Germination strategy of Allium victorialis, a wild edible plant with high commercial potential

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Rina Kamenetsky ◽  
Joanna Gębura ◽  
Krystyna Winiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Germination Techniques ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Germination Strategy

The spring ephemeral Allium victorialis grows naturally in Europe, Asia, and North America. Because of its pleasant taste, aroma, and nutraceutical properties, it is intensively gathered in its natural habitats by the local populations. To introduce A. victorialis as a new crop, technologies of mass-propagation and effective production must be developed. However, the biology of seed dormancy and germination in this species is not clear, and numerous attempts at controlled seed germination have not succeeded. We employed a systematic approach for seed germination of this species under controlled conditions. Two main factors, post-ripening seed age and germination temperature regimes, were studied in combination with various germination techniques. As opposed to common conceptions, our results show that the seeds of A. victorialis do not experience morphological, physical, or physiological dormancy, and are completely ready for germination immediately following ripening. Propagation of A. victorialis from seed can be performed by germination of fresh seeds at moderate (20 °C) temperatures, in a sterile planting medium with good aeration. The germination strategy, revealed in this research, opens new prospects for the development of A. victorialis as a new and useful crop.

scholarly journals Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of the Endangered Azorean Cherry Prunus azorica

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlanda Cristina Barros Moreira ◽  
José Martins ◽  
Luís Silva ◽  
Mónica Moura
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Laurel Forest ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
Alternating Temperature

Prunus azorica is an Azorean endemic tree considered as a priority species for conservation. It is important as a laurel forest component, particularly at medium altitude, and as a food source for the endangered bird Pyrrhula murina. The best conditions for seed germination were investigated after removal of the outer layers of the fruit by determining the effect of 1) using stones or seeds; 2) stratification regime (six treatments and a control); 3) incubation temperature (four alternating temperature regimes); and 4) gibberellic acid concentration (three levels). This resulted in a fully factorial design with 168 (2 × 7 × 4 × 3) treatments with three replicates per treatment and 25 seeds per replicate. Cumulative germination percentages were determined at the end of the trial. Globally, there was a significant effect of endocarp removal (49% germination with seeds and 15% with stones). Both for stones and seeds, there was a significant effect of incubation temperature, stratification regime, and growth regulator concentration. Stones attained a maximum germination of ≈80% under several stratification treatments including cold (4 °C) or warm (20 °C) followed by cold and at 10/5 °C without the addition of a growth regulator. Seeds attained a maximum germination of greater than 90% without stratification at 10/5 or 15/10 °C without the addition of a growth regulator. During the stratification process, germination occurred only for seeds, particularly for longer treatments, for example, those corresponding to 3 or more months of stratification, including warm followed by cold (75% to 80%) or cold alone (77%). According to seed morphology and germination results, the seed appears to have a non-deep physiological dormancy. Seeds of P. azorica can thus be efficiently germinated after endocarp removal at temperatures of 10/5 or 15/10 °C with a daily light period of 12 hours. This protocol allowed producing hundreds of viable seedlings that were used in the reforestation of a laurel forest stand in a LIFE project.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Regimes on Seed Germination Asafoetida (Ferula Assafoetida L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
M. Zangoie ◽  
S. Parsa ◽  
M. Mahmoodi ◽  
M. Jami Al-Ahmadi ◽  
G. Sanjari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Ferula Assafoetida

ABSTRACT Asafoetida is a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. Gum obtained from the lower part of the stem and roots of this plant has many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. This plant is subject to extinction in its natural habitats due to over-utilization. Understanding the biology of seed germination can help to restore such degradation by implementing agricultural development programs. The present study is an attempt to determine the germination responses to two temperature regimes (constant and fluctuating) during the course of the study. The experiment was planned based on a factorial-completely randomized design with two factors (constant and fluctuating temperature regimes) at 3 levels each (15, 20 and 25°C) with 4 replications. The results showed that the characteristics of germination in asafoetida were significantly improved under the fluctuating temperature as compared with the constant regime. It showed a mean germination time of 1.88 days for the fluctuating regime, while it was 4.88 days for the constant regime. The same results were found on germination rates in favor of fluctuating (0.62 per day) in comparison with constant regime (0.33 per day). Under the fluctuating regime, the lowest level of imposed temperature (daily application of 10 and 20 degree during the first and the second 12 hours, respectively) was the best for seed germination in this experiment.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling development of Orchis militaris, an endangered orchid in Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Yurievna Nabieva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids

Abstract Background Terrestrial orchids belonging to the Orchis genus are difficult to propagate and are under great pressure in their natural habitats. Studies regarding the influence of photoperiod and temperature regimes on Orchis militaris germination and morphological changes during immature seed development in vitro are scarce. Our aim was to identify photoperiod, temperature, and different nutrient media requirements for optimization of O. militaris seed germination and vigorous seedling production. Results Post-germination morphological changes were recorded with O. militaris seeds collected from 32-day-old fruits, where the percentage of O. militaris seeds without embryo was 38.4%. The highest rate of O. militaris seed germination (82.6%) was obtained on Malmgren modified terrestrial orchid medium (mM), enriched by 5% coconut water, 5% birch sap, and 0.1% AC. Nine percent of seedlings were able to reach the advanced seedling stage (stage 6) after 12 months of maintenance on this medium. In all 3 modified media (Harvais, Knudson С and Malmgren), regeneration was via the production of protocorms and seedlings without callus formation. It was proved that more abundantly vigorous protocorms were formed on the modified Harvais 2 under continuous darkness, while the subculture in Knudson C medium with AC addition could be necessary to stimulate their further development. The regeneration success of the species for in vitro conditions was increased by following its natural seasonal cycle. Conclusion This study demonstrated an efficient micropropagation system for O. militaris using immature seeds and thus widely opened the perspectives for its conservation in nature. The favorable conditions of seed germination periods for in vitro culture, identified as the definite shift of temperatures and photoperiod regimes intrinsic to the species in nature, could improve seedling survival of this medicinally important orchid.

scholarly journals Germination and Clonal Propagation of the Endemic Shrub Corema album, a Vulnerable Species with Conservation Needs and Commercial Interest

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Leonor Álvarez-Cansino ◽  
María Zunzunegui ◽  
Mari Cruz Díaz Barradas
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Successful Technique ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Crop

In this study, we aimed to explore regeneration possibilities of Corema album (L.) D. Don by determining germination mechanisms and testing vegetative propagation methods. We analyzed seed viability under natural conditions, carried out germination treatments and a greenhouse experiment to study clonal propagation. We confirmed that C. album seeds present physiological dormancy, broken by ingestion by natural dispersers (rabbits and foxes), and that seed viability under natural conditions is lost after one year. In vitro germination was better achieved with a 200 ppm gibberellic acid treatment. Clonal propagation proved to be a successful technique for the production of C. album. Treating cuttings with IBA 0.2, w/v, at 20% resulted in the highest rooting percentage, while planting rooted cuttings in a substrate of perlite with vermiculite 1:1 was essential for plant survival. Our results show that both germination pretreatments and cutting propagation are powerful tools for the production of this valuable species. Both methods could be incorporated for population regeneration in natural habitats, and for the potential establishment of the species as a new crop for consumption and pharmacological purposes.

scholarly journals Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lian-Wei Qu ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Han-Ping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

Seed Fecundity, Persistence, and Germination Biology of Prairie Groundcherry (Physalis hederifolia) in Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanwen Wu ◽  
Rex Stanton ◽  
Deirdre Lemerle
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Plant Fecundity ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Viable Seeds

AbstractPrairie groundcherry [Physalis hederifolia(A. Gray) var.fendleri(A. Gray) Cronquist] is an invasive perennial weed with the potential to become a significant summer weed across 409 million hectares in Australia. Current management practices do not provide effective control of established populations. A better understanding of the seed biology is needed to effectively manage this weed. A series of field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine plant fecundity, soil seedbank longevity, and the factors that affect seed germination.Physalis hederifoliahas the capacity to produce 66 to 86 berries plant−1, 51 to 74 seeds berry−1, and approximately 4,500 seeds plant−1, with the seeds potentially able to persist in the soil seedbank for 20 yr if buried in an intact dry berry pod. The bare-seed component of the soil seedbank can be virtually exhausted within 3 yr if cultivation is minimized to avoid burial of seed. Optimal temperature for germination is diurnal fluctuations of 15 C within the temperature range of 10 and 30 C. Increasing osmotic stress levels reduced the germination under all temperature regimes, with less than 6% germination occurring at −0.96 MPa.Physalis hederifoliaseed germination was not significantly affected by substrate pH 4 to 10 or salt levels less than 160 mM, while the germination was significantly reduced at NaCl concentrations above 160 mM. These results suggest thatP. hederifoliacan adapt to a range of substrate conditions. Stopping seed set, avoiding grazing plants with viable seeds, and minimizing seed burial in the soil are some effective strategies to control this weed.

scholarly journals Non-Deep Physiological Dormancy in Seed and Germination Requirements of Lysimachia coreana Nakai

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Saeng Geul Baek ◽  
Jin Hyun Im ◽  
Myeong Ja Kwak ◽  
Cho Hee Park ◽  
Mi Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Germination Requirements

This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy and to identify a suitable method of dormancy-breaking for an efficient seed viability test of Lysimachia coreana Nakai. To confirm the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination at different temperatures, germination tests were conducted at 5, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, and 25/15 °C (12/12 h, light/dark), using 1% agar with 100, 250, and 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Seeds were also stratified at 5 and 25/15 °C for 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, and then germinated at the same temperature. Seeds treated with GA3 demonstrated an increased germination rate (GR) at all temperatures except 5 °C. The highest GR was 82.0% at 25/15 °C and 250 mg·L−1 GA3 (4.8 times higher than the control (14.0%)). Additionally, GR increased after cold stratification, whereas seeds did not germinate after warm stratification at all temperatures. After cold stratification, the highest GR was 56.0% at 25/15 °C, which was lower than the GR observed after GA3 treatment. We hypothesized that L. coreana seeds have a non-deep physiological dormancy and concluded that 250 mg·L−1 GA3 treatment is more effective than cold stratification (9 weeks) for L. coreana seed-dormancy-breaking.

scholarly journals Trial Germination of Coastal Vegetation (Terminalia catappa, Calophyllum inophylum L., and Barringtonia asiatica) in the Kima Atas Permanent Nursery

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ady Suryawan ◽  
Nur Asmadi ◽  
Rinna Mamonto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Germination Techniques

It was estimated that North Sulawesi needs 9,870,093.33 coastal vegetation seeds to rehabilitate the damage of coastal ecosystems which reach 14,805.14 ha, where the largest area 13.884 ha located in other land use. This study aims to provide information of seed germination techniques in Permanent Nursery Kima Atas, Manado. Research was arranged in complete randomized design as factorial with three replications. Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa) will obtain high viability in fluctuation of temperature and humidity, i.e used sand media, without wildlings and placed under 25% shade and rain. Keben (Baringtonia asiatica) through the incision and decay that placed in the open location will obtain viability until 90% within 2 months. Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) requires shell splitting in order to improve the viability and it can be done by cracking and stripping.

Dormancy break and germination requirements in acorns of two bottomland Quercus species (Sect. Lobatae) of the eastern United States with references to ecology and phylogeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Tracy S. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Germination Requirements

AbstractQuercus species are ecologically and economically important components of deciduous forests of the eastern United States. However, knowledge pertinent to a thorough understanding of acorn germination dynamics for these species is lacking. The objectives of this research were to determine dormancy break and germination requirements for acorns of two eastern United States bottomland species, Quercus nigra and Quercus phellos (Section Lobatae), and to present results within ecological and phylogenetic contexts. Three replicates of 50 acorns of each species received 0 (control), 6, 12 or 18 weeks of cold stratification, followed by incubation in alternating temperature regimes of 15/6, 20/10, 25/15 and 30/20°C. Eighteen weeks of cold stratification were not sufficient for dormancy break in Q. nigra acorns. Cumulative germination percentages at 4 weeks of incubation were ≥77%, but only in incubation temperatures of 25/15 and 30/20°C. Dormancy break in Q. phellos acorns was achieved with 18 weeks of cold stratification, and cumulative germination percentages were ≥87% at 4 weeks of incubation in all test temperature regimes. Gibberellic acid solutions were not an effective substitute for cold stratification in either species. Phylogenetically, Q. nigra and Q. phellos are closely related species and, ecologically, both grow in the same habitat. Acorns of both species possess deep physiological dormancy (PD), but dormancy break and germination requirements differ in acorns of these two Quercus species.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination and Emergence of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
RC. XIONG ◽  
Y. MA ◽  
HW. WU ◽  
WL. JIANG ◽  
XY. MA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Central China ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Alternating Temperature

ABSTRACT: Velvetleaf, an annual broadleaf weed, is a common and troublesome weed of cropping systems worldwide. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of velvetleaf. Seeds germinated over a range of constant temperatures from 10 to 40 oC regardless of light conditions, but no germination occurred at temperature below 5 oC and beyond 50 oC. Seeds germinated at alternating temperature regimes of 15/5 to 40/30 oC, with maximum germination (>90%) at alternating temperatures of 40/30 oC. Germination was sensitive to water stress, and only 0.4% of the seeds germinated at the osmotic potential of -0.4 MPa. There was no germination at ? 0.6 MPa. Moreover, germination was reduced by saline and alkaline stresses and no germination occurred at ³ 150 mM NaCl or ³ 200 mM NaHCO3 concentrations. However, pH values from 5 to 9 had no effect on seed germination. Seedling emergence was significantly affected by burial depth and maximum emergence (78.1-85.6%) occurred at the 1-4 cm depth. The results of this study have contributed to our understanding of the germination and emergence of velvetleaf and should enhance our ability to improve control strategies in cropping systems in central China.

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