THE NATURE OF BULB NEMATODE (DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI) POPULATIONS IN "SUPREME", "PRINCE ALBERT", AND "IMPERATOR" IRIS BULBS, AND THEIR CONTROL BY THERMAL TREATMENT

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (6) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hastings ◽  
J. E. Bosher
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci

"Supreme" and "Prince Albert", representing a Dutch tingitana hybrid and an English iris, are much more susceptible to nematode infestation than "Imperator", a Dutch iris, as judged by the number of nematodes per unit volume of invaded tissue, viz.: 596, 108, and 13 respectively. Infestation in "Prince Albert" tends to be confined to the basal plate. Rapid multiplication of the nematodes within the bulb tissue occurs in "Supreme" and "Prince Albert." On the other hand, little multiplication occurs within "Imperator" bulb tissue.The populations within iris bulb tissue consist largely of young larvae in contrast with a high pre-adult population in narcissi. The low population of the heat-resistant pre-adults accounts for the fact that the nematode population in "Supreme" bulbs can be destroyed by a 60-minute immersion at 110° F., whereas a three-hour immersion is required to destroy the nematodes in narcissi.

scholarly journals Using homogenization, sonication and thermo-sonication to inactivate fungi

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Campaniello ◽  
Antonio Bevilacqua ◽  
Milena Sinigaglia ◽  
Maria Rosaria Corbo
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Other Hand

Ultrasound (US), Thermo-sonication (TS) and High Pressure Homogenization (HPH) were studied as tools to inactivate the spores ofPenicilliumspp. andMucorspp. inoculated in distilled water. For US, the power ranged from 40% to 100%, pulse from 2 to 10 s, and duration of the treatment from 2 to 10 min. TS was performed combining US (40–80% of power, for 8 min and pulse of 2 s) with a thermal treatment (50, 55 and 60°C at 4, 8 and 12 min). Homogenization was done at 30–150 MPa for 1, 2 and 3 times. Power was the most important factors to determine the antifungal effect of US and TS towards the conidia ofPenicilliumspp.; on the other hand, in US treatmentsMucorspp. was also affected by pulse and time. HPH exerted a significant antifungal effect only if the highest pressures were applied for 2–3 times.

THE EFFECT OF PLANT ROOTS ON THE NEMATODE POPULATION OF THE SOIL

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Henderson ◽  
H. Katznelson
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Other Hand

The number of nematodes in the rhizosphere of wheat, barley, oats, soybeans, and peas is greater than in the adjacent root-free soil. Pratylenchus sp. is present in the rhizosphere of grains in greater numbers than in the rhizosphere of legumes; Paratylenchus sp. on the other hand showed a preference for legumes. Other genera identified were more abundant in the rhizosphere than in root-free soil, but were not as numerous as Pratylenchus or Paratylenchus, nor did they show a preference for any of the plants tested. One nematode species (Tylenchorhynchus) was present in small numbers and was equally abundant in the rhizosphere and in root-free soil. The consistent distribution pattern of nematodes in the rhizosphere of wheat and of soybeans, observed at high levels of illumination (1200 foot-candles), was not maintained when the illumination was reduced to 300 ft-c or less.

scholarly journals The Structure and Function of the Tube Feet in Certain Echinoderms

1937 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
Outer Limit ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Median Part ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tube Feet

Comparison of the methods of adhesion and locomotion of the typical members of the four classes of the Eleutherozoa reveals a similarity of the adhesive mechanism in the Asteroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea in that adhesion is due in part to suction and in part to the secretion of mucus. The ophiuroid, on the other hand, has tube feet which, because of their lack of a well-defined sucker, must adhere merely by their intrinsic stickiness. The ability to make use of suction results from the possession of a sucker so fashioned that the median part of the disk may be withdrawn from the surface of contact, with the resultant production of a vacuum. The sucker of the asteroid, echinoid or holothurian tube foot is well adapted for this purpose. An essential feature of such a disk is the presence of an arborescent system of connective tissue fibres extending from the basal plate to the outer limit of the ectoderm. By means of this system, the pull initiated by contraction of the longitudinal musculature of the podium is transmitted to the ectoderm of the sucking disk, the central part of which is thereby lifted up. Where suction plays no part in adhesion, as in the Ophiuroidea, the arborescent system of fibres is lacking.

Crystal growth and nucleation in flash-injected diabase dikes

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1904-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman H. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystal Shape ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Oxide Crystals ◽  
Basaltic Melts

Z, the number of either plagioclase, clinopyroxene, or opaque oxide crystals per unit volume, varies across the widths of 10 'flash-injected' diabase dikes in a manner which is well described by the equation[Formula: see text]where y is the distance from the contact. This relationship can be shown to be a consequence of the interaction of crystal growth and nucleation during the cooling of the dikes if[Formula: see text]The value of the exponent n in [i] is a function both of m in [ii] and the dominant growth-controlling mechanism during the main nucleation period. The n values of the minerals in the dikes examined cluster around −0.9, −1.5, and −2.2. On the basis of these data it appears that m is approximately constant and equal to 3.0 in basaltic melts. On the other hand, it appears that the dominant growth-controlling mechanism during nucleation is dependent on the exact composition of the melt. For example, the clinopyroxenes in the quartz and olivine tholeiitic diabases studied, differ significantly both in their crystal shape and n values. Departures from [i] are found within a few centimetres of the contact where, because of the rapid cooling, the assumption of constant m in [ii] is not valid.

Introducing Digitization into the Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) Curves

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 1401-1404
Author(s):  
Yong Xu ◽  
Ke Gao Liu ◽  
Xiao Hong Fan ◽  
Shi Lei ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Continuous Cooling Transformation ◽  
Continuous Cooling ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Teaching Purpose

Digitization of CCT curves by systemically using common softwares was studied and practiced to rebuild the digital patterns for teaching purpose. As treated in PC procedure, the CCT images printed in books were transformed into the digital data points, which can be read and record clearly and precisely in computer, extremely changing the appearance and precision of raw images. As the digital data, this digitized CCT curves can be conveniently introduced into the courseware, drawing more attendance and interesting from students than raw images. On the other hand, these digitized data also can be used as the CCT database for industrial applications, which can introduce automation into the thermal treatment industry. That is, the digitization of CCT curves will take great advantage of the improvement of teaching and promote the producing depth.

scholarly journals Ring-Opening Polymerisation ofrac-Lactide Using a Calix[4]arene-Based Titanium (IV) Complex

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Frediani ◽  
David Sémeril ◽  
Dominique Matt ◽  
Luca Rosi ◽  
Piero Frediani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
First Time

cone-25,27-Dipropyloxy-26,28-dioxo-calix[4]arene titanium (IV) dichloride(1)has been assessed in the ring-opening polymerisation ofrac-lactide (L,D-LA). The polymers formed (PLDA) turned out to display an isotactic stereoblock microstructure (determined by NMR) despite the fact that the catalyst hasC2vsymmetry. Two techniques were applied for initiating the polymerisation reaction, microwave irradiation, and conventional thermal treatment. The polymers obtained were all characterised by NMR, IR, HPLC-SEC, DSC, and MALDI-TOF analysis. The use of microwave irradiation, applied for the first time to calixarene-based catalysts in the presence of therac-lactide monomer, increased the polymerisation rate compared with that obtained by the other method. On the other hand, standard thermal treatment enabled a slightly better control than microwave irradiation over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polylactides formed.

scholarly journals Electronic services with impact on quality of life - a survey of usage and attitudes of north-western croatian

2018 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Nikolina Žajdela Hrustek ◽  
Diana Šimić ◽  
Neven Vrček
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
English Language ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
User Attitudes

Nowadays governmental and non-governmental organizations and private businesses offer a range of electronic services that, if used, directly or indirectly affect quality of life. The supply of electronic services is growing fast, and this growth is expected to continue in the near but also in the distant future. Current generation of digital natives will not know how to live without ICTs and services provided by these technologies. User attitudes towards electronic services and the relationship between their supply and demand are the focus of this paper. Data on demand for and user attitudes towards electronic services were collected on a representative sample of adult population from Northwest Croatia. Participants were interviewed using a measurement instrument created for this purpose. Survey covered usage of electronic services offered by various governmental and non-governmental organizations and private businesses, the nature of user attitudes and the extent to which electronic services are used for the purpose of education, communication, entertainment, employment, improvement of health services and culture. The results show that, on the one hand, participants' demand for electronic services is very poor, while on the other hand their motivation and attitudes towards these services are very positive. Consistently significant differences were found in usage and attitudes toward electronic services by age, level of education and English language fluency. On the other hand, gender, standard of living and urban / rural residence were generally not associated with differences in usage of or attitudes to electronic services.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document