scholarly journals Evaluation of dynamic passing gap acceptance on two-lane highways using field data

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udai Hassein ◽  
Maksym Diachuk ◽  
Said Easa
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Acceptance Model

Gap availability is an important element of safe passing on two-lane highways. Time gaps are used to determine passing behaviour based on human factors. In this paper, the decision whether to accept or reject an available passing gap is modelled using logistic regression technique that included driver characteristics (age and experience) and the gap size. Field studies were conducted to collect experimental data regarding passing driver behaviour. The data were collected using dual camera Car DVRs and a GPS data logger device that records the instantaneous speed and position of the three vehicles involved in the passing maneuver: passing vehicle, impeding vehicle, and opposing vehicle. Regression models that include driver age and gender (required as input to the gap acceptance model) were established for initial passing time, starting gap, ending gap, and time to collision. The gap acceptance model was implemented in Simulink and the results revealed that driver characteristics significantly affect gap acceptance decisions.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a microscopic overtaking gap acceptance model for two-lane highways

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir H. Ghods ◽  
Frank F. Saccomanno
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Acceptance Model

A microscopic gap acceptance model is presented that simulates overtaking behavior on two-lane highways. The decision to initiate overtaking is expressed as a function of each driver’s perception of the expected time-to-collision (TTC) with the nearest opposing vehicle at the end of maneuver. The available gap is accepted if the driver’s perception of TTC exceeds a predetermined threshold for safe return (critical TTC). The gap acceptance model is calibrated and validated based on overtaking video-recording data for a two-lane highway. The overtaking gap acceptance model is then compared, for consistency and transferability, with independent aggregate field data, as well as with two other simulation models and values given in the Highway Capacity Manual for similar two-lane highways. The gap acceptance simulation demonstrated that the proposed overtaking model is able to provide reliable measures of traffic attributes for two-lane highway operation, as verified experimentally.

Lane-changing gap acceptance model for freeway merging in simulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tae Kim ◽  
Joonhyon Kim ◽  
Myungsoon Chang
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Acceptance Model

Existing techniques for microscopic simulation of lane changes utilize a single critical gap for a single vehicle. Freeway merging areas have been among the most difficult aspects of simulations due to the wide variety of merging behaviors in these areas. This paper proposes a gap acceptance model developed to update the size of the critical trailing gap for a merging vehicle during simulation based on the location of the vehicle in an acceleration lane. It also considers the relative speed and critical leading gap. Sets of critical trailing gap values for various situations are computed. The outputs from the microscopic simulations utilizing the proposed model were compared with field data, producing strong statistical evidence that the simulation results and field data were significantly comparable.

scholarly journals Investigating Residents’ Attitudes towards Tourism Growth in Downtown Greenville, SC: The Effect of Demographic Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8474
Author(s):  
Yuting An ◽  
Jang-Won Moon ◽  
William C. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
Demographic Features

Given the high density of urban spaces, residents and tourists share resources and infrastructure in limited spaces. The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of residents’ perceived tourism impacts on their attitudes towards tourism growth, the effect of proximity to tourism center on residents’ attitudes, and how this effect is moderated by residents’ demographic features (age, gender, length of residence) in urban settings. A total of 251 responses were collected in downtown Greenville, a tourist zone located in the heart of Greenville, SC, USA. Using multiple regression models and ANOVA, the study suggested that (1) economic impact was the most important predictor of residents’ attitudes towards tourism growth, (2) downtown residents were more favorable of tourism growth than county residents, and (3) Age and gender moderated the effect of proximity to a tourism center on residents’ attitudes towards tourism growth.

scholarly journals The association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ayerbe ◽  
Carlos Risco-Risco ◽  
Salma Ayis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Time Of Admission

AbstractThis study investigates the association between the treatment with hydroxychloroquine and mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19. Routinely recorded, clinical data, up to the 24th of April 2020, from the 2075 patients with COVID-19, admitted in 17 hospitals in Spain between the 1st of March and the 20th of April 2020 were used. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, heparin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations. At the time of collecting the data, 301 patients had died, 1449 had been discharged home from the hospitals, 240 were still admitted, and 85 had been transferred to hospitals not included in the study. Median follow-up time was 8 (IQR 5–12) days. Hydroxychloroquine had been used in 1857 patients. Hydroxychloroquine was associated with lower mortality when the model was adjusted for age and gender, with OR (95% CI): 0.44 (0.29–0.67). This association remained significant when saturation of oxygen < 90% and temperature > 37 °C were added to de model with OR 0.45 (0.30–0.68) p < 0.001, and also when all the other drugs, and time of admission, were included as covariates. The association between hydroxychloroquine and lower mortality observed in this study can be acknowledged by clinicians in hospitals and in the community. Randomized-controlled trials to assess the causal effects of hydroxychloroquine in different therapeutic regimes are required.

415 Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A164-A165
Author(s):  
Ronald Gavidia ◽  
Galit Levi Dunietz ◽  
Louise O’Brien ◽  
Sonja Schütz ◽  
Matthew Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Introduction Head and neck cancers (HNC) or their treatment may be associated with an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Small studies that examined OSA risk factors in adults with HNC reported conflicting results. This study examined associations between tumor characteristics and risk of OSA among patients at least one year free of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods For this cross-sectional study of HNSCC patients at a large academic medical center, inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, with absence of tracheostomy or mental impairment. The STOP-BANG questionnaire, with a threshold ≥3, was used to identify high risk for OSA. Descriptive statistics were used to compare demographic and health characteristics between OSA risk groups. Logistic and linear regression models adjusted for age and gender were used to examine associations between demographics, anthropometric measures, and OSA risk. Results Among 67 participants, 57 (85%) were male, mean age was 62.0±8.0 (s.d.) years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.7±4.6 Kg/m2, and mean neck circumference (NC) was 16.3±1.2 inches. A total of 50 (75%) participants received chemoradiation only. High OSA risk was observed in 40 (60%) of the participants. Tumor location, tumor stage, and type of cancer treatment were not different between OSA risk groups. Body mass index and NC were greater in the high OSA risk group (BMI 29.6±4.5 Kg/m2 vs. 27.3±4.1 Kg/m2, p=0.03; NC 16.5±1.3 inches vs. 15.8±0.5 inches, p=0.01). In age and gender-adjusted logistic regression models, BMI (OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4) and NC (OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.1, 7.3) were associated with high OSA risk. Adjusted linear regression models showed that BMI (β=0.10, 95%CI 0.04, 0.17) and NC (β=0.64, 95%CI 0.32, 0.96) were associated with STOP-BANG scores. Conclusion High OSA risk was quite common after HNSCC treatment. However, measured HNSCC characteristics were not different between high and low OSA risk groups. Instead, OSA risk factors included BMI and NC, as often reported in non-HNSCC patients as well. Prospective studies before and after cancer treatment will be needed to further elucidate potential roles of HNSCC and its treatment in subsequent OSA incidence. Support (if any) Dr. Gavidia’s work was supported by an NIH/NINDS T32-NS007222 grant.

An extended technology acceptance model in behavioral intention toward hotel tablet apps with moderating effects of gender and age

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1535-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungsun (Sunny) Kim
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Acceptance Model ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tablet Apps ◽  
Acceptance Model

Purpose This paper aims to examine whether a customer’s perceptions of hotel tablet apps serve as determinants of customers’ behavioral intention in terms of the app’s ease of use, usefulness, credibility and subjective norm. It also explored age and gender as moderators of the relationships between these determinants and customers’ behavioral intention as well as customers’ likelihood of using specific app functions across age and gender. Design/methodology/approach A research model, grounded in the technology acceptance model (TAM), used data collected from 751 hotel customers in the USA. The model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings The results showed that three of the four proposed determinants positively influenced customers’ behavioral intention toward hotel tablet apps. Neither gender nor age played significant moderating roles in the relationships between the four determinants and the behavioral intention. The study also revealed age- and gender-related differences in preferences for specific hotel tablet app functions. Practical implications This study helps operators successfully plan for investing in and implementing hotel apps. It assists operators in developing effective marketing strategies by understanding factors influencing customers’ app adoption and between group differences in their preferences on app functions. Originality/value This is the first tablet app adoption study that extends TAM to the hotel industry. Thus, it extends the literature on technology adoption by exploring both existing and new variables and testing them in a new context.

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