Embryogénèse somatique directe à partir de cultures d'anthères du Cichorium (Asteraceae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 970-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouna Guedira ◽  
Thérèse Dubois-Tylski ◽  
Jacques Vasseur ◽  
Jean Dubois
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cichorium Endivia ◽  
Anther Cultures ◽  
Adult Plants

Somatic embryoids and diploid plants have been obtained directly from anther cultures of an hybrid Cichorium intybus L. × Cichorium endivia L. maintained by micropropagation. Anthers at tetrad and microspore stages were the most reactive. Darkness and high temperature (35 °C) were necessary to obtain somatic embryo development on a medium with naphthylacetic acid (0.02 mg ∙ L−1) and 6-(dimethylallylamino)-purine (0.5 mg ∙ L−1). A combination of glutamine and ammonium nitrate was the most suitable nitrogen source. A short induction time (10 days) allowed the embryoids to grow into adult plants. Most plants from the somaclonal population derived from these embryoids showed a good phenotypic conformity, and some variants showed a large anthocyanic vein or narrow and incised leaves. Key words: somatic embryos, anthers, Cichorium, in vitro culture.

scholarly journals Introduction of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sh. Asadova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Adult Plants

A cell culture obtained from explants of adult plants and aseptic seedlings of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni variety with different levels of ploidy, characterized by high speed, proliferation and ability to morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Perkembangan kalus embriogenik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada tiga sistem kultur in vitro Development of embryogenic callus of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on three systems of in vitro culture

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline D KASI ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Temporary Immersion System ◽  
Embryogenic Cells ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Friable Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

Summary Embryogenic callus of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) has been grown on three systems of in vitro culture i.e. agar-solidified medium, liquid medium, and temporary immersion system (TIS) medium to observe and compare the development of embryogenic callus over one passage of six weeks.  A-half gram of embryogenic callus was cultured on a modified MS medium containing 10 mg/L   2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L kinetin. For histological studies, embryogenic callus was fixed in FAA and embedded in paraplast wax. Serial sections were stained with safranin 1% and observed microscopically. By the end of culture period, the development of embryogenic callus in TIS medium was relatively better than those of the other two media.  Fresh weight of callus in liquid medium and TIS increased by 6.5-fold, while on agar-solidified medium increased by 5.4-fold in six weeks.  About 40% of callus in liquid medium and TIS and 20% of callus on agar solidified medium have changed into somatic embryos at globular stage. Histology structure of embryogenic callus of the three systems of in vitro culture shows different pattern. On agar-solidified medium, secondary callus and friable embryogenic callus that consist of meristematic cells were formed. In contrast, more embryogenic cells were formed in liquid medium and TIS to support maturation process to somatic embryos. Therefore, temporary immersion system and liquid medium are recommended for maturation of embryogenic callus, whereas agar-solidified medium is for proliferation of embryogenic callus of sago.  Ringkasan Kalus embriogenik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) telah ditumbuhkan pada tiga sistem kultur in vitro yaitu medium padat, medium cair, dan medium dengan sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) untuk mempelajari dan mem-bandingkan perkembangan dari kalus embrio-genik selama periode enam minggu. Setengah gram kalus embriogenik dikulturkan pada medium MS modifikasi yang mengandung  2,4-D 10 mg/L dan kinetin 0,1 mg/L.  Untuk studi histologi, kalus embriogenik difiksasi dengan FAA dan embedding menggunakan lilin paraplast. Irisan diwarnai dengan safranin 1% dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop. Pada akhir periode kultur, pertumbuhan kalus pada medium dengan SPS lebih baik dibandingkan dengan medium cair dan padat. Bobot basah kalus pada  medium cair dan SPS meningkat 6,5 kali sedangkan pada medium padat meningkat 5,4 kali dalam waktu enam minggu. Sebanyak 40% kalus pada medium cair dan SPS serta 20% kalus pada medium padat berubah menjadi embrio somatik fase globuler. Struktur histologi kalus embriogenik pada ketiga jenis sistem kultur in vitro menunjukkan pola yang berbeda. Pada medium padat terjadi pembentukan kalus sekunder dan kalus embriogenik remah yang terdiri atas sel-sel meristematik. Sebaliknya pada medium cair dan SPS pembentukan sel embriogenik lebih banyak yang menunjang proses pendewasaan menjadi embrio somatik. Oleh karena itu, medium cair dan SPS direkomendasikan untuk pendewasaan kalus embriogenik, sedangkan medium padat untuk proliferasi kalus embriogenik sagu. 

In vitro culture ofBellevalia romana (L.) Rchb. I. Plant regeneration through adventitious shoots and somatic embryos

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lupi ◽  
A. Bennici ◽  
D. Gennai
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Adventitious Shoots

scholarly journals Determinación histológica de regenerantes de Euchile mariae (Ames) Withner, (Orchidaceae), obtenidos a partir de protocormos cultivados in vitro

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Suárez-Quijada ◽  
Estela Sandoval-Zapotilla ◽  
Mabel Hernández-Altamirano ◽  
Víctor Chávez-Ávila
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Leaf Primordium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Modified Ms Medium ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Average Size

From the germination of seeds of Euchile mariae in modified MS medium, the formation of pro- tocorms was achieved. Once these reached an average size from 2 to 5 mm long and the formation of his first leaf primordium, they were used like explants to induce a morphogenetic response. Through in vitro culture of top and bottom protocorms sections, were obtained differentiated structures from asexual origin. Their morphology was similar to protocorms obtained from the germination of seeds, in this way we call them protocorm like bodies (PLB’s). Through of the histological analysis of these structures it was possible to reveal that these PLB’s turned out to be somatic embryos. The histochemical tests demonstrate the pres- ence of cellular contents like: proteins, lipids and starch; both in the cells of the embryos as well as in the cells of initial tissues. 

scholarly journals EFFICIENT in vitro PROPAGATION OF Amaranthus viridis L. USING NODE EXPLANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Tour Jan ◽  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Bilal Muhammad ◽  
_ Tariq ◽  
Ali Mansoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Dark Green

Hyperhydricity is a frequently problem in plants during in vitro culture and affected micropropagation ofplants. To develop an efficient in vitro regenerated system without hyperdydricity, we demonstrated the effectof different disinfected agents (mercuric chlorite and hypochlorite), growth regulators, their concentrationsand combinations, Agar, pH, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and number of subcultures. Mercuric chlorite at0.07% and exposing time (9–10 min) was appropriate for hygienic culture. The shoots induced by Benzyladnine(BA) alone or in combination with α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) exhibited maximum multiplicationwith symptoms of hyperhydricity than those induced by Kinetin alone or in combination with NAA. Hyperhydricitywas also reduced by increasing the concentration of agar, pH and elimination of NH4NO3 from themacroelements of Murashig and Skoog (MS) medium. Repeated subcultures affected both multiplication andhyperhydricity. The multiplication of shoots increased from parental culture up to 5th subculture and thereafterdeclined in 6th subculture. Although shoot hyperhydricity were observed from 1st subculture (19%) andthen increased up to 85% in 6th subculture. This increased in hyperhydricity could be due to the remaininginfluence of hormones. In shoots of 5th subculture the content of chlorophyll (dark green) were higher thanshoots of 6th subculture.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK PURWOCENG MELALUI IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA DAN SELEKSI IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
IKA ROOSTIKA ◽  
IRENG DARWATI ◽  
YUDIWANTI YUDIWANTI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Low Altitude

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Peningkatkan keragaman genetik purwoceng memerlukan aplikasi<br />teknologi alternatif yang mampu membentuk keragaman baru. Tujuan<br />penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik dan toleransi<br />purwoceng terhadap cekaman suhu tinggi melalui iradiasi dan seleksi in<br />vitro. Tahapan penelitian meliputi induksi mutasi kalus embriogenik<br />dengan sinar gamma, seleksi in vitro dengan cekaman suhu tinggi, induksi<br />perakaran  somaklon  putatif,  analisis  keragaman  genetik  secara<br />flowcytometry, dan aklimatisasi somaklon putatif. Iradiasi dilakukan pada<br />dosis 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 Krad sedangkan seleksi in vitro dilakukan pada<br />tiga level suhu (20, 25, dan 30 0 C). Induksi perakaran dilakukan dalam dua<br />tahap, dengan menggunakan media DKW atau MS yang mengandung<br />sukrosa 3-6% dengan penambahan IBA atau NAA taraf 0,5-1,5 ppm. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kalus purwoceng mampu bertahan hidup<br />pada dosis iradiasi tertinggi (5 Krad). Meningkatnya dosis iradiasi<br />cenderung meningkatkan pendewasaan embrio somatik. Pada tahap seleksi<br />in vitro, kalus purwoceng mampu tumbuh pada kondisi suhu tertinggi<br />(30 0 C). Tingkat proliferasi kalus yang tinggi dan jumlah embrio somatik<br />terbanyak diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu 25 0 C. Embrio somatik yang<br />terbentuk dari perlakuan suhu tinggi tersebut merupakan kandidat<br />somaklon yang toleran suhu tinggi pada lingkungan dataran rendah.<br />Diantara embrio somatik yang terbentuk, hanya embrio yang berasal dari<br />perlakuan suhu 20 0 C saja yang berhasil membentuk planlet. Media yang<br />terbaik untuk induksi perakaran adalah media MS yang mengandung<br />sukrosa 4% dengan penambahan NAA 1,5 ppm. Analisis ploidi pada daun<br />embrio somatik menunjukkan terbentuknya varian yang bersifat tetraploid<br />(4x).<br />Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan, iradiasi sinar gamma, seleksi in vitro,<br />keragaman genetik, suhu tinggi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />To improve new pruatjan genetic variations, the alternative<br />technology should be applied. The objective of the research was to increase<br />pruatjan genetic variation and tolerance to the high temperature through<br />induced mutation and in vitro selection. The steps of this study were induced<br />mutation of embryogenic callus by gamma irradiation, in vitro selection, root<br />induction of putative somaclones, genetic variation analysis by flowcytometer,<br />and putative somaclones acclimatization. The dosages of gamma irradiation<br />were 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Krad. In vitro selection was conducted at three<br />temperatures (20, 25, and 30 0 C). The root induction was conducted in two<br />steps by using DKW or MS media containing of 3-6% sucrose with<br />addition of 0.5-1.5 ppm IBA or NAA. The result showed that embryogenic<br />calli could survive after treatment of the highest gamma irradiation dose. It<br />tends to increase the maturation of somatic embryos. During in vitro<br />selection, embryogenic calli could grow at the highest temperature but the<br />highest callus proliferation and the number of somatic embryos were<br />obtained from 25 0 C. The somatic embryos survived and grew at the high<br />temperature are assumed as somaclones which considered as the<br />candidates of tolerant plants to high temperature that can be developed in<br />the of low altitude area. Among the regenerated somatic embryos, only the<br />20 0 C-derived embryos were successfully form plantlets. The best medium<br />for root induction was MS basal medium containing of 4% sucrose<br />supplemented with 1.5 ppm NAA. The ploidy analysis of somatic embryos<br />leaf showed a tetraploid (4x) variant.<br />Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, gamma irradiation, in vitro selection,<br />genetic variation, high temperature</p>

Assessment of culture medium without commercial ammonium nitrate for in vitro culture of industrially important plant species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Singh ◽  
Ravishankar Chauhan ◽  
Inderpal Kaur ◽  
Afaque Quraishi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Culture Medium

scholarly journals Virus Elimination from In Vitro Potato Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Paulina Smyda-Dajmund
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Potato Plants

Abstract The routine and the most effective method of viruses elimination from potato plants is in vitro culture of apical shoots combined with thermo- and/or chemotherapy. At times electrotherapy or cryotherapy is also applied. Elimination of potato viruses by thermotherapy required treatment of infected plants with high temperature (35°C - 45°C) for about two weeks. Thermotherapy is useful for elimination of PLRV and PVY from potato plants. In chemotherapy antimetabolite, like ribavirin is used. Chemotherapy is dedicated for elimination of PVM, PVS and PVX. Very often the successful virus elimination require a few cycles of thermo- and/ or chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Somatic embryos response against iron stress in in-vitro culture condition of East Kalimantan (Indonesia) rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
NURHASANAH NURHASANAH ◽  
RAMITA ◽  
BAMBANG SUPRIYANTO ◽  
WIDI SUNARYO
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Condition ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
East Kalimantan

Abstract. Nurhasanah, Ramita, Supriyanto B, Sunaryo W. 2019. Somatic embryos response against iron stress in in-vitro culture condition of East Kalimantan (Indonesia) rice. Biodiversitas 20: 2288-2294. Iron toxicity is major abiotic stress that limits rice production in most tropical regions. A high iron concentration will lead to the abnormal growth and development, decreased yield, and even death of the plant. Compared to other recommended treatments to overcome iron toxicity problems, the use of tolerant cultivars is considered the most effective and efficient approach. In this study, the tolerant character against iron stress was developed using East Kalimantan local rice cultivars through somaclonal variation and in vitro selection. The somatic embryos from four indica rice cultivars, Mayas Pancing, Gedagai, Siam, and Serai, were selected in iron-containing media. Five levels of iron concentrations were applied in the selection media 0; 27.8; 55.6; 83.4, and 111.2 mg.L-1 of FeSO4.7H2O. The media acidity was adjusted to pH 4.00 for iron-containing media and 5.8 for the zero iron concentration (without iron). The results showed that the survival ability of embryonic calli (EC) was significantly influenced by the level of iron concentration. The absence of an iron source in the selection media led to lower EC survival. The percentage of EC survival ability was even lower than that of the presence of two folds of normal iron concentration (55.6 mgL-1 of FeSO4.7H2O). Three and four folds of the normal iron concentration (83.6 mg.L-1 and 111.2 mg.L-1 FeSO4.7H2O) mostly produced the lowest percentage of EC survival for the four local rice cultivars. Mayas Pancing had better tolerance to iron stress and the highest EC survival number compared to other genotypes. The role of genotype was clearly observed in the regeneration ability of EC. Plantlets were only produced on the EC from the Serai Gunung and Siam cultivars.

scholarly journals Management of stockplant for the in vitro culture of nodal segments of guava (Psidium guajava L.).

1969 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Maribel Ramírez-Villalobos ◽  
Silvia León de Sierralta ◽  
Merylin Marín ◽  
Alba Nava
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Adult Plants

Nodal segments collected from shoots of adult grafts on juvenile rootstocks from seedlings grown under full sun and shade (40%), and from adult plants grown without and with shade (80%) were cultivated in vitro. In addition, nodal segments from field grown plants were cultivated in vitro under the following conditions: control; sixty days after dormex (hydrogenated cyanamide 49%) application at 2% and 4%; sixty days after partial pruning; and 75 days of 80% shading. Sixty days after culture initiation, seedlings and adult plants under shade produced no browning explants. The highest percentage of budbreak (PBB) (100%) was obtained at 20 days in explants of seedlings; at 40 days in explants of adult plants under shade. At sixty days, adult and grafted plants without shade presented 40% and 35% browning explants, respectively, and 85% and 80% budbreak explants, respectively. At sixty days, the control treatment produced 65% budbreak; the dormex treatment with the concentrations of 2% and 4%, 80% and 70% PBB, respectively; the partial pruning, 65%. Dormex application at 2% increased PBB and percentage of leaves formed to more than that of the control.

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