Influences of various forms of nitrogen additions on carbon mineralization in natural secondary forests and adjacent larch plantations in Northeast China

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Jiaojun Zhu ◽  
Shuang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Phenol Oxidase Activity ◽  
Larch Plantation ◽  
N Input

Soil organic matter decomposition, a major process that affects soil carbon (C) storage, is controlled by the available nitrogen (N) in soils. However, little is known about the effects of the various forms of N input on organic matter decomposition in typical temperate forest types such as secondary forests and larch plantations. A 56-day laboratory incubation experiment was performed to determine the effects of dominant N forms (ammonium dominant = NH4+; ammonium nitrate dominant = NH4NO3; and nitrate dominant = NO3−) and four N levels (control = no N added; low N = 25 mg N·kg soil−1; medium N = 50 mg N·kg soil−1; and high N = 75 mg N·kg soil−1) on soil C mineralization in secondary forest and larch plantation soils. The results indicated that the addition of N inhibits C mineralization, regardless of the form of N applied in the secondary forest soil, whereas NH4+-dominant soil decreased C mineralization in the larch plantation soil. Furthermore, among the various forms of N, the addition of NH4+ reduced C mineralization the most compared with NO3– and NH4NO3 additions in the secondary forest soil. Additional N generally suppressed phenol oxidase activity but had no effects on activities of exoglucanase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase or soluble organic C in the secondary forest soil. The decrease in phenol oxidase activity that was associated with the addition of N is likely to have an effect on soil C mineralization. We also observed that soil pH decreased with the increasing rate of N input in the secondary forest soil, which indicates that soil C mineralization may be sensitive to the amount of N through changes in soil pH. Overall, the addition of N resulted in changes in soil C mineralization that depended on the form of the N input and the forest type. The application of NH4+-dominant N influenced soil C dynamics in the secondary forest and larch plantation soils in this short-term experiment.

scholarly journals ORGANIC MATTER IN AREAS UNDER SECONDARY FORESTS AND PASTURE

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Gabriel Menezes ◽  
Roni Fernandes Guareschi ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha Anjos ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil carbon stock (Stock C) and bulk density, the chemical and granulometric fractions of the organic matter and the isotopic signal of the soil δ13C in forest fragments and a mixed managed pasture (MMP). The study was carried out in the municipality of Pinheiral, State of Rio de Janeiro. The evaluated areas were: fragment of secondary forest in initial stage (SFIS) with 20 years of regeneration; fragment of secondary forest in intermediate stage (SFINS), with 25 years of regeneration; advanced secondary forest fragment (SFAS) with 60 years of regeneration and mixed pasture managed (MHP). The attributes related to soil carbon showed significant responses to the effects of land degradation / recovery processes, especially for the following indicators: total organic carbon, organic matter stock and particulate organic matter. No significant alterations for humic substances, and prevalence of the humin fraction was found. The most significant changes in δ13C values occurred up to the depth of 60 cm. In the grassland area, at 0-10 cm, 67% of the carbon stock comes from C4 plants, reducing in the subsequent layers. In SFINS and SFAS areas, at 0-10 cm, the contribution of C3 plants was significant, with minor changes in depth.

scholarly journals Study of changes in carbon stock in primary and secondary forest in protection forest of Soya Village, Ambon City

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
L Siahaya ◽  
L Pelupessy ◽  
Y D Komul ◽  
A Sahupala ◽  
T E Siahaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Litter Biomass ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract This study aimed to determine changes in litter biomass and the effect of changes in litter biomass on carbon stock changes in Permanent Sample Plots of primary and secondary forest in the Protection Forest of Soya Village, Ambon City, for three years of measurement. This study used a sampling method with harvesting/collection and using laboratory analysis, where the working procedure used the SNI: 7724 guidelines. The data taken includes the water content of litter, total wet weight, dry weight of the sample, and wet weight of the sample to calculate the range of biomass or organic matter and carbon content of litter organic matter. The results showed that the average value of water content in both primary and secondary forests decreased. The depletion degree was higher in the first year than the second and third year. The biomass content of litter in primary forests decreased from year to year for three years of measurement. It causes a decrease in the carbon content in the primary forest. In contrast, the biomass content in secondary forests increased from year to year and increased carbon content from year to year for three years of measurement.

Ferrous Iron Stimulates Phenol Oxidase Activity and Organic Matter Decomposition in Waterlogged Wetlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Van Bodegom ◽  
Rob Broekman ◽  
Jerry Van Dijk ◽  
Chris Bakker ◽  
Rien Aerts
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Organic Matter Decomposition ◽  
Phenol Oxidase Activity

scholarly journals Assessing Baseline Carbon Stocks for Forest Transitions: A Case Study of Agroforestry Restoration from Hawaiʻi

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Angelica Melone ◽  
Leah L. Bremer ◽  
Susan E. Crow ◽  
Zoe Hastings ◽  
Kawika B. Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Forest Transitions

As the extent of secondary forests continues to expand throughout the tropics, there is a growing need to better understand the ecosystem services, including carbon (C) storage provided by these ecosystems. Despite their spatial extent, there are limited data on how the ecosystem services provided by secondary forest may be enhanced through the restoration of both ecological and agroecological functions in these systems. This study quantifies the above- and below-ground C stocks in a non-native secondary forest in Hawaiʻi where a community-based non-profit seeks to restore a multi-strata agroforestry system for cultural and ecological benefits. For soil C, we use the equivalent soil mass method both to estimate stocks and examine spatial heterogeneity at high resolution (eg. sub 5 m) to define a method and sampling design that can be replicated to track changes in C stocks on-site and elsewhere. The assessed total ecosystem C was ~388.5 Mg C/ha. Carbon stock was highest in trees (~192.4 Mg C/ha; ~50% of total C); followed by soil (~136.4 Mg C/ha; ~35% of total C); roots (~52.7 Mg C/ha; ~14% of total C); and was lowest in coarse woody debris (~4.7 Mg C/ha; ~1% of total C) and litter (~2.3 Mg C/ha; <1% of total C). This work provides a baseline carbon assessment prior to agroforest restoration that will help to better quantify the contributions of secondary forest transitions and restoration efforts to state climate policy. In addition to the role of C sequestration in climate mitigation, we also highlight soil C as a critical metric of hybrid, people-centered restoration success given the role of soil organic matter in the production of a suite of on- and off-site ecosystem services closely linked to local sustainable development goals.

Tropical secondary forests

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Brown ◽  
Ariel E. Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Lands ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe literature on tropical secondary forests, defined as those resulting from human disturbance (e.g. logged forests and forest fallows), is reviewed to address questions related to their extent, rates of formation, ecological characteristics, values and uses to humans, and potential for management. Secondary forests are extensive in the tropics, accounting for about 40% of the total forest area and their rates of formation are about 9 million ha yr−1. Geographical differences in the extent, rates of formation and types of forest being converted exist.Secondary forests appear to accumulate woody plant species at a relatively rapid rate but the mechanisms involved are complex and no clear pattern emerged. Compared to mature forests, the structure of secondary forest vegetation is simple, although age, climate and soil type are modifying factors. Biomass accumulates rapidly in secondary forests, up to 100 t ha−1 during the first 15 yr or so, but history of disturbance may modify this trend. Like biomass, high rates of litter production are established relatively quickly, up to 12–13 t ha−1 yr−1 by age 12–15 yr. And, in younger secondary forests (< 20 yr), litter production is a higher fraction of the net primary productivity than stemwood biomass production. More organic matter is pro duced and transferred to the soil in younger secondary forests than is stored in above-ground vegetation. The impact of this on soil organic matter is significant and explains why the recovery of organic matter in the soil under secondary forests is relatively fast (50 yr or so). Nutrients are accumulated rapidly in secondary vegetation, and are returned quickly by litterfall and decomposition for uptake by roots.We propose a model of the gains and losses, yields and costs, and benefits and tradeoffs to people from the current land-use changes occurring in the tropics. When the conversion of forest lands to secondary forests and agriculture is too fast or land-use stages are skipped, society loses goods and services. To avoid such a loss, we advocate management of tropical forest lands within a landscape perspective, a possibility in the tropics because land tenures and development projects are often large.

Effects of dissolved organic matter fromCunninghamia lanceolataandCastanopsis carlesiileaf litter on soil C mineralization

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
万菁娟 WAN Jingjuan ◽  
郭剑芬 GUO Jianfen ◽  
刘小飞 LIU Xiaofei ◽  
纪淑蓉 JI Shurong ◽  
任卫岭 REN Weiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Soil C

scholarly journals Aggregate structure and stability linked to carbon dynamics in a south Chilean Andisol

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Huygens ◽  
P. Boeckx ◽  
O. Van Cleemput ◽  
R Godoy ◽  
C. Oyarzún
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
Soil C

Abstract. The extreme vulnerability of soil organic carbon to climate and land use change emphasizes the need for further research in different terrestrial ecosystems. We have studied the aggregate stability and carbon dynamics in a chronosequence of three different land uses in a south Chilean Andisols: a second growth Nothofagus obliqua forest (SGFOR), a grassland (GRASS) and a Pinus radiata plantation (PINUS). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Al as soil organic matter stabilizing agent in this Andisol. In a case study, we linked differences in carbon dynamics between the three land use treatments to physical protection and recalcitrance of the soil organic matter (SOM). In this study, C aggregate stability and dynamics were studied using size and density fractionation experiments of the SOM, δ13C and total carbon analysis of the different SOM fractions, and mineralization measurements. The results showed that electrostatic attractions between and among Al-oxides and clay minerals are mainly responsible for the stabilization of soil aggregates and the physical protection of the enclosed soil organic carbon. Whole soil C mineralization rate constants were highest for SGFOR and PINUS, followed by GRASS. In contrast, incubation experiments of isolated macro organic matter fractions showed that the recalcitrance of the SOM decreased in another order: PINUS > SGFOR > GRASS. We concluded that physical protection of soil aggregates was the main process determining whole soil C mineralization. Land use changes affected soil organic carbon dynamics in this south Chilean Andisol by altering soil pH and consequently available Al.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Modification of the RothC model to simulate soil C mineralization of exogenous organic matter"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Mondini ◽  
Maria Luz Cayuela ◽  
Tania Sinicco ◽  
Flavio Fornasier ◽  
Antonia Galvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Rothc Model ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals POPULASI CACING TANAH PADA BERBAGAI KUALITAS SERESAH (C, N, C/N, LIGNIN, DAN POLYPHENOL) (Studi kasus pada lahan Agroforestry di Taman Nasional Kelimutu, Kabupaten Ende)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustinus JP Ana Saga
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Earthworm Biomass ◽  
The Mean

Population of the Earthworm on Various Litters Quality (C, N, C / N, Lignin, and Polyphenol) (Case study on Agroforestry Field in Kelimutu National Park, Ende Regency).  This study aims to evaluate the population of earthworms and the quality of plant organic matter in various agroforestry systems, intensive agriculture and secondary forests. Taking samples of plant organic matter and earthworms conducted in January - July 2016 (in the rainy season) on the land Agroforestry : Clove (AF – CK), Cocoa (AF – KK), candlenut (AF – KM, cofee (AF – KP) compared to intensive farmland (monoculture vegetable crops) and secondary forest (SPL - HS), with 3 x replications. The observed variables in addition to the number of earthworms found and the monolith sampling, also observed the quality of plant organic matter (C (Walkley and black), N (Kjehldahl), Lignin, and Polyphenol (Goering and Van Soest)) (Kuadran).         Survey results showed that the earthworm population in SPL-AF was as low as the population in SPL-HS, averaging 3 m - 2, while in SPL - PI averaged only 0.24 m -2. The earthworm biomass in AF is about 69% smaller than the worms found in SPL - HS; average earthworm biomass in SPL - AF 15 g m - 2 whereas in SPL - HS averaged 47 g m - 2; and the smallest worm biomass found in SPL-PI averaged about 2.3 g m-2. The average quality of organic matter of C - org plants in all SPL was 38% to 50%, the highest C - org levels of AF - CK, AF - KP and SPL - HS were significantly different (p <0.05) with C (an average of 39%). Levels of N and lignin levels of all plant organic matter were equal (P> 0.05), the mean of each were 1.36% and 41.13% respectively. C / N ratio in AF - CK and HS was the average of 52.78% or 58 times higher than AF - KK, AF - KM, and AF - KP, the mean of 31.11% Polyphenolic content of different plant organic matter real (p <0.05) between SPL. The largest polyphenol content of 17.5% is found in organic material of plant AF - CK and SPL - HS, while the organic material of the plants on other land is on average 3,4%. Organic plant material with polyphenol content> 2% will be slow weathered.

Assessing biological soil quality with chloroform fumigation-incubation: Why subtract a control?

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Franzluebbers ◽  
R. L. Haney ◽  
F. M. Hons ◽  
D. A. Zuberer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Pools ◽  
Substrate Induced Respiration ◽  
Chloroform Fumigation ◽  
Fumigation Extraction

Microbial biomass, as part of the active pool of soil organic matter, is critical in decomposition of organic materials, nutrient cycling, and formation of soil structure. We evaluated chloroform fumigation-incubation with subtraction of a control (CFI/F–C) and without subtraction of a control (CFI/F) as methods to assess biological soil quality. Relationships between CFI/F and potential C mineralization, particulate organic C, and soil organic C were stronger (r2 = 0.86 ± 0.07, n = 232) than those between CFI/F–C and the same soil C pools (r2 = 0.25 ± 0.09) in soils from Georgia. From published data, relationships of CFI/F with potential C mineralization and soil organic C were stronger than those of chloroform fumigation-extraction and substrate-induced respiration with these soil C pools. Effects of land management on biological soil quality using CFI/F were consistent with those determined using other soil C pools as response variables. However, land management effects on biological soil quality using CFI/F–C were either contrary to those using other soil C pools or not detectable because of greater inherent variability in CFI/F–C. Chloroform fumigation-incubation without subtraction of a control is a robust and reliable method to assess biological soil quality under a wide range of soil conditions. Key words: Active soil carbon, chloroform fumigation-extraction, microbial biomass, soil organic matter, soil quality, substrate-induced respiration

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