Sorbitol and sucrose as carbon source for callus culture of some species of the Rosaceae

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Coffin ◽  
C. D. Taper ◽  
Calvin Chong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Sucrose Medium

Initiation of stem callus cultures on a nutrient medium with either 3% sucrose and (or) 3% sorbitol as carbon source was attempted with 17 species selected from the following genera of the Rosaceae: Amelanchier, two spp.; Crataegus, one sp.; Malus, one sp.; Prunus, nine spp.; Pyrus, one sp.; Sorbus, two spp.; and Spiraea, one sp. In the case of Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana (crabapple), sucrose and sorbitol media were equally effective in callus initiation, and equal growth was maintained on these media. Callus of Spiraea vanhouttei was initiated only on sucrose medium and no callus of Prunus tenella formed on either medium. With all other species, callus was initiated and (or) gave better growth on further subculture on sucrose than on sorbitol medium, except for Prunus persica (peach), which grew better on sorbitol.

Malus tissue cultures. I. Sorbitol (D-glucitol) as a carbon source for callus initiation and growth

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
C. D. Taper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Callus Initiation

Callus cultures from 1-year-old twigs of the apple, Malus pumila, cultivars McIntosh, Cortland, and Red Delicious, and of the crabapple rootstock, Malus robusta No. 5, were successfully isolated and maintained on a medium with sorbitol as the sole carbon source. Investigation with various carbon sources, each at 3% concentration, showed that McIntosh callus grew equally well on sorbitol, sucrose, and glucose. Cortland and Robusta cultures responded equally to sorbitol and glucose but poorly to sucrose. The relative growths of the callus cultures on sorbitol were in the decreasing order, McIntosh, Cortland, and Robusta. Sorbitol served as an excellent carbon source for all three cultures.

Comparative Investigation on Formation and Accumulation of Rare Phenylpropanoids in Plants and in vitro Cultures of Pimpinella major

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Merkel ◽  
J. Reichling
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Liquid Nutrient Medium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Abstract Unorganized callus and leaf/root-differentiating callus cultures of Pimpinella major have been established in liquid nutrient medium. Their capacity to accumulate rare phenylpropanoids such as epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate, epoxy-anol tiglate and anol tiglate was compared with that of seedlings and whole plants. The unorganized callus cultures were not able to accumulate any phenylpropanoids. In comparison, the leaf/root-differentiating callus culture promoted the accumulation of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate (up to 90 mg/100 g fr.wt.) but not that of anol-derivatives. The accumulated amount of EPT in PMD-SH was comparable with that in plant seedlings.

scholarly journals Isolated culture of A. reptance L., its’ morphological and growth features

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Elen Poghosyan ◽  
Naira Sahakyan ◽  
Margarit Petrosyan ◽  
Irina Batlutskaya ◽  
Karen Trchounian
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A growing demand for the ecologically pure products brings us for searching novel biotechnological approaches for plant cultivation. One of these approaches is the in vitro cultivation and further acclimatization of valuable plant species. The object of our investigation was Ajugareptance L. ornamental plant which possesses high metabolic activity. In vitro cultivation was carried out applying Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium and its modifications. Acclimatization of in vitro plants was implemented according Hazarika. In the presence of twice higher concentration of cytokinins over auxins and 0.2 mg/ml gibberellins callus culture was formed from the leaf explants. Callus tissue was formed in the presence of 0.2 mg/ml kinetin and 2 mg/ml indole-3-acetic acid which has denser structure than the first one. The shoot formation was observed on callus cultures growing on the same medium approximately after 5th passage. Callus culture growth was supported also by the adding of 2 mg/ml 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For the micropropagation, the already formed shoots were transferred to the nutrient medium which contains only 0.1 mg/ml 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid as a phytohormone. A. reptans culture has high regenerative ability and the micro-propagation index was 104 – 105. In vitro regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the soil conditions during two-week period.

scholarly journals Introduction to in vitro culture and callus initiation in Salvia hispanica L. (chia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
A. Z. Revutskaya ◽  
A. V. Holubenko ◽  
N. V. Nuzhyna ◽  
H. O. Rudik ◽  
N. Yu. Taran
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Aim. Preparation of aseptic seedlings Salvia hispanica L., callus initiation in vitro and establishment of primary explants suitable for the callus production. Methods. Seeds are sprouted on our own modification of conventional methods. The non-hormonal Murashige-Skoog agarized nutrient medium was used as basic medium for the experiments. Parts of one-month seedlings (roots, hypocotyl, cotyledon leaves) were used as explants for the use of the colza. We added growth regulators (BAP, 2,4-D) in different concentration combinations into the nutrient medium for callus initiation. Statistical processing was performed in Microsoft Office Excel. Results. Aseptic S. hispanica seedlings have been obtained. The callus growth was initiated on all types of explants, the dependence of the callus intensity on the type of explants and the growth regulators content in the nutrient medium was established. Morphogenic callus and root-regenerants have been obtained. Conclusions. Hypocotyl was the most suitable primary explant for callus growth. Seedlings, leaves and roots showed low morphogenetic capacity. The nutrient medium with an elevated 2,4-D content was the most effective for initiation of callus genesis and proliferation of non-morphogenous callus. A high concentration of 2,4-D in the medium improves S. hispanica callus growth but suppresses its morphogenic ability.Keywords: Salvia hispanica (Chia), in vitro culture, callus.

scholarly journals Effect of Ultraviolet-C Radiation and Melatonin Stress on Biosynthesis of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Metabolites Produced in In Vitro Callus Cultures of Lepidium sativum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asad Ullah ◽  
Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽  
Laurine Garros ◽  
Samantha Drouet ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Lepidium sativum L. is a rich source of polyphenols that have huge medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. In the current study, an effective abiotic elicitation strategy was designed for enhanced biosynthesis of polyphenols in callus culture of L. sativum. Callus was exposed to UV-C radiations for different time intervals and various concentrations of melatonin. Secondary metabolites were quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated the total secondary metabolite accumulation of nine quantified compounds was almost three fold higher (36.36 mg/g dry weight (DW)) in melatonin (20 μM) treated cultures, whereas, in response to UV-C (60 min), a 2.5 fold increase (32.33 mg/g DW) was recorded compared to control (13.94 mg/g DW). Metabolic profiling revealed the presence of three major phytochemicals, i.e., chlorogenic acid, kaemferol, and quercetin, in callus culture of L. sativum. Furthermore, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and enzymatic activities of callus cultures were significantly enhanced. Maximum antidiabetic activities (α-glucosidase: 57.84%; α-amylase: 62.66%) were recorded in melatonin (20 μM) treated callus cultures. Overall, melatonin proved to be an effect elicitor compared to UV-C and a positive correlation in these biological activities and phytochemical accumulation was observed. The present study provides a better comparison of both elicitors and their role in the initiation of physiological pathways for enhanced metabolites biosynthesis in vitro callus culture of L. sativum.

Cyclamen callus culture

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Loewenberg
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum

Cyclamen persicum callus cultures have been established on a defined medium. The tissue requires an auxin and a cytokinin. Adenine, while not required, greatly stimulates growth. The callus grows more vigorously in the dark than in light. After more than 6 years of subculture, the callus retains the capacity to form roots and shoots.

scholarly journals Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saher Nazir ◽  
Hasnain Jan ◽  
Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽  
Samantha Drouet ◽  
Muhammad Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chicoric Acid

Thai basil is a renowned medicinal plant and a rich source of bioactive antioxidant compounds with several health benefits, with actions to prevent of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plant cell and tissue culture technologies can be routinely established as an important, sustainable and low-cost biomass source to produce high-value phytochemicals. The current study aimed at developing an effective protocol to produce Thai basil leaf-derived callus cultures with sustainable and high production of biomass and antioxidants as an alternative of leaves production. MS basal medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) compatible with nutraceutical applications (i.e., gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) either alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) were evaluated. Among all tested PGRs, the combination BAP:NAA (5 mg/L:1 mg/L) yields the maximum biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 190 g/L and dry weight (DW): 13.05 g/L) as well as enhanced phenolic (346.08 mg/L) production. HPLC quantification analysis indicated high productions of chicoric acid (35.77 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (7.35 mg/g DW) under optimized callus culture conditions. Antioxidant potential was assessed using both in vitro cell free and in vivo cellular antioxidant assays. Maximum in vitro antioxidant activity DPPH (93.2% of radical scavenging activity) and ABTS (1322 µM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) was also observed for the extracts from callus cultures grown in optimal conditions. In vivo cellular antioxidant activity assay confirmed the effective protection against oxidative stress of the corresponding extract by the maximum inhibition of ROS and RNS production. Compared to commercial leaves, callus extracts showed higher production of chicoric acid and rosmarinic acid associated with higher antioxidant capacity. In addition, this biological system also has a large capacity for continuous biomass production, thus demonstrating its high potential for possible nutraceutical applications.

Isoenzymes in cell cultures of bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Contender): isoenzymatic changes during the callus culture cycle and differences between stock cultures

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2621-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Arnison ◽  
W. G. Boll
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Bush Bean ◽  
Leucine Amino Peptidase ◽  
Culture Cycle ◽  
Enzyme Patterns ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns

Electrophoretic analyses of isoenzyme patterns were performed with extracts of root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon callus cultures derived from a single seedling. The enzymes studied included peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, malate and glutamate dehydrogenases, esterase, and leucine amino peptidase. Enzyme patterns changed during the culture cycle and several isoenzymes appeared only at certain times. The isoenzymatic patterns of the three cultures were very similar but persistent differences between them were observed.

Malus tissue cultures. II. Sorbitol metabolism and carbon nutrition

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
C. D. Taper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Callus Type

Growth of callus cultures from stem explants of Malus pumila, cultivars McIntosh and Cortland, and of M. robusta No. 5, and from cotyledon explants of McIntosh was compared on standard medium with sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, and fructose, each at concentrations of 3 and 6%, and on nine other carbon sources, each at 3% concentration. Fructose was generally the most effective of the 13 carbon sources tested, although depending on concentration and callus type, sorbitol, glucose, and sucrose were as effective as fructose. Sucrose, accumulating in quantities ranging between 40 and 87% of total carbohydrate, was the predominant carbohydrate constituent found in all cultures grown on both concentrations (3 and 6%) of sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, and fructose except those grown on 6% sorbitol, which accumulated between 68 and 75% sorbitol. Cultures grown on sugars at the higher concentration accumulated between 6 and 34% sorbitol, whereas in corresponding cultures grown at the lower concentration no sorbitol was detected.

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