The ability of 29 barley cultivars to compete and withstand competition

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Watson ◽  
Douglas A. Derksen ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
External Input ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Full Height

Using competitive crops and cultivars can be an important integrated weed management (IWM) tool, useful in both conventional and low-external-input (LEI) farming systems. Barley is considered a competitive crop, but cultivar competitiveness varies. There are two aspects of cultivar competitive ability; the ability to compete (AC) and the ability to withstand competition (AWC). However, the relationship between these aspects has not been addressed in barley. A study was conducted to explore aspects of barley cultivar competitive ability with oats, and to examine the feasibility of ranking cultivars based on either, or both, AWC and AC. Field trials were undertaken in 2001 and 2002 to determine cultivar competitive ability for 29 barley cultivars commonly grown on the Canadian prairies. Cultivars were selected from semidwarf and full height, hulled and hull-less, 2- and 6-row, and feed and malt classes. Yield loss ranged from 6 to 79% while weed seed return ranged from 10 to 83% of gross yield. As a class, semidwarf and hull-less cultivars were less competitive than full height and hulled cultivars, respectively. However, considerable variation existed within these classes, and an absolute relationship between class membership and competitive ability did not exist. Ability to withstand competition was significantly correlated with ability to compete, but correlation coefficients were not strong enough to attempt reliable co-selection within a breeding program. Ability to compete was a more consistent measure of competitive ability than AWC. Ranking barley cultivar competitive ability would make it a valuable IWM tool for farmers and extension personnel.

Environmental Effects on the Relative Competitive Ability of Canola and Small-Grain Cereals in a Direct-Seeded System

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Frederick A. Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
System Sustainability ◽  
High Level

Growing crops that exhibit a high level of competition with weeds increases opportunities to practice integrated weed management and reduce herbicide inputs. The recent development and market dominance of hybrid canola cultivars provides an opportunity to reassess the relative competitive ability of canola cultivars with small-grain cereals. Direct-seeded (no-till) experiments were conducted at five western Canada locations from 2006 to 2008 to compare the competitive ability of canola cultivars vs. small-grain cereals. The relative competitive ability of the species and cultivars was determined by assessing monocot and dicot weed biomass at different times throughout the growing season as well as oat (simulated weed) seed production. Under most conditions, but especially under warm and relatively dry environments, barley cultivars had the greatest relative competitive ability. Rye and triticale were also highly competitive species under most environmental conditions. Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat and Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars usually were the least competitive cereal crops, but there were exceptions in some environments. Canola hybrids were more competitive than open-pollinated canola cultivars. More importantly, under cool, low growing degree day conditions, canola hybrids were as competitive as barley, especially with dicot weeds. Under most conditions, hybrid canola growers on the Canadian Prairies are well advised to avoid the additional selection pressure inherent with a second in-crop herbicide application. Combining competitive cultivars of any species with optimal agronomic practices that facilitate crop health will enhance cropping system sustainability and allow growers to extend the life of their valuable herbicide tools.

scholarly journals Key Aspects on the Biology, Ecology and Impacts of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers] and the Role of Glyphosate and Non-Chemical Alternative Practices for the Management of This Weed in Europe

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travlos ◽  
Montull ◽  
Kukorelli ◽  
Malidza ◽  
Dogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Alternative Practices

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is a common and noxious worldwide weed of increasing distribution in many European countries. In the present review, information on the biology, ecology, agricultural, economic and environmental impact of johnsongrass is given, and the current status of this weed in Europe is discussed. Furthermore, special attention is given to the important role of field trials using glyphosate to control weeds in arable and perennial crops in many European countries. Some of the factors which affect control efficacy and should be taken into account are also discussed. Finally, several non-chemical alternative methods (cultural, mechanical, thermal, biological, etc.) for johnsongrass management are also presented. The adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) techniques such as glyphosate use, crop rotation, and deep tillage is strongly recommended to control plant species that originate from both seed and rhizomes.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Competitive Ability of Semileafless Field Pea Cultivars

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory E. Jacob ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Miles F. Dyck ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Cultivar Selection

The inclusion of competitive crop cultivars in crop rotations is an important integrated weed management (IWM) tool. However, competitiveness is often not considered a priority for breeding or cultivar selection by growers. Field pea (Pisum sativumL.) is often considered a poor competitor with weeds, but it is not known whether competitiveness varies among semileafless cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine if semileafless field pea cultivars vary in their ability to compete and/or withstand competition, as well as to identify aboveground trait(s) that may be associated with increased competitive ability. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at three locations in western Canada. Fourteen semileafless field pea cultivars were included in the study representing four different market classes. Cultivars were grown either in the presence or absence of model weeds (wheat and canola), and competitive ability of the cultivars was determined based on their ability to withstand competition (AWC) and their ability to compete (AC). Crop yield, weed biomass and weed fecundity varied among sites but not years. Cultivars exhibited inconsistent differences in competitive ability, although cv. Reward consistently exhibited the lowest AC and AWC. None of the traits measured in this study correlated highly with competitive ability. However, the highest-yielding cultivars generally were those that had the highest AC, whereas cultivars that ranked highest for AWC were associated with lower weed fecundity. Ranking the competitive ability of field pea cultivars could be an important IWM tool for growers and agronomists.

scholarly journals IWMPRAISE – An EU Horizon 2020 Project Providing Integrated Weed Management Solutions to European Farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Mette Sønderskov ◽  
Ludovic Bonin ◽  
Jose L. Gonzalez-Andujar ◽  
Jens Erik Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Sites Of Action

IWMPRAISE is the first EU Framework Research project focusing solely on weed management. Thirty-eight partners in eight European countries are working together on developing integrated weed management strategies for agricultural and horticultural crops. Per Kudsk, the coordinator of IWMPRAISE, and the work package leaders present the project, the on-going studies and some of the early outputs. Weeds are ubiquitous and cause substantial yield losses across all arable and horticultural systems. Currently, the reliance on herbicides is very high in conventional farming systems and in many European countries herbicides are the single most used group of pesticides (https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=aei_fm_salpest09&lang=en). There are several reasons for the high herbicide use, such as lack of threshold-based spraying decisions and lack of any single sufficiently effective, readily applicable, cost-effective non-chemical method. Nonetheless, two factors are driving an immediate need to change weed control practices in conventional farming: the rapidly increasing problem of herbicide resistance, exacerbated by the fact that no new herbicide sites of action have been marketed since the early 1980s, and the expectation that many of the currently used herbicides will be withdrawn from the EU market as they do not meet the human and environmental toxicity criteria set out in EU Regulation 1109/2009. In addition to these two immediate concerns, it has also been shown that herbicides have partly been responsible for recent declines in farmland biodiversity and hence a negative impact on the associated ecosystem services. The over-reliance on chemical control of weeds has highlighted the need for Integrated Weed Management (IWM) strategies that combine non-chemical management options that reduce either weed density or competition with the crop.

A fungal endophyte consortium counterbalances the negative effects of reduced nitrogen input on the yield of field-grown spring barley

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 1324-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. MURPHY ◽  
T. R. HODKINSON ◽  
F. M. DOOHAN
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
N Input

SUMMARYThe use of chemicals to fertilize crops incurs economic and environmental costs and it is widely recognized that the current level of chemical fertilizer use is unsustainable in many intensive farming systems. Any methods that can reduce fertilizer input and still maintain acceptable yields would be of great benefit to both the farmer and the environment. The use of beneficial endophytes as crop inoculants may go some way towards improving crop yields beyond that achievable using fertilizer increases alone. Field trials were conducted over two seasons on three contrasting field sites to test the effects of fungal endophytes from a wild barley relative on three barley cultivars (Mickle, Planet and Propino). Seeds were either untreated or dressed with a consortium of four endophyte strains, and three levels of nitrogen (N) were applied to both treatments: full N, 50% N and 0 N. On the field site with the lowest overall N input, the endophyte treatment with 50% N restored yield for ‘Planet’ to that associated with untreated plants receiving the full N input. On the same site and with the same cultivar, endophyte treatment increased yield by 15% under full N, and by a mean 12% for all three cultivars with 50% N input. Over both seasons and all three sites, the endophyte treatment increased yield for the cultivar Planet by a mean of 9%. For the endophyte-associated increase in the variety Planet grain yield over the untreated trials strong correlations were found between increased yield and each of low rainfall, greater evaporation and greater number of degree days above the base. Furthermore, the efficacy of the endophytes was not removed by regular foliar fungicidal treatment. These results suggest that fungal endophytes can contribute to improving barley yield grown in low rainfall areas and under a range of fertilizer input regimes, provided that endophyte treatments are applied to compatible crop cultivars and sites.

Response of soybean and corn to halauxifen-methyl

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
Jessica Quinn ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Jamshid Ashigh ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
No Till ◽  
Lower Biomass

AbstractPreplant (PP) herbicide applications are an important tool within an integrated weed management system, specifically in no-till production. An understanding of crop tolerance regarding PP applications is important for effectively integrating a new herbicide into no-till cropping systems. Twelve field trials (six in corn and six in soybean) were conducted over a 2-yr period (2018 and 2019) near Exeter and Ridgetown, ON. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the tolerance of soybean and corn to halauxifen-methyl applied PP, PRE, or POST at the registered rate (5 g a.i. ha−1) and twice the registered rate (10 g a.i. ha−1), hereafter referred to as the 1× and 2× rate, respectively. All trials were kept weed-free throughout the growing season to remove the confounding effect of weed interference. Halauxifen-methyl applied 14 d preplant (DPP), 7 DPP, 1 DPP, and 5 d after seeding (DAS) at the 1× and 2× rates caused ≤10% visible soybean injury. In contrast, halauxifen-methyl applied POST (cotyledon–unifoliate stage, VE-VC) caused 67% to 87% visible soybean injury, a 50% to 53% reduction in height, 65% to 81% decrease in population, 56% to 67% lower biomass, and 53% to 63% decline in yield. Halauxifen-methyl applied 10 DPP, 5 DPP, 1 DPP, 5 DAS, and POST (spike–one leaf stage, VE-V1) at the 1× and 2× rate caused ≤3% visible corn injury and caused no effect on corn height or biomass. Halauxifen-methyl applied at VE-V1 at the 2× rate reduced corn yield 10%. Based on these studies, the current application restriction of 7 DPP in soybean and 5 DPP in corn is conservative and could be expanded. Expanding the application window of halauxifen-methyl would increase the utility of this herbicide for producers.

Sweet corn hybrid tolerance to weed competition under three weed management levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Boydston ◽  
M.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Corn Hybrid

AbstractNearly all commercial sweet corn fields contain weeds that escaped management and, therefore, sweet corn often suffers yield losses due to weed competition. For this reason, field trials were conducted from 2009 to 2011 near Prosser, WA and Urbana, IL to evaluate the responses of weeds and four sweet corn hybrids to three levels of weed management; weed free, high intensity cultivation (HC), and low intensity cultivation (LC). Weed management level had the greatest impact on early season weed densities and HC reduced final weed biomass more than LC in 2 of 4 site-years. Two taller sweet corn hybrids with greater leaf area suppressed final weed biomass more than two shorter hybrids with less leaf area in 3 of 4 site-years. When grown with less intense weed management that resulted in more weeds, taller sweet corn hybrids with greater leaf area maintained yields better than shorter, less competitive sweet corn hybrids. Utilizing hybrids with greater tolerance to weeds and greater ability to suppress weeds could be a valuable component of an integrated weed management system.

scholarly journals Effects of Farmyard Manure and Integrated Weed Management on Okra Growth Parameters (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench) at Dadinkowa

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Plot Design

Field trials were conducted during 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa in Sudan savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. The objectives of the trial were; to determine the effects of farmyard manure and integrated weed management on okra growth. The treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with farmyard manure rates occupying the main plots; while integrated weed management rates were allocated to the sub-plots and replicated three times. Farmyard manure was applied to affected plots a week before sowing okra, while pendimethalin 500 EC was applied pre-emergence at the rate of 2.5 kg a.i. ha-1 immediately after sowing. Results revealed that the effects of farmyard manure and integrated weed management were significant on plant height (P≤5%), number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and leaf area plant-1. It was observed that the control treatments of no farmyard manure applied and no weed control significantly gave lower means on okra growth parameters, while application of 4 t ha-1 of farmyard manure and weeding once at 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 WAS together with 2.5 kg a.i. ha-1 of pendimethalin 500 EC significantly gave higher means on the same traits, as well as integrated weed management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document