Macrophomina phaseolina in the Sonoran Desert

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Mihail ◽  
T. V. Orum ◽  
S. M. Alcorn ◽  
J. L. Stroehlein
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between microsclerotial populations of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and selected perennial species was investigated at five native Sonoran Desert sites. The population level of M. phaseolina was found to have an inverse relationship with the presence of several plant species, including Acacia constricta and Larrea tridentata, as measured by canopy cover, plant counts, and proximity of the soil sampling point to the nearest individual. Microsclerotia of M. phaseolina were detected in 45% of the 500 quadrats (3.3 m2) sampled, with a maximum observed population of 233 microsclerotia per 20 g soil. The microsclerotial populations of the five study sites showed significant aggregation as measured by Morisita's index of dispersion. No relationship was found between microsclerotial populations and soil pH, soil nitrate, or total soil nitrogen. The frequency of detection and population level of this agriculturally important pathogen raises questions concerning the role of the fungus in the Sonoran Desert ecosystem.

Do bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) mounds influence terrestrial macroinvertebrate assemblages in agricultural riparian zones?

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Borchard ◽  
Ian A. Wright ◽  
Clare McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Assemblages ◽  
Ecological Variability ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Study Sites

Riparian ecosystems contain a complex mosaic of habitat structure types that can support distinct macroinvertebrate communities. Bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) are often an integral component of agricultural riparian systems in south-eastern Australia. In these systems, wombats construct large burrow systems and mounds in the stream banks. Wombat mound structures vary markedly from the surrounding landscape and they may influence macroinvertebrate assemblages. We examined this ecosystem-engineering role of wombats as well as the ecological variability within our agricultural riparian study sites on the possible influence on macroinvertebrate assemblages. There were no detectable effects of wombat mounds on the richness or abundance of macroinvertebrates on the soil surface. At the site level, however, macroinvertebrate assemblages were most influenced by litter depth, upper canopy cover, cattle hoof prints and slope. The ecological variables within the study sites strongly affected macroinvertebrate assemblages. These findings reflect an influence of anthropogenic impact on communities of ground-dwelling invertebrates that have been found in other studies. It is possible that a finer resolution of taxa may highlight a unique pattern of macroinvertebrate use of wombat mounds.

scholarly journals Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1555) ◽  
pp. 3101-3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Forrest ◽  
Abraham J. Miller-Rushing
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Phenology affects nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Virtually all biological phenomena—from individual physiology to interspecific relationships to global nutrient fluxes—have annual cycles and are influenced by the timing of abiotic events. Recent years have seen a surge of interest in this topic, as an increasing number of studies document phenological responses to climate change. Much recent research has addressed the genetic controls on phenology, modelling techniques and ecosystem-level and evolutionary consequences of phenological change. To date, however, these efforts have tended to proceed independently. Here, we bring together some of these disparate lines of inquiry to clarify vocabulary, facilitate comparisons among habitat types and promote the integration of ideas and methodologies across different disciplines and scales. We discuss the relationship between phenology and life history, the distinction between organismal- and population-level perspectives on phenology and the influence of phenology on evolutionary processes, communities and ecosystems. Future work should focus on linking ecological and physiological aspects of phenology, understanding the demographic effects of phenological change and explicitly accounting for seasonality and phenology in forecasts of ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change.

Public mental health and occupational health

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Katie Blissard Barnes ◽  
Max Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter describes the wide-ranging role of occupational health in optimizing the health of the workforce and the workplace. In doing so it highlights the importance of the workplace for improving public mental health. It examines the relationship between work and public mental health from a number of angles, and describes how in the context of health inequalities mental health can each be seen as both an exposure and an outcome. It explores the impact that work can have on mental health. The main models describing the psychosocial work environment are explained. The chapter also explores the effect poor mental health can have on the workplace at an individual, organizational, and wider economic perspective. The unique role of occupational health in supporting employees and employers and benefits at the population level are emphasized.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhiza, carbon content and soil aggregation in Sonoran Desert plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Dolores Armenta Calderón ◽  
Sergio F. Moreno-Salazar ◽  
Eduardo Furrazola Gómez ◽  
Andrés Ochoa-Meza
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Soil Carbon Content ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Relevant Role

Desert trees and shrubs play a relevant role in stabilizing the deserts ecosystems, and mycorrhizal association is very important for its adaptation and survival in arid and semi-arid areas. The influence of mycorrhizic fungi on the formation of water stable aggregates through glomalin and on soil carbon content has been studied. We sampled the rhizosphere of representative trees (<em>Olneya tesota</em>, <em>Prosopis juliflora,</em> and<em> Parkinsonia microphylla</em>), and shrubs (<em>Jatropha cuneata</em> and <em>Larrea tridentata</em>) of the Sonoran Desert for four seasons in order to evaluate the mycorrhizal status, carbon and glomalin accumulation, and their relationship with water stable aggregates. Results showed that mycorrhizic association is present all the year on studied plants, with values from 1.2 to 57% of mycorrhizal colonization, with variations depending on the season. The accumulation of carbon in the soil profile has significant differences between plants and ranged from 1.1 to 1.75% for <em>Larrea</em> and <em>Prosopis</em>, respectively. The water stable aggregates were significantly different between plants and ranged between 24% and 42%. Glomalin correlation with carbon content and water stable aggregates shows the role of mycorrhizal fungi on soil quality, highlighting influence on carbon content in rhizosphere.

If you’re happy and you know it: Music engagement and subjective wellbeing

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K. Weinberg ◽  
Dawn Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Wellbeing Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Experiencing and engaging with music have been fundamental to all societies across the ages. This study explores the connection between habitual music engagement and subjective wellbeing. Subjective wellbeing (SWB) comprises individual evaluations of life satisfaction, and is internationally regarded at policy and government levels. The present study uses data gathered in 2014 as part of the 31st survey of the Australian Unity Wellbeing Index to provide insight into the relationship between music engagement and SWB. A stratified random sample of 1,000 participants was interviewed via telephone. The findings revealed that engaging with music by dancing or attending musical events was associated with higher SWB than for those who did not engage with music in these forms. The findings also emphasised the important role of engaging with music in the company of others with regard to SWB, highlighting an interpersonal feature of music. The study provides an overview of the general relationship between music and SWB at a population level, by contrast to most research in the area that has focused on evaluating clinical interventions involving music. The insight gained from these findings can be used to inform future interventions and to better understand how music is involved in emotional regulation.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

Social Support, Emotional Intelligence, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Hofman ◽  
Austin M. Hahn ◽  
Christine K. Tirabassi ◽  
Raluca M. Gaher
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Exposure to traumatic events and the associated risk of developing Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is a significant and overlooked concern in the college population. It is important for current research to identify potential protective factors associated with the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms unique to this population. Emotional intelligence and perceived social support are two identified protective factors that influence the association between exposure to traumatic events and PTSD symptomology. The current study examined the mediating role of social support in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD symptoms. Participants included 443 trauma-exposed university students who completed online questionnaires. The results of this study indicated that social support mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and reported PTSD symptoms. Thus, emotional intelligence is significantly associated with PTSD symptoms and social support may play an integral role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD. The current study is the first to investigate the role of social support in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD symptoms. These findings have important treatment and prevention implications with regard to PTSD.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

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