A continuum of stomatal responses to water deficits among 17 wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera)

Vitis vinifera L. cultivars have been previously classified as isohydric, near-isohydric, anisohydric or isohydrodynamic, depending on the study. To test the hypothesis that V. vinifera cultivars’ stomatal behaviour can be separated into distinct classes, 17 cultivars grown in a replicated field trial were subjected to three irrigation treatments to manipulate vine water status across multiple years. Predawn (ΨPD) and midday (Ψl) leaf water potential and midday stomatal conductance (gs) were measured regularly throughout several seasons. The relationship of gs to Ψl was best modelled as a sigmoidal function and maximum stomatal conductance (gmax), water status at the onset of stomatal closure (Ψl95), sensitivity of closure (gsensitivity) and water status at the end of closure (Ψl25) were compared. There were no significant differences in gmax among cultivars. Cultivar-specific responses of gs to Ψl were broadly distributed along a continuum based on the relationship between Ψl95 and gsensitivity. Season-long cultivar mean Ψl values were positively related to Ψl25. In general, cultivars responded similarly to one another at high and low water status, but their stomatal behaviour differed at moderate water deficits. The results show that V. vinifera cultivars possess both iso- and anisohydric stomatal behaviours that depend on the intensity of water deficits, and call into question previous classifications assuming a single behaviour.

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Partial rootzone drying: regulation of stomatal aperture and carbon assimilation in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Moscatel)

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp02115 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 653 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Claudia R. de Souza ◽

João P. Maroco ◽

Tiago P. dos Santos ◽

M. Lucília Rodrigues ◽

Carlos M. Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Water Status ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Quantum Yields ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Partial Rootzone Drying

The effects of 'partial rootzone drying' (PRD) irrigation compared with other irrigation systems, namely non-irrigated (NI), full irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation (DI), on stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation were evaluated in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moscatel). At the end of the growing season, pre-dawn leaf water potential was highest in FI (–0.18 ± 0.01 MPa; mean ± s.e.), intermediate in PRD (–0.30�± 0.01 MPa) and DI (–0.36 ± 0.02 MPa), and lowest in NI vines (–0.64 ± 0.03 MPa). Stomatal conductance measured under controlled conditions of light and temperature was reduced in NI (ca 60%) and PRD (ca 30%) vines compared with DI and FI vines. Under ambient conditions, NI vines had lower rates of stomatal conductance (ca��26%), net CO2 assimilation (ca 28%) and light-adapted PSII quantum yields (ca 47%) than PRD, DI and FI vines. No significant differences were found among the three irrigated treatments. Both maximum electron transport rate (Jmax; ca 30%) and triose-phosphate utilization rates (TPU; ca 20%) were significantly lower in NI and PRD vines than in DI and FI vines. Carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of grape berries was highest in NI vines (–24.3), followed by PRD (–25.4) and DI (–25.8) and lowest in FI (–26.4) vines, suggesting a long-term increase in the efficiency of leaf gas exchange in NI compared with PRD, DI and FI vines. Sap-flow data and estimates of relative stomatal limitation are in accordance with the observed stomatal closure in PRD vines. In this study, we show that PRD irrigation was able to maintain a vine water status closed to FI, but with double water use efficiency, which was due to a reduction of stomatal conductance with no significant decrease in carbon assimilation.

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Stomatal behaviour of irrigated Vitis vinifera cv. Syrah following partial root removal

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp12091 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1019 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. Zufferey ◽

D. R. Smart

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Water Potential ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Root Pruning ◽

Sensitivity Factor ◽

Stem Water Potential ◽

Evaporative Demand ◽

Plant Hydraulics ◽

Stomatal Behaviour

We examined stomatal behaviour of a grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah) following partial root removal under field conditions during progressively developing water deficits. Partial root removal led to an increase in hydraulic resistances along the soil-to-leaf pathway and leaf wilting symptoms appeared in the root-pruned plants immediately following root removal. Leaves recovered from wilting shortly thereafter, but hydraulic resistances were sustained. In comparison with the non-root pruned vines, leaves of root-pruned vines showed an immediate decrease in both pre-dawn (ψPD) and midday (ψleaf) leaf water potential. The decline in ψPD was unexpected in as much as soil moisture was not altered and it has been shown that axial water transport readily occurs in woody perennials. Only ~30% of the functional root system was removed, thus leaving the system mainly intact for water redistribution. Stem water potential (ψStem) and leaf gas exchanges of CO2 (A) and H2O (E) also declined immediately following root pruning. The lowering of ψPD, ψleaf, ψStem, A and E was sustained during the entire growing season and was not dependent on irrigation during that time. This, and a close relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (Kplant), indicated that the stomatal response was linked to plant hydraulics. Stomatal closure was observed only in the root-restricted plants and at times of very high evaporative demand (VPD). In accordance with the Ball-Berry stomatal control model proposed by Ball et al. (1987), the stomatal sensitivity factor was also lower in the root-restricted plants than in intact plants as soil water availability decreased. Although ψPD, ψStem and ψLeaf changed modestly and gradually following root removal, gs changed dramatically and abruptly following removal. These results suggest the involvement of stomatal restricting signals being propagated following removal of roots.

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Differences in stomatal responses and root to shoot signalling between two grapevine varieties subjected to drought

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp09034 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 139 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Alexandros Beis ◽

Angelos Patakas

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Drought Adaptation ◽

Drought Period ◽

Chemical Signalling ◽

Stomatal Sensitivity ◽

Ph Increase ◽

The Relationship ◽

Maximum Stomatal Conductance

A comparative study on stomatal control between two grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cvs Sabatiano and Mavrodafni) differing in their ability for drought adaptation was conducted using 3-year-old own-rooted plants. The plants were subjected to prolonged drought stress by withholding irrigation water. The relationship between predawn water potential and maximum stomatal conductance indicated significant differences in stomatal sensitivity to drought between the two varieties. Stomatal closure occurred at higher values of predawn water potential in Sabatiano compared with Mavrodafni. No significant differences were found in plant hydraulic conductance and osmotic potential at full turgor (π100) between the two varieties. Leaf and root ABA concentrations increased more rapidly in Mavrodafni compared with Sabatiano at the beginning of the drought period. Furthermore, Mavrodafni also exhibited significantly higher xylem pH values as well as higher stomatal sensitivity to ABA and pH increase compared with Sabatiano. Results suggest that these two grapevine varieties might have evolved different strategies in order to adapt under drought conditions. In particular, the greater ability for drought adaptation in Sabatiano might be attributed to the more efficient regulation of stomatal closure. In contrast, chemical signalling in Mavrodafni seems to be the main mechanism for drought adaptation.

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