Response of conifer species from three latitudinal populations to light spectra generated by light-emitting diodes and high-pressure sodium lamps

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1711-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent G. Apostol ◽  
R. Kasten Dumroese ◽  
Jeremiah R. Pinto ◽  
Anthony S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Light-emitting diode (LED) technology shows promise for supplementing photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in forest nurseries because of the potential reduction in energy consumption and an ability to supply discrete wavelengths to optimize seedling growth. Our objective was to examine the effects of light spectra supplied by LED and traditional high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps on growth and physiology of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) seedlings. We used three latitudinal sources for each species: British Columbia (BC), Idaho (ID), and New Mexico (NM). Container seedlings were grown for 17 weeks in the greenhouse under an 18 h photoperiod of ambient solar light supplemented with light delivered from HPS or LED. In general, seedlings grown under LED had significantly greater growth, gas exchange rates, and chlorophyll contents than those seedlings grown under HPS. The growth and physiological responses to supplemental lighting varied greatly among species and seed sources. Generally, LED-grown seedlings from BC had the greatest growth and tissue dry mass followed by ID and NM populations. Compared with HPS, the significant increase in seedling growth and concomitant energy savings with LED (29% energy consumption relative to HPS) demonstrates the promise of using LED as PAR supplemental lighting for container seedling production.

scholarly journals Comparison of Intracanopy Light-emitting Diode Towers and Overhead High-pressure Sodium Lamps for Supplemental Lighting of Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Gómez ◽  
Robert C. Morrow ◽  
C. Michael Bourget ◽  
Gioia D. Massa ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

Electric supplemental lighting can account for a significant proportion of total greenhouse energy costs. Thus, the objectives of this study were to compare high-wire tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production with and without supplemental lighting and to evaluate two different lighting positions + light sources [traditional high-pressure sodium (HPS) overhead lighting (OHL) lamps vs. light-emitting diode (LED) intracanopy lighting (ICL) towers] on several production and energy-consumption parameters for two commercial tomato cultivars. Results indicated that regardless of the lighting position + source, supplemental lighting induced early fruit production and increased node number, fruit number (FN), and total fruit fresh weight (FW) for both cultivars compared with unsupplemented controls for a winter-to-summer production period. Furthermore, no productivity differences were measured between the two supplemental lighting treatments. The energy-consumption metrics indicated that the electrical conversion efficiency for light-emitting intracanopy lighting (LED-ICL) into fruit biomass was 75% higher than that for HPS-OHL. Thus, the lighting cost per average fruit grown under the HPS-OHL lamps was 403% more than that of using LED-ICL towers. Although no increase in yield was measured using LED-ICL, significant energy savings for lighting occurred without compromising fruit yield.

scholarly journals Comparison of Light-emitting Diode and High-pressure Sodium Light Treatments for Hydroponics Growth of Boston Lettuce

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Martineau ◽  
Mark Lefsrud ◽  
Most Tahera Naznin ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Treatment Analysis

Recent irradiance level improvements in light-emitting diode (LED) technology has allowed this equipment to compete as suitable replacements to traditional high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps in hydroponics growth environments. The current study compares LED and HPS lighting technologies for supplemental lighting in a greenhouse at HydroSerre Mirabel (Mirabel, Quebec, Canada) for the growth of Boston lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata). The light treatments were applied for 2 hours before sunset and 8.5 hours after sunset to extend the photoperiod to 18 hours. An average total light irradiance (natural and supplemental) of 71.3 mol·m−2 for HPS and 35.8 mol·m−2 for LED were recorded over the 4 weeks of each experimental run. Wet and dry biomass of the shoots was recorded. On average, HPS light treatments produced significantly similar shoot biomass compared with LED light treatment, although the LED lamps provided roughly half the amount of supplemental light compared with the HPS lamps during the 4 weeks of the experimental treatment. Analysis of the lettuce samples showed no significant difference in concentrations of β-carotene, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, neoxanthin, lutein, and antheraxanthin among the light treatments; however, violaxanthin concentrations showed a statistical difference resulting from light treatment. When measured on an energy basis, the LED lamps provide an energy savings of at least 33.8% and the minimal “regular” HPS provided an energy savings of 77.8% over the HPS treatment.

scholarly journals Modeling Energy LED Light Consumption Based on an Artificial Intelligent Method Applied to Closed Plant Production System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Ernesto Olvera-Gonzalez ◽  
Martín Montes Rivera ◽  
Nivia Escalante-Garcia ◽  
Eduardo Flores-Gallegos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Light Component ◽  
Gp Model

Artificial lighting is a key factor in Closed Production Plant Systems (CPPS). A significant light-emitting diode (LED) technology attribute is the emission of different wavelengths, called light recipes. Light recipes are typically configured in continuous mode, but can also be configured in pulsed mode to save energy. We propose two nonlinear models, i.e., genetic programing (GP) and feedforward artificial neural networks (FNNs) to predict energy consumption in CPPS. The generated models use the following input variables: intensity, red light component, blue light component, green light component, and white light component; and the following operation modes: continuous and pulsed light including pulsed frequency, and duty cycle as well energy consumption as output. A Spearman's correlation was applied to generate a model with only representative inputs. Two datasets were applied. The first (Test 1), with 5700 samples with similar input ranges, was used to train and evaluate, while the second (Test 2), included 160 total datapoints in different input ranges. The metrics that allowed a quantitative evaluation of the model's performance were MAPE, MSE, MAE, and SEE. Our implemented models achieved an accuracy of 96.1% for the GP model and 98.99% for the FNNs model. The models used in this proposal can be applied or programmed as part of the monitoring system for CPPS which prioritize energy efficiency. The nonlinear models provide a further analysis for energy savings due to the light recipe and operation light mode, i.e., pulsed and continuous on artificial LED lighting systems.

scholarly journals Increased Plant Quality, Greenhouse Productivity and Energy Efficiency with Broad-Spectrum LED Systems: A Case Study for Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Jenny Manuela Tabbert ◽  
Hartwig Schulz ◽  
Andrea Krähmer
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Lighting Systems

A light-emitting diode (LED) system covering plant-receptive wavebands from ultraviolet to far-red radiation (360 to 760 nm, “white” light spectrum) was investigated for greenhouse productions of Thymus vulgaris L. Biomass yields and amounts of terpenoids were examined, and the lights’ productivity and electrical efficiency were determined. All results were compared to two conventionally used light fixture types (high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) and fluorescent lights (FL)) under naturally low irradiation conditions during fall and winter in Berlin, Germany. Under LED, development of Thymus vulgaris L. was highly accelerated resulting in distinct fresh yield increases per square meter by 43% and 82.4% compared to HPS and FL, respectively. Dry yields per square meter also increased by 43.1% and 88.6% under LED compared to the HPS and FL lighting systems. While composition of terpenoids remained unaffected, their quantity per gram of leaf dry matter significantly increased under LED and HPS as compared to FL. Further, the power consumption calculations revealed energy savings of 31.3% and 20.1% for LED and FL, respectively, compared to HPS. In conclusion, the implementation of a broad-spectrum LED system has tremendous potential for increasing quantity and quality of Thymus vulgaris L. during naturally insufficient light conditions while significantly reducing energy consumption.

A simple design of uniform LED illumination using catadioptric collimator and freeform lenslet array

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352110524
Author(s):  
DT Vu ◽  
H Vu ◽  
S Shin ◽  
NM Kieu ◽  
TQ Tien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Lenslet Array ◽  
Freeform Optics ◽  
Receiver Plane ◽  
Indoor Lighting

We introduce a compact lenslet array principle that takes advantage of freeform optics to deploy a light distributor, beneficial for highly efficient, inexpensive, low energy consumption light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system. We outline here a simple strategy for designing the freeform lens that makes use of an array of the identical plano-convex lenslet. The light is redistributed from such lenslet, hinging on the principle of optical path length conservation, and then delivered to the receiver plane. The superimposing of such illumination area from every lenslet occurs on the receiver plane, in which the non-uniform illumination area located in the boundary should have the same dimension as the size of the freeform lenslet array. Such an area, insofar, is negligible due to their small size, which is the crux of our design, representing a large departure from the former implementations. Based on simulations that assess light performance, the proposed design exhibited the compatibility for multiple radiation geometries and off-axis lighting without concern for the initial radiation pattern of the source. As simulated, the LED light source integrated with such proposed freeform lenslet array revealed high luminous efficiency and uniformity within the illumination area of interest were above 70% and 85%, respectively. Such novel design was then experimentally demonstrated to possess a uniformity of 75% at hand, which was close to the simulation results. Also, proposed indoor lighting was implemented in comparison with the commercial LED downlight and LED panel, whereby the energy consumption, number of luminaires and illumination performance were assessed to show the advantage of our simplified model.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Four TiO2-Based Photocatalysts to Degrade 2,4-D in a Semi-Passive System

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisoo Heydari ◽  
Jordan Hollman ◽  
Gopal Achari ◽  
Cooper Langford
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
Degradation Rate Constant ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Mode Energy

In this study, the relative efficiency of four forms of supported titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Killex®, a commercially available herbicide was studied. Coated glass spheres, anodized plate, anodized mesh, and electro-photocatalysis using the anodized mesh were evaluated under an ultraviolet – light-emitting diode (UV-LED) light source at λ = 365 nm in a semi-passive mode. Energy consumption of the system was used to compare the efficiency of the photocatalysts. The results showed both photospheres and mesh consumed approximately 80 J/cm3 energy followed by electro-photocatalysis (112.2 J/cm3), and the anodized plate (114.5 J/cm3). Although electro-photocatalysis showed the fastest degradation rate (K = 5.04 mg L−1 h−1), its energy consumption was at the same level as the anodized plate with a lower degradation rate constant of 3.07 mg L−1 h−1. The results demonstrated that three-dimensional nanotubes of TiO2 surrounding the mesh provide superior degradation compared to one-dimensional arrays on the planar surface of the anodized plate. With limited broad-scale comparative studies between varieties of different TiO2 supports, this study provides a comparative analysis of relative degradation efficiencies between the four photocatalytic configurations.

Silicon-based light emitting diode material studied under high pressure

2004 ◽  
Vol 241 (14) ◽  
pp. 3387-3390 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Prins ◽  
Y. Ishibashi ◽  
S. Sasahara ◽  
J. Nakahara ◽  
M. A. Lourenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Silicon Based

Changes in light spectra modify secondary compound concentrations and BVOC emissions of Norway spruce seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Kivimäenpää ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Ghimire ◽  
Jarmo Holopainen ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Spectra

Our objective was to study how changes in the light spectra affects growth, carbohydrate, chlorophyll, carotenoid, terpene, alkaloid and phenolic concentrations, and BVOC (biogenic volatile organic compound) emissions of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings. This study was conducted during the growth of the third needle generation in plant growth chambers. Two light spectra with the main difference in proportion of blue light (400-500 nm) and equal photon flux densities were provided by LED (light-emitting diode) lamps: 1) control (white light + 12 % blue light) and 2) increased blue light (+B) (white light + 45% blue light). The +B treatment increased needle concentrations of total flavonoids and acetophenones. The major changes in the phenolic profile were an accumulation of astragalin derivatives and the aglycone of picein. +B decreased concentrations of the main alkaloid compound, epidihydropinidine, and it’s precursor, 2-methyl-6-propyl-1,6-piperideine, emission rates of limonene, myrcene and total monoterpenes, and concentrations of a few terpenoid compounds, mainly in stems. Growth, needle carbohydrates and pigments were not affected. The results suggest that supplemental blue light shifts carbon allocation between secondary metabolism routes, from alkaloid and terpenoid synthesis to flavonoid and acetophenone synthesis. The changes may affect herbivory and abiotic stress tolerance of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals LED Lights Affecting Morphogenesis and Isosteroidal Alkaloid Contents in Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don—An Important Chinese Medicinal Herb

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Chia-Chen Chen ◽  
Maw-Rong Lee ◽  
Chi-Rei Wu ◽  
Hsin-Ju Ke ◽  
Hui-Min Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Herb ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
Fritillaria Cirrhosa

Investigations were carried out to study the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) lights on growth and development of isosteroidal alkaloids in embryogenic calli of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, an important traditional Chinese medicine herb. Calli were cultured in glass bottles, each containing 100 mL of Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 2% sucrose and 0.4% gellan gum powder, a gelling agent. These bottles were incubated in a specially designed plant growth chamber equipped with eight different LED lights consisting of single or combinations of four different light spectra emitting blue (450 nm), green (525 nm), red (660 nm), and far-red (730 nm) light. After three months of incubation, morphological changes in embryogenic calli were recorded, and LC-MS/MS analysis of cultures was carried out for peimisine, sipeimine, peiminine, and peimine. The highest number of somatic embryos and the maximum fresh weight was recorded in calli incubated under red (9R), infrared (9IR), and a combination of red+blue+infrared (3R3B3IR), respectively, in decreasing order. The highest contents of peimisine, peiminine, and peimine were recorded under red (9R) and infrared (9IR) lights, respectively. Eight LED lights had significant effects on the morphogenesis of embryogenic calli of F. cirrhosa D. Don and contents of isosteroidal alkaloids.

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