Effect of dietary fiber on phosphorus distribution in fresh and stored liquid hog manure

Diet manipulation is a promising way for reducing phosphorus (P) content in manure and subsequently in surface water. The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of dietary fiber content on P distribution in fresh and stored liquid hog manure. Ten, 25 L liquid manure storage tanks were constructed and operated to simulate farm-based manure storage lagoons. Fifteen pigs were randomly grouped into three pens and the pigs in each pen were fed with a diet of different fiber contents (12%, 16%, and 21%). For 20 weeks, one litre of liquid manure from each pen was fed to each storage tank once a week with 3 replicate storage tanks per diet treatment. The samples of fresh and stored manure, each representing a diet treatment, were analyzed for P distribution along the fractions of dissolved organic, dissolved inorganic, particulate organic, and particulate inorganic. The results showed that fresh manure derived from the high fiber diet contained lower total P concentrations. Of the four fractions of total P, particulate organic P and particulate inorganic P composed 95.3% to 97.5% of total P in the fresh manure. After storage, the dissolved P concentration increased from around 25 ppm to 30–60 ppm. Inorganic P was the main fraction in dissolved P and composed 80% of the dissolved P in stored manure. The dissolved inorganic P, and therefore the total dissolved P were speculated to increase with manure storage time, indicating microbial activity through digestion. It was concluded that a higher fiber diet yielding manure with higher fiber content resulted in enhanced anaerobic degradation during manure storage. This, in return might promote the destruction of organic materials, resulting in the release of P and subsequent formation of inorganic dissolved P.

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SORPTION OF CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS FROM LIQUID POULTRY MANURE BY SOIL AGGREGATES OF DIFFERING SIZE

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss85-050 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 467-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V. K. BHATNAGAR ◽

M. H. MILLER

Keyword(s):

Soil Aggregates ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Aggregate Size ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Supernatant Liquid ◽

Extractable P ◽

P Content ◽

Manure Slurry ◽

Total P

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for a previously reported observation that addition of liquid manure to soil increased the NaHCO3-extractable P (Ext-P) of large aggregates (> 2 mm) more than that of smaller aggregates whereas addition of an inorganic P solution did not. Application of liquid poultry manure increased the total P, Ext-P and total C concentrations in large aggregates (> 2 mm) much more (> 2.5 ×) than that in small aggregates (< 1 mm). Addition of inorganic P solution or of supernatant liquid from a centrifuged manure slurry increased the P content of the large aggregates only slightly (1.2 ×). A greater increase in Ext-P in large aggregates was observed even when the smaller aggregates were purposely layered on top of the larger ones prior to addition of the liquid manure. A similar but less pronounced effect of aggregate size on increase in P or C concentration was observed when different sized aggregates were left in contact with an effectively infinite source of liquid manure for 24 h. It is concluded that the larger aggregates absorbed more of the bulk manure slurry than smaller aggregates. A partial sealing of small aggregates by particulates is suggested as a possible mechanism. Key words: Carbon, phosphorus, liquid manure, soil aggregates

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Caged Layer Performance in Pens with Oxidation Ditches and Liquid Manure Storage Tanks

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0500501 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 501-505

Author(s):

J.P. Walker ◽

H.L. Orr ◽

J. Pos

Keyword(s):

Storage Tanks ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Manure Storage

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Characteristics of various forms of phosphorus and their relationships in the sediments of Haizi Lake, China

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.469 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 2688-2694 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dongsu Bi ◽

Xiaopin Guo ◽

Zhihong Cai ◽

Xiufang Gao ◽

Yan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Procedure ◽

Chemical Extraction ◽

Overlying Water ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽

River Region ◽

Carbonate Fluorapatite ◽

Exchangeable P ◽

P Distribution ◽

Total P

The phosphorus (P) distribution in the sediments of Haizi Lake from the middle reach of the Yangtze River region, China, was investigated using a sequential chemical extraction procedure. P forms and concentrations of sediment samples taken at 25 sites over the whole lake were measured. The relationships between various forms of P in sediments and dissolved P in the overlying water were also discussed. Results showed that the concentrations of total P (TP) in the sediments ranged from 404 to 670 mg kg−1, with an average of 503 mg kg−1. The exchangeable P (Ex-P), Al-bound P (Al-P), Fe-bound P (Fe-P), occluded P (Oc-P), authigenic carbonate fluorapatite + biogenic apatite + CaCO3-associated P (ACa-P), detrital apatite + other inorganic P (De-P) and organic P (Or-P) accounted for, on average, 0.52, 0.04, 10.9, 32.0, 7.4, 20.1 and 29.0% of TP, respectively. Relevance analysis indicated that Oc-P, ACa-P and De-P, as the majority forms of inorganic P, were less correlated to others. The significant correlations between Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Or-P and TP suggested the probability of reciprocal transformation. It was suggested that Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Or-P and TP in the sediments might be released easily to the water interface, resulting in sustained lake eutrophication.

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Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from dairy cattle manure

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/880/1/012037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 880 (1) ◽

pp. 012037

Author(s):

M M Hanafiah ◽

A J Ibraheem ◽

K K Razman

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Fresh Manure ◽

Manure Storage ◽

Two Stages ◽

Friesian Cows

Abstract There is an increasing interest in reducing production and emissions of greenhouse gases to combat global warming. Greenhouse gases can be produced through animal production operations. One of the major sources of greenhouse gases emitted from the animal farming is dairy cattle barns. This study measured the CH4 and CO2 emissions from dairy cattle manure decomposition trapped inside the static chambers through anaerobic digestion process by bacteria and at regular intervals by focusing on animal age and manure storage method. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography for the estimation of CH4 and CO2 emissions. Four Friesian cows were used representing two stages of cow age (3 and 10 years old) and 1 kg of fresh manure samples were collected (feces and mixture of feces with urine). It was found that CH4 and CO2 emissions produced by cattle at the age of 3 years were higher than age of 10 years. In addition, gases emitted from fresh slurry feces were higher than liquid manure for both ages (3 and 10 years). This is due to the fact that the organic matter degradation in the feces and amount of fresh slurry feces is twice the amount of fresh slurry feces used in the liquid manure, as well as the organic matter in the manure mass for the age of 3 years is higher than for the age of 10 years. The findings from this study can provide information for improving manure management practices in animal farms.

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Seasonal Methane Oxidation Potential in Manure Crusts

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02278-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 407-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Daniel A. Nielsen ◽

Andreas Schramm ◽

Lars P. Nielsen ◽

Niels P. Revsbech

Keyword(s):

Methane Oxidation ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Oxidation Potential ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Mitigation Potential ◽

Methane Mitigation ◽

Manure Storage

ABSTRACTOrganic crusts on liquid manure storage tanks harbor ammonia- and nitrite-resistant methane oxidizers and may significantly reduce methane emissions. Methane oxidation potential (0.6 mol CH4m−2day−1) peaked during fall and winter, after 4 months of crust development. Consequences for methane mitigation potential of crusts are discussed.

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Phosphorus Leaching Under Cut Grassland

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0530 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. L. Turner ◽

P. M. Haygarth

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Large Scale ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Soil Types ◽

P Fractions ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Potential Source ◽

Significant Mechanism ◽

Total P

Phosphorus (P) transfer from agricultural land to surface waters can contribute to eutrophication, excess algal growth and associated water quality problems. Grasslands have a high potential for P transfer, as they receive P inputs as mineral fertiliser and concentrates cycled through livestock manures. The transfer of P can occur through surface and subsurface pathways, although the capacity of most soils to fix inorganic P has meant that subsurface P transfer by leaching mechanisms has often been perceived as negligible. We investigated this using large-scale monolith lysimeters (135 cm deep, 80 cm diameter) to monitor leachate P under four grassland soil types. Leachate was collected during the 1997–98 drainage year and analysed for a range of P fractions. Mean concentrations of total P routinely exceeded 100 μg l−1 from all soil types and, therefore, exceeded P concentrations above which eutrophication and algal growth can occur. The majority of the leachate P was in algal-available Mo-reactive (inorganic) forms, although a large proportion occurred in unreactive (organic) forms. We suggest that subsurface transfer by leaching can represent a significant mechanism for agricultural P transfer from some soils and must be given greater consideration as a potential source of diffuse P pollution to surface waters.

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Spatial distribution patterns of soil total phosphorus influenced by climatic factors in China’s forest ecosystems

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84166-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Zhu ◽

Anchi Wu ◽

Guoyi Zhou

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Critical Role ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

P Concentration ◽

Single Effect ◽

The Impact ◽

P Distribution ◽

Total P

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an important element in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a critical role in soil quality and ecosystem productivity. Soil total P distributions have undergone large spatial changes as a result of centuries of climate change. It is necessary to study the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of soil total P and its influencing factors. In particular, the influence of climatic factors on the spatial distribution of soil total P in China’s forest ecosystems remain relatively unknown. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in different forest ecosystems in China to assess the effect of climatic factors on soil total P concentration and distribution. The results showed that soil total P concentration significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. The spatial distribution of soil total P increased with increasing latitude and elevation gradient but decreased with increasing longitude gradient. Random forest models and linear regression analyses showed that the explanation rate of bioclimatic factors and their relationship with soil total P concentration gradually decreased with increasing soil depths. Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the most important factor affecting soil total P distribution was the combined effect of temperature and precipitation factor, and the single effect of temperature factors had a higher explanation rate compare with the single effect of precipitation factors. This work provides a new farmework for the geographic distribution pattern of soil total P and the impact of climate variability on P distribution in forest ecosystems.

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Estimation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Waste in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Diets Including Different Inorganic Phosphorus Sources

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1700

Author(s):

Maria Consolación Milián-Sorribes ◽

Ana Tomás-Vidal ◽

David S. Peñaranda ◽

Laura Carpintero ◽

Juan S. Mesa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Point Of View ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Monocalcium Phosphate ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Phosphorus Sources ◽

Total P ◽

P Sources

This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent availability and P and N excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different inorganic phosphorus sources. With this goal, fish (153 ± 14.1 g) fed four inorganic P sources were assayed: monoammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-2%, AQphos+, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O in proportion 12/88), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-5%, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O in proportion 30/70) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O). Phosphorus (P) digestibility, in diets that included MAP and SCP-2% as inorganic phosphorus sources, were significantly higher than for SCP-5% and MCP sources. In relation to the P excretion pattern, independent of the diet, a peak at 6 h after feeding was registered, but at different levels depending on inorganic P sources. Fish fed an MAP diet excreted a higher amount of dissolved P in comparison with the rest of the inorganic P sources, although the total P losses were lower in MAP and SCP-2% (33.02% and 28.13, respectively) than in SCP-5% and MCP sources (43.35% and 47.83, respectively). Nitrogen (N) excretion was also studied, and the fish fed an SCP-5% diet provided lower values (15.8%) than MAP (28.0%). When N total wastes were calculated, SCP-2% and SCP-5% showed the lowest values (31.54 and 28.25%, respectively). In conclusion, based on P and N digestibility and excretion, the SCP-2% diet showed the best results from a nutritional and environmental point of view.

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