Cluster root formation by Gymnostoma papuanum (Casuarinaceae) in relation to aeration and mineral nutrient availability in water culture

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2564-2570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Racette ◽  
Isabelle Louis ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Cluster Root

The term cluster root is used to refer to a dense cluster of determinate lateral roots (rootlets), in preference to the terms proteoid root and proteoid-like root used by other authors. Cluster roots are often formed by the actinorhizal plant Gymnostoma papuanum. In water culture, cluster root formation by G. papuanum was influenced by aeration, phosphorus level, and nitrogen source. Aeration was a critical factor, with nonaerated rooted cuttings having far fewer cluster roots than aerated ones. Phosphorus deficiency was the single nutrient deficiency that led to increased cluster root formation. Seedlings, grown under conditions of either low (0.8 mg∙L−1) or no phosphorus, responded by devoting a greater portion of root growth to the production of cluster roots, with no overall reduction in root growth for 6 weeks. The response to varying phosphorus level was modified by providing nitrogen in different forms. Supplying nitrogen as ammonium resulted in low levels of cluster root formation. Supplying nitrate to nodulated seedlings led to an increase in cluster root formation in comparison with plants that depended solely upon dinitrogen fixation by Frankia. Greatest cluster root formation occurred on plants grown in aerated water cultures supplied with nitrate and with little or no phosphorus. Key words: Gymnostoma papuanum, cluster roots, proteoid roots, phosphorus deficiency.

On tripartite Frankia–mycorrhizal associations in the Myricaceae

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1708-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhama Berliner ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Cluster Root

Actinomycorrhizal symbiosis was studied in Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. and in Myrica gale L., both of the Myricaceae. Root nodules were common in all Comptonia plants in their natural habitats and in pot cultures under greenhouse conditions. Spontaneous actinorhizal infection under greenhouse conditions differed in two native forest soils. Spontaneous mycorrhizal infection in C. peregrina and in M. gale was found neither in natural habitats nor in plants growing in native forest soils under greenhouse conditions. Comptonia peregrina and M. gale inoculated with the actinomycete Frankia, with the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices, or with Frankia and G. intraradices together were infected by Frankia only. The nodulated plants were significantly larger compared with unnodulated plants, and their root systems showed acetylene reduction in a bioassay for nitrogenase activity. Uninfected Comptonia plants that grew in a forest soil under greenhouse conditions developed well when watered with a complete mineral nutrient solution or with a solution that lacked phosphorus, but degenerated when watered with a solution that lacked combined nitrogen or with deionized water. Comptonia peregrina and M. gale formed cluster roots that resembled proteoid roots in the Proteaceae. In Comptonia, cluster-root formation in sand culture was common in nodulated plants as well as in unnodulated plants. In M. gale, cluster-root formation was common in nodulated plants and infrequent in unnodulated plants.

scholarly journals Update on White Lupin Cluster Root Acclimation to Phosphorus Deficiency Update on Lupin Cluster Roots

2011 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyun Cheng ◽  
Bruna Bucciarelli ◽  
Jianbo Shen ◽  
Deborah Allan ◽  
Carroll P. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Cluster Root

scholarly journals Dynamic Development of White Lupin Rootlets Along a Cluster Root

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Le Thanh ◽  
Bárbara Hufnagel ◽  
Alexandre Soriano ◽  
Fanchon Divol ◽  
Laurent Brottier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Temporal Gradient ◽  
Cluster Root ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Two Stages

White lupin produces cluster roots in response to phosphorus deficiency. Along the cluster root, numerous short rootlets successively appear, creating a spatial and temporal gradient of developmental stages that constitutes a powerful biological model to study the dynamics of the structural and functional evolution of these organs. The present study proposes a fine histochemical, transcriptomic and functional analysis of the rootlet development from its emergence to its final length. Between these two stages, the tissue structures of the rootlets were observed, the course of transcript expressions for the genes differentially expressed was monitored and some physiological events linked to Pi nutrition were followed. A switch between (i) a growing phase, in which a normal apical meristem is present and (ii) a specialized phase for nutrition, in which the rootlet is completely differentiated, was highlighted. In the final stage of its determinate growth, the rootlet is an organ with a very active metabolism, especially for the solubilization and absorption of several nutrients. This work discusses how the transition between a growing to a determinate state in response to nutritional stresses is found in other species and underlines the fundamental dilemma of roots between soil exploration and soil exploitation.

EFFECT OF METAL NANOPARTICLES ON THE GROWTH OF NGOC LINH GINSENG (PANAX VIETNAMENSIS) LATERAL ROOTS CULTURED IN VITRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (1C) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong Tan Nhut ◽  
Nguyen Thi Nhat Linh ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Loc ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
Vu Thi Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins

<p><em>Panax vietnamensis</em> (Ngoc Linh ginseng) plays critical roles in pharmaceutical industry because triterpenoid saponins from its roots produce medicine for improving health and treating many diseases. Metal nanoparticles reveal completely new or improved properties based on specific characteristics such as size, distribution and morphology compare to metal ion or salt; and their potential for <em>in vitro </em>plant cultures. Present study investigated the effects of metal nanoparticles including nZnO (0.5-2.5 mg/l), nAg (1-3 mg/l), and nCu (1-3 mg/l) supplemented in free-hormone-MS medium to <em>in vitro Panax vietnamensis </em>lateral root growth. Our results showed that metal nanoparticles have the positive effect on the growth of<em> in vitro P. vietnamensis </em>lateral<em> </em>roots with nAg, nCu, and nZnO. At different concentrations, <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis </em>lateral root growth also has various effects on the growth of lateral roots. In supplemented metal nanoparticle treatments, nCu is the most optimum for <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis</em> lateral root growth; the highest increase was obtained at 1.5 mg/l nCu treatment (99.3% lateral root formation and all root growth indexes are the highest). Besides, 2.5 mg/l nAg is also significantly noticed in ginseng root growth. However, the negative impact on the growth of the <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis</em> lateral roots showed when culture medium contained the highest concentration; such as the root growing inhibition of nCu and nAg above 2.5 mg/l. Especially, this decrease was higher with the application of nZnO0.5-2.5 mg/l (decrease the lateral root number) and 2.5 mg/l (decrease percent of lateral root formation).</p>

Root-derived auxin contributes to the phosphorus-deficiency-induced cluster-root formation in white lupin (Lupinus albus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Bin Meng ◽  
Xue Di You ◽  
Dong Suo ◽  
Yun Long Chen ◽  
Caixian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Cluster Root

scholarly journals EFFECT OF METAL NANOPARTICLES ON THE GROWTH OF NGOC LINH GINSENG (PANAX VIETNAMENSIS) LATERAL ROOTS CULTURED IN VITRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (1C) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Nhật Linh ◽  
Hoàng Thanh Tùng ◽  
Vũ Thị Hiền ◽  
Vũ Quốc Luận ◽  
Nguyễn Phúc Huy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins

<p><em>Panax vietnamensis</em> (Ngoc Linh ginseng) plays critical roles in pharmaceutical industry because triterpenoid saponins from its roots produce medicine for improving health and treating many diseases. Metal nanoparticles reveal completely new or improved properties based on specific characteristics such as size, distribution and morphology compare to metal ion or salt; and their potential for <em>in vitro </em>plant cultures. Present study investigated the effects of metal nanoparticles including nZnO (0.5-2.5 mg/l), nAg (1-3 mg/l), and nCu (1-3 mg/l) supplemented in free-hormone-MS medium to <em>in vitro Panax vietnamensis </em>lateral root growth. Our results showed that metal nanoparticles have the positive effect on the growth of<em> in vitro P. vietnamensis </em>lateral<em> </em>roots with nAg, nCu, and nZnO. At different concentrations, <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis </em>lateral root growth also has various effects on the growth of lateral roots. In supplemented metal nanoparticle treatments, nCu is the most optimum for <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis</em> lateral root growth; the highest increase was obtained at 1.5 mg/l nCu treatment (99.3% lateral root formation and all root growth indexes are the highest). Besides, 2.5 mg/l nAg is also significantly noticed in ginseng root growth. However, the negative impact on the growth of the <em>in vitro P. vietnamensis</em> lateral roots showed when culture medium contained the highest concentration; such as the root growing inhibition of nCu and nAg above 2.5 mg/l. Especially, this decrease was higher with the application of nZnO0.5-2.5 mg/l (decrease the lateral root number) and 2.5 mg/l (decrease percent of lateral root formation).</p>

scholarly journals Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the root growth of lentil seedlings grown in rhizobox

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Chandra Sarker ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Primary Root Length

Phosphorus deficiency resulted in an increase in the length of primary root, length and number of lateral roots, root hairs and root meristem volume of the seedlings of lentil grown in rhizobox. Key words: Phosphorus deficiency; Root length; Root growth; Rhizobox; Lentil DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5153 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 215-218, 2009 (December)  

Regulatory long non-coding RNAs in root growth and development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Roulé ◽  
Martin Crespi ◽  
Thomas Blein
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Root Growth And Development

As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms of gene regulation to cope with changing environments. Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs regulating gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are highly responsive to environmental cues or developmental processes and are generally involved in fine-tuning plant responses to these signals. Roots, in addition to anchoring the plant to the soil, allow it to absorb the major part of its mineral nutrients and water. Furthermore, roots directly sense environmental constraints such as mineral nutrient availability and abiotic or biotic stresses and dynamically adapt their growth and architecture. Here, we review the role of lncRNAs in the control of root growth and development. In particular, we highlight their action in fine-tuning primary root growth and the development of root lateral organs, such as lateral roots and symbiotic nodules. Lastly, we report their involvement in plant response to stresses and the regulation of nutrient assimilation and homeostasis, two processes leading to the modification of root architecture. LncRNAs could become interesting targets in plant breeding programs to subtly acclimate crops to coming environmental changes.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological properties of a cluster root-forming plant, Helicia cochinchinensis (Proteaceae) grown on Miyajima Island, Japan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wasaki ◽  
Tadashi Okamura ◽  
Taiki Yamauchi ◽  
Hayato Maruyama ◽  
Shinji Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Cluster Root ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
The Family ◽  
Senesced Leaves

Abstract Aims The family Proteaceae is one of the dominant families in nutrient-impoverished habitats in the Southern hemisphere, and less common in the Northern hemisphere. Helicia cochinchinensis Lour. is the only Proteaceae species in Japan. This study aimed to unveil the ecophysiological properties of H. cochinchinensis grown on Miyajima Island, Hiroshima, Japan.Methods Phosphorus (P) status and dynamics of soils in H. cochinchinensis habitats were measured. Plant P and nitrogen (N) concentrations of leaves were measured after digestion. Roots and rhizosheath soil were collected to assess root morphology and root exudates.Results Available P (Olsen-P) in soils in habitats of H. cochinchinensis was 0.46–3.7 mg P kg-1 soil. Citrate was the major carboxylate in root exudates and its concentration increased during cluster-root formation. Acid phosphatase activity was greater at the surface of cluster roots that on the surface of other roots and bulk soil, especially for mature cluster roots. Sparingly soluble organic P concentrations decreased in the rhizosheath soil of mature cluster roots. The P concentrations of H. cochinchinensis leaves were relatively low; 0.34–0.69 mg P g-1 DW and 0.15–0.29 mg P g-1 DW in mature and senesced leaves, respectively. The P demand of H. cochinchinensis was less than that of nearby trees, showing greater P-remobilization efficiency.Conclusions Phosphorus mobilization from unavailable P by cluster roots supported P uptake by H. cochinchinensis, and P remobilization from senescing leaves contributed to sustain growth under P-deficient conditions.

Lateral root formation and nutrients: nitrogen in the spotlight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Mathieu Pélissier ◽  
Hans Motte ◽  
Tom Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Development

Abstract Lateral roots are important to forage for nutrients due to their ability to increase the uptake area of a root system. Hence, it comes as no surprise that lateral root formation is affected by nutrients or nutrient starvation, and as such contributes to the root system plasticity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating root adaptation dynamics towards nutrient availability is useful to optimize plant nutrient use efficiency. There is at present a profound, though still evolving, knowledge on lateral root pathways. Here, we aimed to review the intersection with nutrient signaling pathways to give an update on the regulation of lateral root development by nutrients, with a particular focus on nitrogen. Remarkably, it is for most nutrients not clear how lateral root formation is controlled. Only for nitrogen, one of the most dominant nutrients in the control of lateral root formation, the crosstalk with multiple key signals determining lateral root development is clearly shown. In this update, we first present a general overview of the current knowledge of how nutrients affect lateral root formation, followed by a deeper discussion on how nitrogen signaling pathways act on different lateral root-mediating mechanisms for which multiple recent studies yield insights.

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