Evaluation of barley testing locations in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Khanal ◽  
Ana Badea
Keyword(s):  
Trial Data ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Test Location ◽  
Registration Trial ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Growing Region

In order to develop new barley cultivars, promising genotypes are evaluated for their performance each year at a number of test locations representing the target region. In this study, we analyzed the Ontario barley registration trial data from 2015 to 2020 to understand the barley mega-environment in Ontario and to evaluate the suitability of the test locations. The analysis showed that the barley test locations fall into two mega-environments, with a major mega-environment consists of five test locations and a minor mega-environment with a single test location. Among the six test locations used for the barley registration trials, Palmerston was found to be the most desirable for the barley cultivar evaluation representing the Ontario barley growing region. This study also identified OB2930-35, a recently released cultivar, to be both high yielding and stable across Ontario. These findings are useful for future barley breeding and cultivar evaluation in Ontario.

scholarly journals Genetic patterns of breeding upon creation of the first Ukrainian waxy barley cultivar Shedevr

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
M. R. Kozachenko ◽  
A. G. Naumov ◽  
N. I. Vasko ◽  
P. N. Solonechnyi ◽  
O. V. Solonechna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Genetic Patterns

Aim. The study’s purpose was to establish genetic patterns of waxy barley breeding on the basis of determination of genetic and breeding characteristics of accessions with different fractional composition of starch during 10/11-year cycles of the breeding process upon creation of waxy barley cultivars. Methods. Analysis of variance, calculus of variations, correlation analysis, genetic and breeding methods were used to investigate peculiarities of genotypes in topcross, diallel and pair-crossing designs. Results. The important scientific problem concerning establishment of genetic patterns of waxy spring barley breeding was solved. We determined morpho-biological features, variability, correlations and genetic peculiarities of inheritance, heritability, genetic variation and combining ability for quantitative traits of plants as well as for amylopectin content in starch of F1 hybrids derived from forms with different fractional composition of starch. As a result of establishing the patterns, the effectiveness of creation of valuable lines and waxy barley cultivar Shedevr with amylopectin starch was demonstrated. Conclusions. The morpho-biological, breeding and genetic peculiarities of plant traits with different fractional composition of starch were determined. On this basis, the genetic patterns of waxy barley breeding were established, and the first Ukrainian waxy barley cultivar Shedevr (with amylopectin starch) was created. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., accession, cultivar, amylopectin starch, genetic peculiarities.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Locus Rmo2 Conditioning Resistance in Barley to Host-Specific Subgroups of Magnaporthe oryzae

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga ◽  
Yoshihiro Inoue ◽  
Izumi Chuma ◽  
Gang-Su Hyon ◽  
Kazuma Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Crosses ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Common Parent

Barley cultivars show various patterns of resistance against isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae and M. grisea. Genetic mechanisms of the resistance of five representative barley cultivars were examined using a highly susceptible barley cultivar, ‘Nigrate’, as a common parent of genetic crosses. The resistance of the five cultivars against Setaria, Oryza, Eleusine, and Triticum isolates of M. oryzae was all attributed to a single locus, designated as Rmo2. Nevertheless, the Rmo2 locus in each cultivar was effective against a different range of isolates. Genetic analyses of pathogenicity suggested that each cultivar carries an allele at the Rmo2 locus that recognizes a different range of avirulence genes. One allele, Rmo2.a, corresponded to PWT1, which conditioned the avirulence of Setaria and Oryza isolates on wheat, in a gene-for-gene manner. The other alleles, Rmo2.b, Rmo2.c, and Rmo2.d, corresponded to more than one avirulence gene. On the other hand, the resistance of those cultivars to another species, M. grisea, was conditioned by another locus, designated as Rmo3. These results suggest that Rmo2 is effective against a broad range of blast isolates but is specific to M. oryzae. Molecular mapping revealed that Rmo2 is located on the 7H chromosome.

AUTOMATED MALTING EQUIPMENT FOR QUALITY SELECTION IN BARLEY BREEDING PROGRAMS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. ATKINSON ◽  
V. M. BENDELOW
Keyword(s):  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
A Minor

New equipment for the evaluation of malting potential of material developed in barley breeding programs is described. The equipment is compact and functions automatically throughout the malting process except for a minor adjustment after the germination period. Malting conditions, that is, times and temperatures of steeping in water, germination and heat-drying are programmed and automatically controlled. Samples of 40, 70 or 100 g of barley from breeding projects are processed in batches of 60, 40 or 36 under conditions that provide information on cultivar differences in maltability and malt properties.

The ability of 29 barley cultivars to compete and withstand competition

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Watson ◽  
Douglas A. Derksen ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
External Input ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Full Height

Using competitive crops and cultivars can be an important integrated weed management (IWM) tool, useful in both conventional and low-external-input (LEI) farming systems. Barley is considered a competitive crop, but cultivar competitiveness varies. There are two aspects of cultivar competitive ability; the ability to compete (AC) and the ability to withstand competition (AWC). However, the relationship between these aspects has not been addressed in barley. A study was conducted to explore aspects of barley cultivar competitive ability with oats, and to examine the feasibility of ranking cultivars based on either, or both, AWC and AC. Field trials were undertaken in 2001 and 2002 to determine cultivar competitive ability for 29 barley cultivars commonly grown on the Canadian prairies. Cultivars were selected from semidwarf and full height, hulled and hull-less, 2- and 6-row, and feed and malt classes. Yield loss ranged from 6 to 79% while weed seed return ranged from 10 to 83% of gross yield. As a class, semidwarf and hull-less cultivars were less competitive than full height and hulled cultivars, respectively. However, considerable variation existed within these classes, and an absolute relationship between class membership and competitive ability did not exist. Ability to withstand competition was significantly correlated with ability to compete, but correlation coefficients were not strong enough to attempt reliable co-selection within a breeding program. Ability to compete was a more consistent measure of competitive ability than AWC. Ranking barley cultivar competitive ability would make it a valuable IWM tool for farmers and extension personnel.

scholarly journals Impact of Grain Priming and Silicon Spraying on the Response of Barley to After Anthesis Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Fuka, Matrouh Branch, Alexandria University, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of seed priming with Ascorbic and Salicylic Acids and spraying with silicon on drought tolerance of two barley cultivars, Giza 126 and Giza 2000. Six treatment were used as follows: Seed priming with Ascorbic acid (AA) and irrigation till heading (T1), seed priming with Salicylic acid (SA) and irrigation till heading (T2), seed priming with distilled water and irrigation till heading (T3), spraying with silicon and irrigation till heading (T4), dry seeds cultivation and irrigation till heading (T5) and dry seeds cultivation and all season irrigation (T6). The results indicated that post anthesis stress decreased grain yield by 17.1 % and 100-grain weight by 11.96 %, as an average of the two seasons. Hydropriming and osmopriming with salicylic acid, in addition to spraying with silicon, decreased the effect of drought and barley plants gave comparable grain yield to that of non-stress conditions. Barley cultivar Giza 126 was more tolerant to late drought compared to Giza 2000 cultivar with S values of 0.58 and 1.42, as an average of the two seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of ecological stability in yield for breeding of spring barley cultivars with increased adaptive potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
V. M. Hudzenko ◽  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
V. P. Kavunets ◽  
L. M. Kachan ◽  
V. A. Ishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

Increasing crop adaptability in terms of ensuring a stable level of productivity in the genotype – environment interaction is still the central problem of plant breeding theory and practice. The aim of the present study is to theoretically substantiate and practically test a scheme of multi-environment trials, as well as interpret experimental data using modern statistical tools for evaluation of the genotype by environment interaction, and highlight the best genotypes with combining yield performance and ecological stability at the final stage of the spring barley breeding process. For this purpose in the first year of competitive testing (2016) at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine we selected nine promising spring barley breeding lines. In 2017 and 2018 these breeding lines were additionally tested in two other scientific institutions located in different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. For a more reliable assessment, the breeding lines were compared not only with standard cultivar, but also with ten spring barley cultivars widespread in agricultural production of Ukraine. Thus, for three years of competitive testing, we received experimental genotype-environmental data from seven environments, which represent a combination of contrasting agroclimatic zones (Central part of the Forest-Steppe, Polissia and Northern Steppe of Ukraine) and different years (2016–2018). Our results revealed significant variability of mean yield of genotypes, as well as cross-over genotype by environment interaction. The first two principal components of both AMMI and GGE biplot explained more than 80% of the genotype by environment interaction. In general, the peculiarities we revealed indicate the effectiveness of the proposed combination of spatial (agroclimatic zones) and temporal (years) gradients to identify the best spring barley genotypes with the optimal combination of yield performance and ecological stability. Using AMMI and GGE biplot models was effective for the comprehensive differentiation of genotypes in terms of wide and specific adaptability, as well as for qualitative characterization of test environments and providing mega-environment analysis. As a practical result of the multi-environment trial, four spring barley breeding lines have been submitted to the State Variety Testing of Ukraine as new cultivars MIP Sharm, MIP Tytul, MIP Deviz and MIP Zakhysnyk, respectively.

Estimation of wood density in family tests of jack pine and black spruce using the Pilodyn tester

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Villeneuve ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern ◽  
L. P. Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Test Location

Wood density is one of the traits considered for the genetic improvement of Pinusbanksiana Lamb. and Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P. in New Brunswick. For both species, family tests based on open-pollinated parents are measured to retain only about 10% of the best families in seedling orchards. The development of a suitable sampling method using the Pilodyn wood tester to rank families is discussed. It was found that Pilodyn estimates at early ages are reliable for P. banksiana only. A sample of one tree in each of five replications in a single test location yields an estimate of wood density with an acceptable coefficient of variation.

DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS TO METRIBUZIN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. CALDWELL ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Dark Regime

In greenhouse and growth cabinet studies, two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Klondike’ and ’Summit’) were found to differ in their tolerance to postemergence applications of metribuzin. Klondike was more susceptible than Summit, although both displayed varying amounts of injury depending on environmental conditions. Klondike was most susceptible following herbicide application at the three-leaf stage; when soil was moist at application; and when application was followed by a period of cold (0 °C). For both cultivars, high relative humidity and increasing duration of a dark period following spraying increased the injury from metribuzin. Increasing the duration of a light period following spraying had the opposite effect. The magnitude of the light/dark regime response was greater for Klondike than for Summit.Key words: Barley cultivar tolerance, metribuzin, environmental factors

scholarly journals AAC Whitehead hard white spring wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
H.S. Randhawa ◽  
R.J. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Leaf Stripe ◽  
Registration Trial ◽  
Lower Test ◽  
Moderate Resistance

AAC Whitehead, an awned hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent disease resistance. Based on 34 station-years of registration trial data from 2017 to 2019, AAC Whitehead had grain yield significantly higher than all of the check cultivars. AAC Whitehead had maturity similar to the checks, low lodging scores, and significantly shorter plant height than Snowstar and Whitehawk. AAC Whitehead had significantly lower test weight and higher kernel mass than than all the check cultivars. AAC Whitehead expressed resistance to the prevalent races of leaf, stripe and stem rust, and common bunt; and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). It also expressed tolerance to the orange wheat blossom midge. AAC Whitehead expresses quality attributes within the range of the check cultivars and is eligible for grades of Canada Western Hard White Spring wheat.

BARLEY CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION BY ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF HORDEIN PROTEINS: I. EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF HORDEIN PROTEINS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE HORDEIN ELECTROPHOREGRAM

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1343-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. MARCHYLO ◽  
D. E. LaBERGE
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Acid Gel

Reproducible hordein electrophoregrams were obtained when hordeins, extracted from Canadian-grown barley cultivars, were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at acid pH (acid-gel PAGE). The hordeins were extracted at room temperature into a solution of 55% (vol/vol) isopropanol containing 2% (vol/vol) monothioglycerol. Extraction of hordein at high temperature (60 °C) produced significant reduction in the number of protein bands available for cultivar identification. Alkylation of the reduced hordeins, prior to acid-gel PAGE, did not improve the resolution or appearance of the hordein electrophoregrams. The effect of environment on the hordein electrophoregram was studied. Four barley cultivars were grown at eight locations in Western Canada during 2 successive years. Hordein electrophoregrams were qualitatively independent of growth location, year of growth and protein content. These results suggest that acid-gel PAGE should prove useful as a technique for barley cultivar identification.

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