scholarly journals Identification and Distribution of Sugarcane Stem Borer in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Md Ataur Rahman ◽  
Md Shibly Noman ◽  
Md Abdul Maleque ◽  
Md Zinnatul Alam ◽  
Sultana Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Adult Moth ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Sugarcane Stem

Field surveys were conducted during the cropping season of 2010-2011 to assess the distribution of Sugarcane stem borer species in 12 AEZs of Bangladesh. These surveys documented abundance and their distribution and results clearly showed the existence of the stem borer at all locations surveyed, but with a higher incidence in the Atwary (36%) and initiation of infestation was observed on 20 May. Stem borer incidence and distribution varied significantly among the different locations. Second highest rate of infestation (32%) was recorded in Bashudebpur followed by Dinajpur (31%), Pabna and Akandabaria farm (30%). The lower infestation was recorded in Kaliganj. The percentage of stems attacked at the Kaliganj has never exceeded 23% followed by Rajshahi (28%), Thakurgaon and Faridpur (29%). The rate of infestation of stem borer (Chilo tumidicostalis) in different locations varied from 23-36%. While morphological characteristics of stem borer species were identified with standard keys and species composition was only predominated by Chilo tumidicostalis Hampson, though previous workers found other borers in addition to this species. The sex ratio of adult moth Chilo tumidicostalis was 1:1.42 after emergence from the reared collected pupae from different locations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18406 SAARC J. Agri., 11(2): 103-116 (2013)

Chemical Control of Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen (Crambidae: Leqidoptera) at Tando Jam

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-343
Author(s):  
Muzaffar A. Talpur . ◽  
Imtiaz A. Nizamani . ◽  
Khalid H. Qureshi .
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Chilo Infuscatellus ◽  
Sugarcane Stem

Taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Italy

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duilio Iamonico
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Flora Of Italy ◽  
Nomenclatural Change ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Italy is here presented. Field surveys were carried out during the period 2006–2014. 58 herbaria (both European and American, including 12 personal herbaria) were consulted (more than 3,000 specimens were examined) as well as extensive literature was analized. Twenty-seven non-hybrid taxa (twenty-four species, and six varieties) are recognized (A. crassipes and A. graecizans subsp. graecizans are considered doubtful for the flora of Italy). Three taxa (A. blitum, A. cacciatoi, and A. graecizans subsp. sylvestris) are native, one (A. bouchonii) has doubtful origin, while the others are to be considered aliens, mostly neophytes native to the Americas. Information about nomenclature (accepted names, main synonyms, and types), morphology, chromosome number, chorology (for native taxa) or alien status (for exotic taxa, at national and regional levels), occurrence in Italy (at regional scale), ecology (preferential habitat, phenology, elevation), taxonomic annotations are provided for each taxon, as well as original photos were prepared. Diagnostic keys at species and infraspecific levels (for A. blitum subsp. blitum s.l., A. emarginatus s.l., and A. graecizans s.l.) are given. An isolectotype for the name A. bouchonii was found at Z. A list of the seven hybrids recorded and their main morphological characteristics are also given. Among them, A. × mauritii is recorded in the present study for the first time in Italy. The nomenclatural change Amaranthus × pyxidatus comb. et stat. nov. is proposed. Two specimens preserved at MPU are designated as lectotype and isolectotype of the name A. × mauritii s.s., while for A. × mauritii f. ramosissima the holotype was found; the two names are to be considered heterotypic synonyms (new synonymy).

scholarly journals Description and Biological Studies of a New Species of Metaphycus Mercet, 1917 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), A Parasitoid of Capulinia linarosae Kondo & Gullan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331985796
Author(s):  
Dorys T Chirinos ◽  
Takumasa Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Baseline Information

The guava cottony scale, Capulinia linarosae Kondo & Gullan (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is an important pest of guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) in northern Colombia and Venezuela. A species of Metaphycus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the only known primary parasitoid associated with this insect pest. The parasitoid is herein described as M. marensis Chirinos & Kondo, sp. nov., based on morphological characteristics of the adult female and male. Biological studies on adult longevity, fecundity, host preference, and sex ratio were conducted. The maximum longevity of the female and the male were 8.0 and 6.5 days, respectively, when fed with diluted honey. On average, a fed mated female laid approximately 40 eggs. Adult females of M. marensis were shown to prefer to parasitize 11- to 15-day-old adult females of C. linarosae and do not parasitize first-instar nymphs of the host eriococcid. The female-to-male sex ratio of the parasitoid was 2.24: 1. When ovipositing females of M. marensis were given only small-sized individuals (second-instar nymphs) of C. linarosae, generally the resulting progeny was a single male wasp. This parasitoid species has arrhenotokous reproduction and is a facultative gregarious parasitoid. These results show a short adult longevity, as well as a relatively low fecundity of the female compared with studies conducted on other Metaphycus species. This study provides essential baseline information for future biological control programmes for C. linarosae.

scholarly journals Community disassembly and disease: realistic—but not randomized—biodiversity losses enhance parasite transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1902) ◽  
pp. 20190260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter T. J. Johnson ◽  
Dana M. Calhoun ◽  
Tawni Riepe ◽  
Travis McDevitt-Galles ◽  
Janet Koprivnikar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Larval Amphibians ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Debates over the relationship between biodiversity and disease dynamics underscore the need for a more mechanistic understanding of how changes in host community composition influence parasite transmission. Focusing on interactions between larval amphibians and trematode parasites, we experimentally contrasted the effects of host richness and species composition to identify the individual and joint contributions of both parameters on the infection levels of three trematode species. By combining experimental approaches with field surveys from 147 ponds, we further evaluated how richness effects differed between randomized and realistic patterns of species loss (i.e. community disassembly). Our results indicated that community-level changes in infection levels were owing to host species composition, rather than richness. However, when composition patterns mirrored empirical observations along a natural assembly gradient, each added host species reduced infection success by 12–55%. No such effects occurred when assemblages were randomized. Mechanistically, these patterns were due to non-random host species assembly/disassembly: while highly competent species predominated in low diversity systems, less susceptible hosts became progressively more common as richness increased. These findings highlight the potential for combining information on host traits and assembly patterns to forecast diversity-mediated changes in multi-host disease systems.

Illustration of Key Morphological Characteristics of Phytophthora cajani-Pathogen of Phytophthora Blight of Pigeonpea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jadesha ◽  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
P. Narayan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Culture Characteristics ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Phytophthora cajani causing the Phytophthora blight (PB) disease of pigeonpea. The disease will rampant during excessive rainfall coupled with hot and humid weather during the cropping season. The present study on micro and macro morphological characteristics can contribute to the identification and specification of biology of Phytophthora spp. There are no detailed studies concerning the characterization of the P. cajani are available with this backdrop the present investigation was taken. Methods: Phytophthora cajani was isolated on V-8 PARP medium, whereas stimulation of zoospores and sporangia was done using the diluted tomato juice broth. Micro and macro morphological characteristics of P. cajani were studied using micrometry and Olympus CX41 phase-contrast microscope. Result: The pathogen was homothallic with amphigynous antheridium and oogonium and able to produce oospore in vitro. Sporangium was nonpapillate, noncaducous, oviod-obpyriform shape. Further, the macro morphological characteristics like mycelial radial growth and colony type were studied. The colony characteristics were dull white, flat and rosette pattern. Other culture characteristics like optimum temperature and RH were mostly consistent with those reported former.

scholarly journals Pêche Et Caractéristiques Morphologiques D’un Poisson-Chat Endémique Synodontis Punctifer (Daget, 1964) Dans Le Barrage Électrique De Taabo (Côte d’Ivoire)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Hervé Oussou Koffi ◽  
Diaha N’guessan Constance ◽  
Soro Yaya ◽  
N’Da Konan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Unit Effort ◽  
Significant Difference

A study of Synodontis punctifer (family: Mochokidae) of Taabo Lake was conducted from October 2015 to September 2016. This was carried out so as to evaluate its quantity (biomass) caught by fishing and also its morphological characteristics. The fish were caught using gillnets at 4 sites of the lake and different measurements were made. The fishing effort was 23 to 11 fishermen / day in Taabo city, 17 to 11 fishermen / day in Courandjourou, 13 to 5 fishermen / day in Ahondo, and 8 to 3 fishermen / day in Taabo village. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) ranged from 17.7 to 3.7 g / fisherman / day, 9.2 to 1.2 g / fisherman / day, 8.3 to 0.7 g / fisherman /day, 8 to 1g / fisherman / day at Ahondo, Courandjourou, Taabo city and Taabo village, respectively. The overall annual production was estimated at 2199.3 kg, i.e. 817 kg (40%) at Ahondo, 788.3 kg (35%) at Courandjourou, 462.5 kg (20%) at Taabo, and 131.5 kg (5%) in Taabo village. The overall sex ratio (1: 1.33) was in favor of females. Individuals have negative allometric growth at all sites with values ranging from 1.72 to 2.89. The condition factor does not vary significantly between different categories of individuals (ANOVA, F = 2.79, p ˃ 0.05). A significant difference was observed between the average sizes of the individuals of the different sites (test, p˂0,05). The large size specimens were captured at Ahondo, mean (avg = 15.38 ± 1.68 cm FL). In Courandjourou, the sizes were intermediate (avg = 13.63 ± 1.64 cm LF). Smalls sizes have been observed in Taabo city (mean= 12.37 ± 1.24 cm FL) and Taabo village (mean= 15.58 ± 1.58 cm FL).

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