Functional differentiation among 12 dipterocarp species under contrasting water availabilities in Northeast Thailand

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyosada Kawai ◽  
Surachit Waengsothorn ◽  
Nisa Leksungnoen ◽  
Naoki Okada
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential

Species composition varies greatly along with water availability gradients. In Northeast Thailand, dry deciduous forest (DDF) and dry evergreen forest (DEF) show contrasting species composition due to differences in soil structure and moisture. Although plant traits (physiological and morphological characteristics) are known to be involved in species distributions, which traits underpin these distinct distributions (either dry DDF or less-dry DEF) remain unclear. Here, we examined the differentiation of 21 leaf and stem traits between DDF and DEF, using 12 dipterocarp species. We found that DDF species showed higher water use efficiency and higher water storage capacity in the lamina and petiole, higher leaf nitrogen content, higher stomatal density, larger leaves, thicker mesophyll layers, and a higher rate of water loss under severe dehydration than DEF species. Leaf osmotic potential at full turgor, wood density, and wood water content were not significantly different between DDF and DEF. We also observed a negative relationship between the potential photosynthetic capacity and the water loss rate during severe dehydration across species. Our results suggest that the differences in leaf traits related to photosynthesis and dehydration avoidance cause a niche differentiation of the tree species along the soil water availability in tropical dry forests.

scholarly journals Leaf Traits of Trees in Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests of Peninsular India

Ecologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-284
Author(s):  
Muthulingam Udayakumar ◽  
Thangavel Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Plant Functional Trait

A plant functional trait study was conducted to know the existing relationship between important leaf traits namely, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and leaf life span (LL) in tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEFs) of Peninsular India. Widely accepted methodologies were employed to record functional traits. The relationships between SLA and LDMC, LDMC and LL, and SLA and LL were measured. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation showed a significant negative relationship between SLA and LDMC, and SLA and LL, whereas a significant positive relationship was prevailed between LDMC and LL. The mean trait values (SLA, LDMC, and LL) of evergreens varied significantly from deciduous species. SLA had a closer relationship with LDMC than LL. Similarly, LL had a closer relationship with SLA than LDMC. Species with evergreen leaf habits dominated forest sites under study. Evergreen species dominate the study area with a high evergreen-deciduous ratio of 5.34:1. The S strategy score of trees indicated a relatively higher biomass allocation to persistent tissues. TDEFs occur in low elevation, semiarid environment, but with the combination of oligotrophic habitat, high temperature and longer dry season these forests were flourishing as a unique evergreen ecosystem in the drier environment. The relationships found between leaf traits were in concurrence with earlier findings. Trees of TDEFs survive on the poor-nutrient habitat with a low SLA, high LDMC, and LL. This study adds baseline data on key leaf traits to plant functional trait database of India.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES SP. PJ90 ISOLATED FROM SOIL IN NORTHEAST THAILAND

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Panjamaphon Chanthasena ◽  
Nawarat Nantapong
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
University Of Technology

In this study, an antimicrobial-producing Actinomycetes PJ90 was isolated from forest soil in Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that isolate PJ90 could be classified as Streptomyces triostinicus. The isolate PJ90 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus TISTR1466, Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR518, Bacillus subtilis TISTR008, Candida albicans TISTR5779, Candida tropicalis TISTR5174 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5049. To our best knowledge, this study constitutes the first anti-bacterial and anti-yeast activities of Streptomyces triostinicus isolated from soil in Thailand.

Studies on lichen-dominated systems. I. The water relations of Cladonia alpestris in spruce–lichen woodland in northern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Kershaw ◽  
W. R. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Neutron Attenuation ◽  
Lichen Woodland ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The water relations of Cladonia alpestris in spruce–lichen woodland in northern Ontario is described. The rate of drying of the lichen canopy was measured by resistance grids inserted into the canopy and monitored during the drying cycle. The effects of dew were measured in a similar fashion and shown to form an insignificant proportion of the total annual metabolism of the lichen. The lichen mat showed a very high stratified resistance to water loss and the effective mulching properties produce a high level of water availability under the lichen mat. This was confirmed using neutron attenuation techniques and the significance of this discussed in relation to the development of lichen woodland. The physiological response of the lichen to conditions of varying levels of saturation is also discussed.

scholarly journals Identification and Distribution of Sugarcane Stem Borer in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Md Ataur Rahman ◽  
Md Shibly Noman ◽  
Md Abdul Maleque ◽  
Md Zinnatul Alam ◽  
Sultana Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Adult Moth ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Sugarcane Stem

Field surveys were conducted during the cropping season of 2010-2011 to assess the distribution of Sugarcane stem borer species in 12 AEZs of Bangladesh. These surveys documented abundance and their distribution and results clearly showed the existence of the stem borer at all locations surveyed, but with a higher incidence in the Atwary (36%) and initiation of infestation was observed on 20 May. Stem borer incidence and distribution varied significantly among the different locations. Second highest rate of infestation (32%) was recorded in Bashudebpur followed by Dinajpur (31%), Pabna and Akandabaria farm (30%). The lower infestation was recorded in Kaliganj. The percentage of stems attacked at the Kaliganj has never exceeded 23% followed by Rajshahi (28%), Thakurgaon and Faridpur (29%). The rate of infestation of stem borer (Chilo tumidicostalis) in different locations varied from 23-36%. While morphological characteristics of stem borer species were identified with standard keys and species composition was only predominated by Chilo tumidicostalis Hampson, though previous workers found other borers in addition to this species. The sex ratio of adult moth Chilo tumidicostalis was 1:1.42 after emergence from the reared collected pupae from different locations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18406 SAARC J. Agri., 11(2): 103-116 (2013)

scholarly journals Anatomical analysis of the pelvis to identify any predisposing anatomical factors for ischiofemoral space pathology: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1108) ◽  
pp. 20190556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pilar López-Royo ◽  
Esther Valero-Tena ◽  
Mercedes Roca
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Ischiofemoral Space ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hip Mri

Objective: Anatomical analysis of the hips and pelvis was performed using MRI to evaluate morphological characteristics and associations between them. We identified correlations between the ischiofemoral space (IFS), quadratus femoris space (QFS), femoral version angle (FVA) and cervicodiaphyseal angle (CDA). Methods: This study involved a retrospective search of a database of consecutive reports of adult hip MRI examinations carried out between January and September 2016. Patients with a medical history likely to affect pelvic and hip morphometry were excluded. Results: A total of 137 adult patients were enrolled in the study (45.3% males and 54.7% females), with a mean age of 50.16 ± 13.87 years. The mean IFS was 20.88 ± 5.96 mm, mean QFS was 15.2 ± 6.18 mm, mean FVA was 12.43 ± 6.98, and mean CDA was 121.27 ± 4.6°. The IFS measurements were significantly correlated with femoral measurements (p = 0.025). These visible differences showed a slight negative relationship (−0.191), and females had a smaller distance between these anatomical structures than males (p < 0.001). Females had a significantly smaller QFS than males (12.42 ± 5.94 vs 18.73 ± 4.48 mm, p = 0.000). There was a small but significant positive relationship between CDA and FVA (p = 0.022), with a correlation coefficient of 0.195. Conclusion: A higher FVA was correlated with a smaller IFS. Furthermore, an increase in the CDA appeared in tandem with an increase in the FVA. Advances in knowledge: A single conventional MRI sequence can alert us to how anatomical factors could predispose individuals to a decrease in IFS.

scholarly journals The luxury effect beyond cities: bats respond to socioeconomic variation across landscapes

BMC Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Kevin A. Parker ◽  
Matina C. Kalcounis-Rueppell
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
The North ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Hoary Bat

Abstract Background The luxury effect describes the positive relationship between affluence and organism diversity or activity in urban ecosystems. Driven by human activities, the luxury effect can potentially be found at a broader scale across different landscapes. Previously, the luxury effect relationship has been established within a city for two bat species, the red bat (Lasiurus borealis) and the evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis). We examined landscape-scale patterns of bat activity distribution—using empirical data for seven bat species for the luxury effect. We also identified bat-land cover associations for each species. Across North Carolina, USA, we used the mobile transect survey protocol of the North American Monitoring Program to record bat activity at 43 sites from 2015 to 2018. We collected land cover and income data at our transect locations to construct generalized linear mixed models to identify bat-land cover and bat-income relationships. Results We found that across landscapes, activity of the red bat and the evening bat was positively correlated to income independent of land cover, consistent with previous single-city results. We found a negative relationship between hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) activity and income. All seven species had specific land cover associations. Additionally, we found a positive interaction term between income and evergreen forest for the red bat and a positive interaction term between income and woody wetland for hoary bat. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that the luxury effect is an ecological pattern that can be found at a broad spatial scale across different landscapes. We highlight the need for multi-scale ecology studies to identify the mechanism(s) underlying the luxury effect and that the luxury effect could cause inequity in how people receive the ecosystem services provided by bats.

On the diversity of amphipods inhabiting Sargassum as well as clear areas in Kuwait coastal waters, with an assessment of the effect of turbidity and notes on their abundance, composition, and distribution: a preliminary study

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Aws Al-Ghunaim ◽  
M. N. V. Subrahmanyam ◽  
Yousef Al-Enezi ◽  
Turki Al-Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Faunal Distribution

Abstract The distribution and abundance patterns of amphipods associated with Sargassum species were studied on a spatial scale along Kuwait’s coastal waters. Macroalgae, in particular Sargassum spp., are known to host a high biodiversity of marine fauna, particularly amphipods, when compared to non-Sargassum (“clear”) areas. Amphipods are an important component in the food web, being consumed by different stages of fish. Sargassum was sampled from four different stations in Kuwait’s waters to determine the amphipod species composition and density. Physicochemical parameters were measured at the time of sampling at each station, focusing on turbidity, as this can promote variation in the faunal distribution between areas, and it was the only non-biological factor showing a distinctive pattern between stations in this study. The objectives of this study thus were to describe the amphipod biodiversity in Sargassum communities and to measure the difference in diversity between Sargassum and clear areas, while concurrently taking into account the effect of turbidity. The most abundant amphipods represented were Pontocrates sp. (cf. arenarius (Spence Bate, 1858)), Ericthonius sp. (cf. forbesii Hughes & Lowry, 2006), Maxillipius rectitelson Ledoyer, 1973, and Podocerus mamlahensis Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016. Among the measured physicochemical parameters, only turbidity had a significant effect on the biodiversity of amphipods (, ) with a negative relationship based on the general linear model test. The effect of Sargassum and non-Sargassum areas on amphipod diversity was statistically not significant (, ). Also, there was no interaction between turbidity and Sargassum/clear areas (, ). However, the diversity was observed to be higher in Sargassum areas of all stations as compared to their clear counterparts, except in Khairan during January 2016, where the situation was the opposite. The abundance was highest in low turbidity, particularly at Salmyia station, compared to the high turbidity conditions at the stations at Failaka and Green Island. The species composition differed as well, the number of species found being the highest in the Sargassum area of Salmyia Station and the lowest at Failaka Island (highest turbidity). Only Salmyia Station (low turbidity) contained 27 species in its Sargassum area, of which only few were present at other stations in both areas. Turbidity affected the diversity of amphipods, and diversity was higher in Sargassum areas at all stations except Khairan in January 2016, but that difference was not significant.

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