Ectomycorrhizas of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) seedlings originating from seed in southwestern Alberta cut blocks

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
One Year

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) seedlings, originating from seed in three southwestern Alberta cut blocks, were sampled to identify their ectomycorrhizal associates. Fourteen ectomycorrhizal taxa were identified, 10 were common to all three cut blocks, and 12 to two cut blocks. Individual seedlings were colonized by two fungal associates on average and never had more than six fungal associates at one sampling time. Total percent colonization of seedling roots was greater than 50% one year after seed germination and greater than 90% two years after seed germination. Species richness increased throughout the course of the study; however, all but two ectomycorrhizal taxa were found in mature forests nearby. Typical late-stage ectomycorrhizal fungi colonized regenerating lodgepole pine seedlings in the absence of refuge host plants; therefore, either these fungi remained viable in situ between harvesting and regeneration or they migrated back into the cut block once revegetation was initiated.Key words: lodgepole pine seedlings, ectomycorrhiza, percent relative abundance, Alberta cut blocks.

scholarly journals Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Establishment After Glyphosate and Fertilizer Treatments of Grassy Cutover Forest Land.

1979 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Blackmore ◽  
Wm. G. Corns
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spring Planting

Perennial herbaceous vegetation, mainly marsh reed grass, (Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx) Beauv.), was sprayed with glyphosate on the day before planting one-year-old plugs of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) on cutover forest land north of Edson, Alberta. Spraying at 4.5 kg ai/ha, included spot and strip applications in June 1976, compared with unsprayed scalps and controls. At the same time, all treatments were repeated plus a 9 g, 22-8-2 fertilizer tablet for each seedling. Another experiment at the same site, begun on August 1, 1976, compared scalp, unfertilized control and glyphosate strip treatments, followed by planting of pine seedlings the day after spraying 4.5 kg ai/ha glyphosate. An adjacent experiment, also commenced on August 1, included dosages of 1.1 to 5.6 kg ai/ha with planting of pine seedlings in 4.5 kg/ha and in control plots in May 1977. August application of 2.2 kg/ha provided excellent initial vegetation control, as effective as the larger amounts applied at that time, and was superior during the first 12 months to 4.5 kg/ha applied in June. Twenty-six months after the spring planting new shoot growth of fertilized pine in the glyphosate strips was statistically significantly greater than that for all other treatments and growth in fertilized scalps was also very good. At the same time leader growth of spruce in fertilized scalps was significantly greater than that for other treatments but growth in glyphosate strips did not exceed that of unfertilized controls. Contrary to results of spring planting, there was marked injury and mortality of pine planted in August in glyphosate plots which had been sprayed on the preceding day. Seedlings planted in glyphosate-treated strips nine months after the August spraying exceeded the growth of control plants but not until the year after they were planted.

Pathogenicity of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2368-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith N. Egger ◽  
J. W. Paden
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Infection

Forty isolates of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) were tested for in vitro pathogenicity on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Two known pathogens, Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boud. and Botrytis cinerea Pers., were included as a check of the method. Caloscypha fulgens was the only fungus that caused serious declines in seed germination, although several species of postfire Pezizales were capable of preemergence seed infection. Rhizina undulata Fr. and Pyropyxis rubra (Peck) Egger were strongly pathogenic on germinants. Pyropyxis rubra was not previously known to be pathogenic. Many isolates were weakly pathogenic on germinants under the conditions tested.

Soil nitrogen and lodgepole pine seedling responses to five years of legume cover

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Kranabetter ◽  
R. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Total N ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Legumes were tested for their ability to increase soil N content and improve growth of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) seedlings in west-central British Columbia. A trial with alsike clover at varying densities were tested at one site, while three legume species (alsike clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and white clover) were tested on a second site. After five years of legume cover, mineralizable N mass of the forest floor were 0.5 to 4.5 times those of controls. Total N of the forest floor more than doubled in the seeding density study compared with controls, but was insignificant in the multiple species study. Despite observed increases in soil nitrogen, lodgepole pine growth was not enhanced by the legume treatments. Factors such as N immobilization, root distribution, low S levels, and competition for B may have limited the response of lodgepole pine seedlings to additions of biologically fixed-N. Key words: nitrogen-fixation, legumes, lodgepole pine, soil nitrogen

Biotrophic associations between lodgepole pine seedlings and postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) in monoxenic culture

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2719-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith N. Egger ◽  
J. W. Paden
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Vascular Cylinder ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Monoxenic Culture ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Sphaerosporella Brunnea ◽  
Pathogenic Infection

Twenty-two species of postfire ascomycetes belonging to the order Pezizales were screened for biotrophic interactions with roots of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.). Biotrophic associations ranged from pathogenicity to mycorrhizal symbiosis, but most species tested did not show any affinity for roots. Pyropyxis rubra (Peck) Egger and Rhizina undulata Fr. were aggressive pathogens that infected the vascular cylinder and killed the seedlings. Tricharina praecox (Karst.) Dennis var. intermedia Egger, Yang & Korf also had some ability to infect the vascular cylinder, but usually did not kill the seedlings. Geopyxis carbonaria (A. & S.) Sacc. and Trichophaea hemisphaerioides (Mont.) Graddon invaded the cortex, forming complex intracellular structures, but did not penetrate the vascular cylinder. They may form mutualistic associations under certain conditions. The only confirmed mutualistic species was Sphaerosporella brunnea (A. & S.) Svrcek & Kubicka, which formed ectendomycorrhizae. Anthracobia maurilabra (Cooke) Boud. and A. tristis (Bomm., Rouss. & Sacc.) Boud. appear to be primarily root-surface inhabitants with limited capacity to infect cortical tissues through breaks in the epidermis. Gyromitra infula (Schaef.) Quél. penetrated the epidermis but was unable to overcome host defences against pathogenic infection.

Regeneration of Natural Pine Forest - Review of Work Done After the 1989 Fire in Mount Carmel, Israel

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ne'eman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Year

In September 1989 a fire burned a large natural Pinus halepensis Mill. forest on Mt. Carmel, Israel. This paper summarizes the main results of five years of research, in which the effects of natural factors and management on the development of the forest and the vegetation were studied. It was found that the burned pine tree skeletons were correlated with the spatial pattern of seed germination.. Fewer pine seedlings were found one year after the fire near the burned trunks, but the survival and growth rate of these young pine trees was higher in the following four years. Pine ash was found to inhibit post-fire seed germination, offering a possible explanation for the apparent effect of the old burned trees on the spatial pattern of the new pine seedlings. Both laboratory experiments and field measurements indicate that the high pH of the ash, is the main factor responsible for the inhibition of germination. We examined several management regimes designed to enhance the growth of the young post-fire pine trees and assess their influence on the recovery of the forest. The results revealed that four years after fire, and three years after treatments, forest regeneration was mainly affected by the natural process while management had only a marginal effect. Management such as cutting and leaving, or cutting and removing the burned trunks and twigs from the plots, had almost no effect on species composition and cover. However, thinning of Pinus and Cistus seedlings increased survival and growth of remaining seedlings.

Early symptoms and resistance of lodgepole pine seedlings inoculated with western gall rust

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Kojwang ◽  
B. J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
One Year ◽  
Two Stages

One-year-old seedlings in 10 open-pollinated Pinus contorta families were inoculated with spores of the rust fungus Endocronartium harknessii at two stages of seedling maturity and two levels of inoculum concentration. The early symptoms (general red stain, red flecks, red streaks) that appeared on the seedlings were recorded 2, 4, and 8 weeks after inoculation, while the number of galls was recorded 1 year after inoculation. The frequency of general red stain and red flecks varied significantly among families. Resistance of families as percent of seedlings producing galls also varied significantly. The frequency of early symptoms was only poorly correlated with family resistance. Also, the occurrence of early symptoms on individual seedlings did not give a good prediction of gall formation on them. These results suggest that early symptoms cannot accurately identify resistant families or individuals. Key words: Endocronartium harknessii, Pinus contorta, symptoms, resistance.

Root growth of containerized lodgepole pine seedlings in response to Ascophyllum nodosum extract application during nursery culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne E. MacDonald ◽  
Jen Hacking ◽  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Jeff Norrie
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Spring Planting

MacDonald, J. E., Hacking, J., Weng, Y. and Norrie, J. 2012. Root growth of containerized lodgepole pine seedlings in response to Ascophyllum nodosum extract application during nursery culture. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1207–1212. Vigorous root growth immediately after spring planting is crucial to ensure a well-developed root system before the occurrence of drought events associated with climate change. The objective of this study was to enhance spring root growth of containerized lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings. Seedling culture began in April. In September, seedlings were root drenched with an extract of the brown marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis in finisher fertilizer at rates of 1:750, 1:500, and 1:250. Finisher fertilizer alone served as control. Applications were made three or six times. Seedling culture continued until lifting in December, and then seedlings were freezer stored. Frequency of application had no effect on root growth, whereas rate of application had a significant effect. Compared with control, the 1:750, 1:500, and 1:250 rates significantly reduced total length of the root system in mid October. After overwintering and growing under favorable environmental conditions for 21 d, the 1:500 rate significantly increased the total number of white roots, as well as the number of both short and long white roots. These results suggest that application of Ascophyllum nodosum extract may be a valuable nursery practice to increase spring root growth, thereby enhancing drought resistance.

THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA COLLECTED FROM THE COMANDRA BLISTER RUST, CRONARTIUM COMANDRAE, ON LODGEPOLE PINE IN ALBERTA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
One Year

AbstractOne hundred and sixty species of arthropods, representing 137 insects, 19 mites, and 4 spiders, were collected or reared from the cankers of the comandra blister rust, Cronartium comandrae Peck, on lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm., in southwestern Alberta. The insects damaged 40 to 60% of the cankers observed in any one year and reduced aeciospore production by 10%. Eleven orders of insects were represented, of which the Coleoptera (29 species), Lepidoptera (14), Diptera (21), and Hymenoptera (38) were the most important. Epuraea obliquus Hatch, Paracacoxenus guttatus Hardy and Wheeler, and a Mycodiplosis species appeared to be true mycetobionts. Several others which damaged the cankers, such as Pissodes schwarzi Hopk., Cylindrocopturus deleoni Buchanan, Ernobius sp., Corticaria sp., Bradysia spp., Dioryctria spp., Laspeyresia sp., Grapholitha sp. prob. caeruleana Wlshm., Eucordylea spp., Cinara spp., and Diapterobates principalis (Berlese) could be classied as mycetophiles. About half the species appeared to be mycetoxenes. New habitat or host information was obtained and several new species were collected. Several of the genera represented have been reported to occur on other pine stem rusts, which indicates that the rust cankers provide a suitable habitat for development.

The effects of male and female Arceuthobium americanum (lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe) infection on the relative positioning of vascular bundles, starch distribution, and starch content in Pinus contorta var. latifolia (lodgepole pine) needles

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Chhikara ◽  
Cynthia M. Ross Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Needle Anatomy ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum

The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., is a dioecious angiosperm that parasitizes conifers in western Canadian forests, causing significant yearly timber loss. A striking consequence of dwarf mistletoe infection is a marked reduction in the size of the needles located distal to the infection. The purpose of this work was to use microscopy, cytochemistry, and biochemical analysis to determine whether this reduction was associated with changes in needle anatomy and (or) starch content. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate whether these potential changes were affected by the gender of the infecting dwarf mistletoe plant. We developed a ratio (R) that evaluated the position of the two vascular bundles relative to the size of the needle, and found that bundles from male-infected trees were positioned significantly closer together than in needles from female-infected or uninfected trees (p < 0.05). Using the periodic acid – Schiff’s (PAS) reaction for cytochemical identification of starch in situ, we determined that needles from uninfected trees had abundant starch grains compared with needles from infected trees; colourimetric analysis for total starch content corroborated our PAS data. This is the first report of this phenomenon in lodgepole pine, and further supports the use of needle characteristics to assess tree health.

RHIZOSPHERE EFFECT OF HEALTHY AND DISEASED LODGEPOLE PINE SEEDLINGS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Timonin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Comparative studies of the rhizosphere of healthy and diseased lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings revealed a definite rhizosphere effect. Higher counts of bacteria and fungi were found in the rhizosphere of diseased seedlings whereas the incidence of sporeforming bacteria antagonistic to Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was nearly six times greater in the rhizosphere of healthy seedlings than in that of diseased seedlings. Species of Aspergillus, Phoma, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Rhizopus were isolated only from the rhizosphere of diseased seedlings; Alternaria, Cephalosporium, Metarrhizium, Spicaria, and Tilachlidium were isolated only from the rhizosphere of healthy seedlings. Aspergillus restrictus, A. fumigatus, Cylindrocarpon olidum, and Botryosporium sp. proved to be pathogenic to lodgepole pine seedlings. These results are discussed in relation to the microbial population in the rhizosphere of a variety of cultivated plants resistant and susceptible to soil-borne pathogens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document