Reactions of eastern Canada oat genotypes to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Jim Menzies ◽  
Yuanhong Chen ◽  
Weikai Yan ◽  
Bao-luo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), is the most important disease and yield limiting factor of oat production in eastern Canada. In this study 101 oat genotypes composed of 51 cultivars and 50 breeding lines from eight oat breeding programs across Canada were evaluated for seedling reactions to six common Pca races, as well as reactions to a bulk inoculum of Pca in greenhouse trials and for adult plant resistance (APR) to natural populations of Pca in field trials in 2014 and 2015. Sixty-six genotypes showed resistant reactions to at least one of the six races; of these, 22 were resistant to all six races. These 22 genotypes also showed resistance to the bulk inoculum at the seeding stage and to the natural populations of Pca at the adult plant stage, suggesting that these current and future oat varieties have effective resistance against the common races and Pca populations in the region. Eleven genotypes, including 12ANS03, AAC Bullet, CFA1213, CFA1306, Idaho, OA1301-1w-3, OA1369-5, OA1370-2, OA1371-2, OA1383-2, and Oscar, were susceptible as seedlings but resistant as adult plants. APR is proven to be long lasting and provides broad-spectrum resistance to Pca populations. The 11 oat genotypes identified with APR in the present study are more desirable as sources of resistance for breeding programs developing durable crown rust resistant cultivars for eastern Canada.

scholarly journals CROWN RUST ON PERENNIAL RYEGRASS IN FIELD TRIALS

1989 ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
H.S. Easton ◽  
B.M. Cooper ◽  
T.J. Frasers ◽  
K.H. Widdup
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rust Infection

Crown rust infection of 11 perennial ryegrass cultivars vaned significantly and consistently over 6 sites. 'Grasslands Ariki,' the new cultivar 'Yatsyn' and Grasslands selections G26 and G33 were less infected than 'Grasslands Nui', 'Ellett' or 'Grasslands Ruanui'. 'Droughtmaster' and 'Marathon' proved more susceptible than most. Keywords: Crown rust, Puccinia coronata. perenmal ryegrass

Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Important Quality

Abstract Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.

VIRULENCE OF UREDIAL AND AECIAL ISOLATES OF PUCCINIA CORONATA CORDA F.SP. AVENAE IDENTIFIED IN CANADA FROM 1952 TO 1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Oat Breeding

Isolates of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae collected during a 15-year period were tested for virulence on the crown rust differential oat varieties. The proportion of cultures virulent on Landhafer increased relative to others during this period, and was related to the release in the United States of commercial varieties that contained this type of resistance. These varieties served to reduce the proportion of races avirulent on Landhafer in the crown rust population that reached Canada.The occurrence and subsequent increase in frequency of isolates virulent on Victoria was correlated with the release of the oat varieties Rodney and Garry which possess part of the crown rust resistance of Victoria. The increased proportion of cultures that attacked Ukraine also paralleled the release of these two commercial varieties. This suggests that Ukraine either contains the Victoria Pc-11 gene for crown rust resistance that was transferred to Rodney and Garry, or that it contains another gene in common with these varieties.Races of crown rust that are differentially virulent on the varieties Landhafer and Santa Fe have recently been found in Canada. One culture was virulent on the variety Bondvic but not on Trispernia. No increase in race 264 of crown rust, which attacks all the differential sources of resistance except Saia, has been observed since it was first identified in Canada in 1957.Presentation of the virulence of crown rust isolates for individual types of resistance was found to express the results of race surveys in terms which were more meaningful to the oat breeding program. This form of analysis also produced valuable information on the possible relationships of genes for resistance in different oat varieties not readily obtainable from conventional information on the occurrence and distribution of physiologic races of crown rust.

Allelic studies of new sources of scald (Rhynchosporium secalis Davis) resistance in barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
R. A. Pickering ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Resistant Lines

The use of genetic resistance is a desirable disease management strategy for controlling scald (Rhynchosporium secalis Davis) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); thus, it is essential to screen for new sources of resistance. The objectives of this study were to test the novelty of scald resistance in two barley lines from New Zealand, 145L2 and 4176/10/n/3/2/6, relative to a number of resistance sources available to western Canadian breeding programs, and to determine the source of this resistance. 145L2 and 4176/10/n/3/2/6 were resistant in New Zealand and in scald screening nurseries in Alberta, Canada, in 1998. 145L2 was crossed with 4176/10/n/3/2/6 and with four local resistant lines to determine allelic relationships between 145L2 resistance, 4176/10/n/3/2/6 resistance and the resistance(s) in the local lines. To determine the source of the resistance, all H. vulgare L. lines in the pedigree of the New Zealand lines were evaluated in the same nurseries. The resistance gene in 145L2 was not allelic to that in 4176/10/n/3/2/6 or the other barley lines tested. All lines in the pedigree of the two New Zealand lines were susceptible, suggesting that their resistance is derived from unknown parents in their pedigrees. These New Zealand lines provide new sources of scald resistance that can be incorporated into western Canadian breeding lines. Key words: Barley, scald, resistance

scholarly journals Sources of Resistance in U.S. Plant Introductions to Watermelon Vine Decline Caused by Squash Vein Yellowing Virus

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
Scott Adkins ◽  
William W. Turechek ◽  
Pamela D. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Yellowing Virus

Watermelon vine decline (WVD) is a new and emerging disease caused by the whitefly-transmitted squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV). The disease has become a major limiting factor in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] production in southwest and west–central Florida and is estimated to have caused more than $60 million in losses. Symptoms of WVD typically occur at or just before harvest and are manifested as sudden decline of the vines, often with a reduction in fruit quality. In this study, we present results of greenhouse and field evaluations of U.S. plant introductions (PIs) for resistance to SqVYV. Of the 218 PIs we evaluated for resistance to SqVYV, none were completely immune, but several showed varying levels of resistance and these were further evaluated in two greenhouse and field trials. Disease progress was significantly slower on the selected PIs compared with disease progress on susceptible watermelon cultivars Mickey Lee and Crimson Sweet. Moderate resistance was observed in two C. colocynthis (PI 386015 and PI 386024), a Praecitrullus fistulosus (PI 381749), and two C. lanatus var. lanatus PIs (PI 482266 and PI 392291). Variability in the resistant reaction to SqVYV within most PIs was observed. The identification of potential sources of partial resistance to SqVYV suggests that watermelon germplasm with moderate resistance can be developed by careful screening and selection of individual resistant plants within these PIs for use in breeding programs.

ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE OF SOME OAT VARIETIES TO PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF CROWN RUST

1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (6) ◽  
pp. 287-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peturson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Generalized Type

The reactions of five varieties of oats in the seedling and adult plant stages to seven physiologic races of crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda var. Avenae Erikss. & Henn. were determined.All five varieties were completely susceptible in the seedling stage to all the races. Two varieties, Erban and Ajax, were resistant in the adult plant stage to some of the races and susceptible or moderately susceptible to others. Two other varieties, R.L. No. 1370 and R.L. No. 1510 were resistant in the adult plant stage to all the races used in this test, and apparently possess a generalized type of adult plant resistance to crown rust.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Sources of Resistance to Sclerotinia Basal Stalk Rot in South African Sunflower Germplasm

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Seiler ◽  
Christopher G. Misar ◽  
Thomas J. Gulya ◽  
William R. Underwood ◽  
Bradley C. Flett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Sclerotinia basal stalk rot (BSR) is a serious fungal disease that reduces yield of global sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production. Because limited chemical and biological controls of BSR are available and the present-day hybrids lack sufficient resistance, identification of new sources of resistance is needed to manage the disease in the future. A total of 59 cultivated oilseed sunflower accessions from the Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, South Africa sunflower collection were evaluated for resistance to BSR in artificially inoculated field trials. Nine accessions from the South African sunflower collection were identified with a disease incidence less than or equal to the moderately resistant sunflower oilseed hybrid. These lines can be used in breeding programs to introgress the genes for resistance to Sclerotinia BSR into other adapted lines, providing a more efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly host plant resistance.

Inheritance of resistance to Puccinia coronata avenae and P. graminis avenae in an accession of Avena sterilis from Spain

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Harder ◽  
J. Chong ◽  
P. D. Brown ◽  
J. W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Coronata Avenae ◽  
Plant Stage

Accessions of wild Avena spp. obtained from the Iberian Peninsula were screened for resistance to oat crown and oat stem rust. Of a number of accessions which showed resistance, A. sterilis accession IB3056 was selected for further genetic analysis because it had combined resistance to both crown and stem rusts and as a hexaploid was readily hybridizable with A. sativa. IB3056 was crossed and backcrossed with the susceptible cultivar 'Makuru' and progeny were analyzed for segregation to a range of rust races. A single dominant gene conferred resistance to crown rust. The resistance was highly effective against all isolates of Puccinia coronata avenae tested. The crown rust resistance of IB3056 was due either to gene Pc68 or was very closely linked or allelic to Pc68. Seedling plants of the IB3056 parent were susceptible to all isolates of P. graminis avenae tested, but in the adult plant stage they were resistant. All IB3056/2* Makuru progeny also were susceptible to stem rust as seedlings, but BC1F2 adult plants segregated for resistance in ratios indicating a single dominant gene, designated Pg17.Key words: oat crown rust, oat stem rust, adult plant resistance, seedling resistance

Screening Exotic Sorghum Germplasm, Hybrids, and Elite Lines for Resistance to a New Virulent Pathotype (P6) of Peronosclerospora sorghi Causing Downy Mildew

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada L. Radwan ◽  
Ramasamy Perumal ◽  
Thomas Isakeit ◽  
Clint W. Magill ◽  
Louis K. Prom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Peronosclerospora Sorghi ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

A recent outbreak of sorghum downy mildew (SDM) in Texas has led to the discovery of both metalaxyl fungicide resistance and a new pathotype, P6, in the causal organism Peronosclerospora sorghi. New and alternate sources of host plant resistance are needed for successful management of SDM. To identify sources of resistance, a total of 333 (242 minicore lines representing diverse germplasm from India, 67 commercial hybrids from Kansas, and 24 elite breeding lines from Texas) were inoculated in the greenhouse. Using an established sandwich inoculation technique, artificial inoculation of test lines with P. sorghi conidia, resulting in < 10% infection, were scored as “resistant.” Fifty-two minicore and 20 accessions from Kansas exhibited ≤ 10% infection and were selected as resistant. Out of 52 resistant minicore accessions, 28 were photoinsensitive. Eleven of 20 commercial hybrids from Kansas showed zero percent infection. Thirteen of 24 elite breeding lines from Texas were also resistant. In this study, resistance sources for the new P6 SDM pathotype were identified. The diversity among these materials is expected to provide different single-gene sources as well as quantitative sources of SDM resistance for use in breeding programs. Accepted for publication 13 January 2011. Published 23 March 2011.

Preserving Spring Oat Yields in New York Through Varietal Resistance to Crown Rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Fulcher ◽  
David Benscher ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
Gary C. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rust Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
The Impact

Crown rust is the principal disease of spring oat in New York. Management with resistance genes is effective but contingent on understanding varietal responses to local pathogen populations. Field studies were conducted from 2015 to 2018 to assess the crown rust susceptibility of commercial cultivars and public breeding lines under natural conditions in New York. Three of the 10 commercial varieties trialed were determined to be resistant, and breeding lines from five different states also exhibited resistance. On average, yield was reduced by 34.56 kg/ha for every 1% increase in crown rust severity, whereas the impact on test weight was negligible. A race differential panel was deployed in 2018 at a central screening nursery to determine the range of pathogen virulence present. Susceptible interactions were observed on only five crown rust differentials, and virulence on all five has been recorded at high levels across the country. Crown rust may be a limiting factor to oat production in New York, but yield potential and crop value can be preserved by planting an appropriately resistant variety.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document