. The relative growths of the callus cultures on sorbitol were in the decreasing order, McIntosh, Cortland, and Robusta. Sorbitol served as an excellent carbon source for all three cultures.

scholarly journals Badanie wzrostu kultur korzeniowych oraz tworzenia i wzrostu in vitro kalusów z różnych organów marchmi odmiany Terfekcja [Growth and callus formation of tissue cultures derived from various carrot organs]

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Anna M. Domańska ◽  
Aldona Rennert
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Bee Bread

The clones of excised roots, leaves, petioles, cotylenods, hypocotyls and root calluses derived from the respective carrot fragments (cv. 'Perfekcja' commonly cultivated in Poland) were cultured <i>in vitro</i>. An influence of thiamine concentrations on the growth of root tissue was examined. Several various media were tested for callus cultures. Bee bread extract was also applied. The growth of isolated clones during early and later culture periods was compared.

Biosynthetic and cytological studies in tissue cultures and regenerated plants of haploid Atropa belladonna

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2781-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Eapen ◽  
T. S. Rangan ◽  
M. S. Chadha ◽  
M. R. Heble
Keyword(s):  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Atropa Belladonna ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Alkaloid Contents

Tissue cultures have been established from leaves of one anther-derived haploid plant of Atropa belladonna L. Regenerants obtained from callus cultures were transferred to soil and reared to maturity. Callus cells and regenerants exhibited variable degrees of ploidy. The frequency of different ploidy levels in both the systems did not vary significantly during fifth to eighth serial passages.Callus tissue and regenerated plants (at flowering stage) were analyzed to determine the concentration of tropine, atropine, scopolamine, and total alkaloids. While the alkaloid content in callus cultures was very low (0.8 × 10−3%), the regenerated plants contained different levels of individual and total alkaloids. The ploidy of the plant had direct bearing on the individual and total alkaloid contents.

scholarly journals Growth characteristics and dynamics of protein synthesis in callus cultures from Glycine wightii (Wight & Arn.) Verdc.

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Coelho da Silva ◽  
Cecília Sulzbacher Caruso ◽  
Renato de Azevedo Moreira ◽  
Ana Cecília Góes Horta
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Page Electrophoresis

Cotyledon explants were first cultured on MS medium supplemented with 4.52 M 2,4-D and 0.46 mM kinetin. The development of the calli was followed (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 days after) and the growth curve was determined, based in fresh and dry weight. The growth curve presented sigmoidal form with four distinct phases. The highest growth percentage was observed at the exponential phase and the lowest at the stationary phase. These results indicated that cotyledon callus subculture should be performed 20 days after inoculation. The calli obtained after a period of 28 days were freeze dried, macerated and submitted to extraction with buffers of different pH values (2.6; 4.0; 6.0; 8.0 and 10.0) and the proteins in the extracts were determined by Bradford method. The pH 8.0 buffer was the most efficient to extract the largest amount of protein. The amino acid analyses calli showed a high content of aspartic acid and low content of metionin. The dynamics of protein synthesis in calli was followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Plant Tissue Cultures of Juniperus virginiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kašparová ◽  
Jiřina Spilková ◽  
Ladislav Cvak ◽  
Tomáš Siatka ◽  
Jan Martin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Maximum Biomass ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures ◽  
One Year

Callus cultures of Juniperus virginiana L. (varieties ‘Hetzii’, ‘Glauca’, ‘Grey Owl’) were derived from fresh leaves of garden-grown trees on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.2 mg/L of kinetin and 15 mg/L of ascorbic acid. The growth characteristics of one-year-old and two-years-old cultures were determined. The maximum biomass in all varieties was achieved on the 35th day of the cultivation period. The increase in fresh weights of two-years-old callus cultures, when compared with one-year-old callus cultures, was as follows: variety ‘Hetzii’ by 25%, variety ‘Glauca’ by 29% and variety ‘Grey Owl’ by 49%. J. virginiana suspension cultures (varieties ‘Hetzii’, ‘Glauca’, ‘Grey Owl’) were derived from two-years-old callus cultures on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.2 mg/L of kinetin and 15 mg/L of ascorbic acid. The maximum biomass of all varieties was found on the 21st day of the cultivation period. These results indicate that a sub-cultivation interval of 35 days for callus cultures and of 21 days for suspension cultures can be recommended. The callus and suspension cultures of J. virginiana of the variety ‘Glauca’ have the best survivability and thus provide the most biomass.

Enrichment of Solanum khasianum Callus Generating Rootlets with Steroidal Glycoalkaloids

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 634-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra K. Kokate ◽  
Samir S. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Solanum Khasianum ◽  
Undifferentiated Callus

Abstract Undifferentiated callus cultures of Solanum khasianum contain only traces of steroidal glycoalkaloids, whereas cultures which have just started to generate rootlets contain these com pounds at a level of up to 5.2% of the dry weight. Only 0.34% steroidal glycoalkaloids occur in the seeds; they consist predominantly of solasonine and solanidine as well as traces of an unidentified com pound. Conversely, steroidal glycoalkaloids from tissue cultures starting organogenesis contain the unidentified com pound as a major fraction, in addition to small amounts of solasonine and solanidine.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Carbon Sources on Theanine Formation in Callus Cultures of Tea (Camellia sinensis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Takihara-Matsuura ◽  
Iwao Sakane ◽  
Takami Kakuda ◽  
Takuya Kitada ◽  
Tatsuyuki Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Callus Cultures

Sorbitol and sucrose as carbon source for callus culture of some species of the Rosaceae

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Coffin ◽  
C. D. Taper ◽  
Calvin Chong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Sucrose Medium

Initiation of stem callus cultures on a nutrient medium with either 3% sucrose and (or) 3% sorbitol as carbon source was attempted with 17 species selected from the following genera of the Rosaceae: Amelanchier, two spp.; Crataegus, one sp.; Malus, one sp.; Prunus, nine spp.; Pyrus, one sp.; Sorbus, two spp.; and Spiraea, one sp. In the case of Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana (crabapple), sucrose and sorbitol media were equally effective in callus initiation, and equal growth was maintained on these media. Callus of Spiraea vanhouttei was initiated only on sucrose medium and no callus of Prunus tenella formed on either medium. With all other species, callus was initiated and (or) gave better growth on further subculture on sucrose than on sorbitol medium, except for Prunus persica (peach), which grew better on sorbitol.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Alternative Components in Growth Media of Lactobacillus brevis for Halal Probiotic Preparation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Riyona Desvy Pratiwi ◽  
Sabighoh Zanjabila ◽  
Dian Fairuza ◽  
Aminah Aminah ◽  
Swastika Praharyawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
High Contribution ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Mrs Broth

Probiotic has been widely used in functional food because of numerous advantages for health. MRS broth is commonly used as standard medium in studying lactobacilli. However, in some communities - like muslim and vegetarian society, components in MRS broth/medium become an issue. Beef extract and peptone – animal derived substances as nitrogen sources in the MRS medium should be avoided for the vegetarian. Meanwhile, for the muslim society, all components must be halal-certified including those animal derived ingredients. Therefore, several alternative sources for beef extract and peptone substitution were studied. Combination of alternative nitrogen sources was applied. In order to increase the effect of the alternative nitrogen sources, alternative carbon sources were also included. This is the first report about effects of L. brevis media components on cells growth to expression level of surface layer protein (Slp). Whey, lactose, sucrose, and galactose showed high contribution to L. brevis growth. However, the tested concentration of those substances were not sufficient to obtain equal bacterial growth and Slp expression than that of MRS broth. In addition, yeast extract appeared necessary to maintain cell wall and Slp expression.

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