scholarly journals Genetic variation in Luman/CREB3 and association with stress and meat quality traits in Yorkshire pigs

Author(s):  
Shayla Larson ◽  
Aitor Arrazola ◽  
Rebecca Parra ◽  
Krysta Morrissey ◽  
Tess Faulkner ◽  
...  

LUMAN/CREB3 is a stress regulatory gene that affects activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in mice and presents a promising avenue for exploring variable stress-responsiveness in pigs. Pigs with similar characteristics to LUMAN-deficient mice, including greater resilience to stress and receptivity to human handling, would be valuable in the pork industry from animal welfare and production efficiency perspectives. We previously identified eight genetic variations and five haplotypes throughout the LUMAN locus in Yorkshire pigs. In this study we analysed associations between LUMAN variations with behavioural stress response during three tests (open field test, novel object test, and human approach test), physiological stress-responsiveness (cortisol), and carcass/meat quality measurements from purebred Yorkshire pigs. Haplotypes A1 and A2 were associated with decreased activity levels in novel environments and greater plasma cortisol concentrations at slaughter. Haplotype A1 was associated with lower carcass scratch scores and meat with lower cooking losses and greater tenderness. Haplotypes B1 and B2 were associated with the opposite traits including increased activity levels in novel environments and characteristics for lower meat quality including greater cooking losses, lower marbling, and paler coloured meat. We conclude that DNA variations in the LUMAN locus could potentially be used as genetic markers for stress resistance and meat quality in pig breeding.

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailin Gan ◽  
Linyuan Shen ◽  
Yuan Fan ◽  
Zhixian Guo ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
...  

The carcass and meat quality traits of pig breeds living at three different altitudes (Yorkshire pigs, YP: 500m; Qingyu Pigs, QYP: 1500m; Tibetan pigs, TP: 2500m) were compared. It was observed that there are obvious differences in pig breeds with respect to performance parameters. Specifically, YP had the best carcass traits, showing high slaughter rates and leanest meat. Conversely, QYP had the highest back fat thickness and intramuscular fat (IMF) content. For the high-altitude breed TP, the animals exhibited low L* and high a* values. The genotypes contributing to the observed phenotypes were supported by a PCR analysis. The glycolytic genes expression (HK, PFK, PK) were highest in YP, whereas expression of genes related to adipogenesis (C/EBPα, FABP4, SCD1) were highest in QYP. As expected, genes associated with angiogenesis and hypoxia (HIF1a, VEGFA) were expressed at the highest levels in TP. The composition and proportion of amino and fatty acids in pig muscles at the three altitudes examined also varied substantially. Among the breeds, TP had the highest proportion of umami amino acids, whereas QYP had the highest proportion of sweet amino acids. However, TP also exhibited the highest proportion of essential fatty acids and the lowest proportion of n6:n3. This study explains the high-altitude adaptive evolution and the formation of meat quality differences in different altitude pigs from various angles and provides a reference for local pork food processing and genetic improvement of local pigs.


1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. L877-L886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian I. Labow ◽  
Steve F. Abcouwer ◽  
Cheng-Mao Lin ◽  
Wiley W. Souba

During physiological stress, the lung increases production of the amino acid glutamine (Gln) using the enzyme Gln synthetase (GS) to maintain Gln homeostasis. Glucocorticoid hormones are considered the principal mediators of GS expression during stress. However, whereas animal studies have shown that glucocorticoids increase lung GS mRNA levels 500–700%, GS activity levels rise only 20–45%. This discrepancy suggests that a posttranscriptional control mechanism(s) ultimately determines GS expression. We hypothesized that the level of GS protein in the lung is governed by the intracellular Gln concentration through a mechanism of protein destabilization, a feedback regulatory mechanism that has been observed in vitro. To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a Gln-free diet and the GS inhibitor methionine sulfoximine (MSO) to deplete tissue Gln levels and prevent this feedback regulation. Exposure to Gln-free chow and MSO (100 mg/kg body wt) for 6 days decreased plasma Gln levels 50% ( P < 0.01) and decreased lung tissue Gln levels by 70% ( P < 0.01). Although lung GS mRNA levels were not influenced by Gln depletion, there was a sevenfold ( P < 0.01) increase in GS protein. A parenteral Gln infusion (200 mM, 1.5 ml/h) for the last 2 days of MSO treatment replenished lung Gln levels to 65% of control level and blunted the increase in GS protein levels by 33% ( P < 0.05) compared with rats receiving an isomolar glycine solution. The acute effects of glucocorticoid and MSO administration on lung GS expression were also measured. Whereas dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) and MSO injections individually augmented lung GS protein levels twofold and fourfold ( P < 0.05), respectively, the combination of dexamethasone and MSO produced a synergistic, 12-fold induction ( P < 0.01) in lung GS protein over 8 h. The data suggest that, whereas glucocorticoids are potent mediators of GS transcriptional activity, protein stability greatly influences the ultimate expression of GS in the lung.


2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yan-yan Wang ◽  
Ming-zhe Fu ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Ning An ◽  
...  

Zhang, L., Wang, Y.-y., Fu, M.-z., Li, G., An, N., Li, S.-y. and Zhou, Z.-q. 2014. The effects of ovariectomy on meat performance and expression of GH/IGF-I in young goats. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 619–626. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ovariectomy on meat production efficiency and to explore the expression of GH/IGF-I in young goats. Animal performance, meat quality, levels of serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), and mRNA levels of three key genes [GH Receptor (GHR), IGF-I and IGF-I Receptor (IGF-IR)] in longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles were measured. The results show that carcass weight, net meat mass, fat weight and loin eye area of ovariectomized goats were higher than those of the controls, and ovariectomized goats lost 0.40 kg of bone weight (P<0.05). There was no statistically valid difference for the color, pH, water-holding capacity, or cooking rate of meat (P>0.05) between the two groups, except for the shear value, which was significantly lower in the Ovx group than in the control group (P<0.05). The results of this research show for the first time a significant trend (P<0.05) for serum GH and IGF-I in the direction of increasing in ovariectomized goats. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of GHR, IGF-I and IGF-IR in muscle were all up-regulated, except for the IGF-I gene in biceps femoris, by ovariectomy. In summary, ovariectomy showed a beneficial promotion in animal performance, but did not reduce meat quality, and increased serum GH and IGF-I and mRNA expression levels of GHR, IGF-I and IGF-IR in young female goats.


2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Nyeong Heo ◽  
Hak-Kyu Kim ◽  
Chong-Dae Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
Myeong-Ji Lee ◽  
...  

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Thuthuzelwa Stempa ◽  
Graeme Bradley

The objective of this study was to examine sex and breed effects on heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A), blood stress indicators and meat quality attributes of lambs. A hundred male and female lambs from the Dorper (n = 50) and Merino (n = 50) breeds were used in this study. Breed and sex had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the levels of plasma HSPA1A and lactate; where the Merino lambs had higher levels than Dorper. The female lambs had higher levels of plasma HSPA1A than male lambs. Significant sex and breed interactions (p < 0.05) on the levels of plasma HSPA1A were seen. Females had higher (p < 0.05) pHu than males. Dorper lambs had higher (p < 0.05) pH45, meat lightness, thawing loss and tougher meat the Merino breed. Significant correlations were found amongst plasma stress indicators and meat quality attributes. The results indicate that female lambs were more stressed by the pre-slaughter period than males, while the Merino had a higher physiological stress response compared to the Dorper. However, the Dorper breed produced tougher meat.


Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 1151-1162
Author(s):  
Daniel Ciobanu ◽  
John Bastiaansen ◽  
Massoud Malek ◽  
Jeannine Helm ◽  
John Woollard ◽  
...  

Abstract Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting muscle glycogen content and related traits were mapped to pig chromosome 15 using a three-generation intercross between Berkshire × Yorkshire pigs. On the basis of the QTL location the PRKAG3 (protein kinase, AMP-activated, γ3-subunit) gene was considered to be a good candidate for the observed effects. Differences in the PRKAG3 gene sequences of the founder animals of the intercross were analyzed. The RN− mutation previously reported was not present in the cross but three missense substitutions and a polymorphic short interspersed element (SINE) were identified. To confirm the hypothesis that at least one of these mutations was associated with differences in meat quality, &gt;1800 animals from several unrelated commercial lines were genotyped for the candidate substitutions and an association study was performed. The results demonstrate the presence of new economically important alleles of the PRKAG3 gene affecting the glycogen content in the muscle and the resulting meat quality. Haplotype analysis was shown to resolve the effects of PRKAG3 more clearly than analysis of individual polymorphisms. Because of their prevalence in the more common commercial breeds, the potential implications for the pig industry and consumers are considerably greater than the original discovery of the RN− mutation. Furthermore, these results illustrate that additional alleles of genes involved in major mutations may play a significant role in quantitative trait variation.


Author(s):  
Е.Н. ПРАВДИНА ◽  
И.Ю. БЫСТРОВА ◽  
Е.А. КУВШИНОВА ◽  
И.В. КАПИТОШИНА

Проблема и цель. Целью исследований явилось изучение в условиях промышленной технологии новых методов повышения продуктивных качеств свиней за счёт использования высокопротеинового корма из сухой крови свиней. Методология. Для экспериментов методом сбалансированных групп были составлены 8 групп свиней в возрасте 28 дней, по 30 голов каждая. В ходе исследований проводили оценку роста молодняка, изучали мясные качества свиней и физические свойства мяса. При этом нами учитывались такие показатели как абсолютный и среднесуточный приросты, живая масса, убойная масса, убойный выход, площадь «мышечного глазка», толщина шпига, длинна туши, влагоудерживающая способность и цветность мяса. Результаты. В конце опытного периода животные всех опытных групп, получавшие с рационом сухую кровь свиней, превосходили по массе свиней соответствующих контрольных групп. По породе йоркшир – на 2,1 кг, по породе ландрас – на 3,1 кг, по породе дюрок – на 4,3 кг, по гибридной группе – на 2,8 кг. Наиболее высокими показателями мясных качеств характеризовались животные опытных групп. Так, свиньи порды йоркшир превосходили животных контрольной группы той же породы на 0,6 %, по породе ландрас – на 1,1 %, по породе дюрок – на 0,6 %, по гибридам – на 0,8 %. Более высокая влагоудерживающая способность была отмечена в мясе животных породы ландрас и гибридной группы – 57,2 % и 56,8 %. Показатель рН мышечной ткани животных опытных групп находился в пределах нормы. Цветность мяса свиней разных генотипов в результате скармливания сухой крови свиней повышалась. Заключение. Таким образом, включение в рационы свиней сухой крови свиней оказывает положительное влияние на рост животных и улучшает мясные качества свиней и физические показатели мяса. Problem and goal. The purpose of the research was to study new methods of increasing the productive qualities of pigs by using high-protein feed from dry pig blood in the conditions of industrial technology. Methodology. For the experiments, 8 groups of pigs aged 28 days, 30 heads each, were made up by the method of balanced groups. In the course of the research, the growth of young animals was evaluated, the meat qualities of pigs and the physical properties of meat were studied. At the same time, we took into account such indicators as absolute and average daily gains, live weight, slaughter weight, slaughter yield, the area of the "muscle eye", the thickness of the ham, the length of the carcass, the moisture-retaining ability and the color of the meat. Results. At the end of the experimental period, the animals of all experimental groups that received dry pig blood with the diet were superior in weight to the pigs of the corresponding control groups. For the Yorkshire breed - by 2.1 kg, for the Landrace breed - by 3.1 kg, for the Duroc breed - by 4.3 kg, for the hybrid group - by 2.8 kg. The animals of the experimental groups were characterized by the highest indicators of meat qualities, so Yorkshire pigs outperformed the animals of the control group of the same breed by 0.6 %, for the Landrace breed-by 1.1 %, for the Duroc breed – by 0.6%, for hybrids – by 0.8 %. Higher water-holding capacity was observed in the meat of Landrace and hybrid group animals – 57.2 % and 56.8 %. The pH of the muscle tissue of the experimental animals was within the normal range. The color of pig meat of diferent genotypes increased as a result of feeding dry pig blood. Conclusion. Thus, the inclusion of dry pig blood in the diets of pigs has a positive efect on the growth of animals and improves the meat quality of pigs and the physical performance of meat.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document