Archean variolites—quenched immiscible liquids

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gélinas ◽  
C. Brooks ◽  
W. E. Trzcienski Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Data ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Physical Mixing ◽  
Flow Differentiation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South ◽  
Liquid Magma

Variolitic lavas from Archean tholeiitic series north and south of Rouyn–Noranda (Abitibi Metavolcanic belt, Canada) contain large, sharply defined, spheroidal to subspheroidal felsic varioles (up to 5 cm in diameter) set in a ferruginous matrix of more mafic composition. Quench texture and flow differentiation studies indicate that the variolites were produced by rapid cooling of a two-liquid magma, and that these liquids were in contact and chemically discrete prior to extrusion. Physical mixing models do not adequately account for these contiguous magmas, yet a liquid immiscible model demonstrably satisfies almost all variolite field, microscopic, microprobe, and chemical data. We conclude Archean variolites are formed by immiscible splitting of a magma of tholeiitic composition.

The Rough South of Ron Rash

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ærvold Bjerre
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
White Trash ◽  
Poor Whites ◽  
The People ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
North And South

This chapter discusses the fiction of Ron Rash, who sets almost all of his work—poems, short stories, and novels—in the Carolinas and focuses on the people who live or have lived there. Rash was born in Chester, South Carolina, in 1953, and grew up in Boiling Springs, North Carolina. While not a direct heir to the “Southern Redneck and White Trash” tradition, Rash fills his work with characters firmly embedded in the Rough South—mostly lower-class whites from Appalachian North and South Carolina. Rash's work illustrates his concern with working-class characters and their struggles, with poor whites and their violent conflicts. His interest in the working class reflects his own family background. Rash published his first collection of poetry, Eureka Mill, in 1998. He also wrote novels that depict violence, such as One Foot in Eden, The World Made Straight, and Serena.

scholarly journals Bimodal code-mixing: Dutch spoken language elements in NGT discourse

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD BANK ◽  
ONNO CRASBORN ◽  
ROELAND VAN HOUT
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Manual Signs ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Analysis

Mouthings, the spoken language elements in sign language discourse, are typically analysed as having a redundant, one-on-one relationship with manual signs, both semantically and temporally. We explore exceptions to this presupposed semantic and temporal congruency in a corpus of spontaneous signed conversation by deaf users of Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). We identify specifying mouthings (words with a different meaning than the co-occurring sign), solo mouthings (uttered while the hands are inactive) and added mouthings (words added to a signing stream without their corresponding sign), and make a sentence-level analysis of their occurrences. These non-redundant mouthings occurred in 12% of all utterances, and were made by almost all signers. We argue for the presence of a code-blending continuum for NGT, where NGT is the matrix language and spoken Dutch is blended in, in various degrees. We suggest expansion of existing code-mixing models, to allow for description of bimodal mixing.

scholarly journals The Flare and Warp of the Young Stellar Disk Traced with LAMOST DR5 OB-type Stars

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Hai-Feng Wang ◽  
Wen-Yuan Cui ◽  
Lin-Lin Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Scale Height ◽  
Stellar Disk ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Galactocentric Distance ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Giant ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South

Abstract We present an analysis of the spatial density structure for the outer disk from 8–14 kpc with the LAMOST DR5 13,534 OB-type stars and observe similar flaring on the north and south sides of the disk, implying that the flaring structure is symmetrical about the Galactic plane, for which the scale height at different Galactocentric distances is from 0.14 to 0.5 kpc. By using the average slope to characterize the flaring strength, we find that the thickness of the OB stellar disk is similar but that flaring is slightly stronger compared to the thin disk as traced by red giant branch stars, possibly implying that secular evolution is not the main contributor to the flaring but rather perturbation scenarios such as interactions with passing dwarf galaxies could be possible. When comparing the scale height of the OB stellar disk on the north and south sides with the gas disk, the former one is slightly thicker than the latter one by ≈33 and 9 pc, meaning that one could tentatively use young OB-type stars to trace the gas properties. Meanwhile, we determine that the radial scale length of the young OB stellar disk is 1.17 ± 0.05 kpc, which is shorter than that of the gas disk, confirming that the gas disk is more extended than the stellar disk. What is more, by considering the midplane displacements (Z 0) in our density model we find that almost all values of Z 0 are within 100 pc, with an increasing trend as Galactocentric distance increases.

Potential Distribution of Fall Armyworm in Africa and Beyond, Considering Climate Change and Irrigation Patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipana Paudel Timilsena ◽  
Saliou Niassy ◽  
Emily Kimathi ◽  
Elfatih. M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Irmgard Seidl-Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Population Establishment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South ◽  
Irrigation Patterns

Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW), first invaded Africa in 2016 and has since become established in many areas across the continent where it poses a serious threat to food and nutrition security. We re-parameterized the existing CLIMEX model to assess the FAW global invasion threat, emphasizing the risk of transient and permanent population establishment in Africa under current and predicted future climates, considering irrigation patterns. FAW can establish itself in almost all countries in eastern and central Africa and a large part of western Africa under the current climate. Climatic barriers, such as heat and dry stresses, may limit the spread of FAW to North and South Africa. Future predictions suggest that FAW invasive range will retract from both northern and southern regions towards the equator. However, a large area in eastern and central Africa is predicted to have an optimal climate for FAW persistence. These areas will serve as FAW ‘hotspots’ from where it may migrate to the north and south during winter seasons and then pose an economic threat. Our projections can be used to identify countries at risk for permanent and transient FAW-population establishment and inform timely integrated pest management interventions under present and future climate in Africa.

scholarly journals Determinate pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp] genotypes on the north and south coasts of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-556
Author(s):  
Abad Morales ◽  
Brunilda Luciano ◽  
Francisco H. Ortiz ◽  
Nabor Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Better Than

Seven experiments were established at the Juana Díaz and Isabela agricultural experiment substations to evaluate the performance of determinate pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] genotypes. Significant differences were found for yield, height, flowering date, seed weight and number of seeds per pod in almost all the experiments. Many genotypes performed better than the commercial cultivar 2B-Bushy used as check.

The Oxford Handbook of Irish Politics

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Economic Underdevelopment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South ◽  
Irish Politics

Ireland has enjoyed continuous democratic government for almost a century, an unusual experience among countries that gained their independence in the twentieth century. But the way this works has changed dramatically over time. Ireland’s colonial past has had an enduring influence over political life, enabling stable institutions of democratic accountability, while also shaping economic underdevelopment and persistent emigration. More recently, membership of the EU has brought about far-reaching transformation across almost all aspects of life. But the paradoxes have only intensified. Now one of the most open economies in the world, Ireland has experienced both rapid growth and a severe crash in the wake of the Great Recession. By some measures, Ireland is among the most affluent countries in the world, yet this is not the lived experience for many of its citizens. Ireland is an unequivocally modern state, yet public life continues to be marked by ideas and values in which tradition and modernity are uneasy bedfellows. It is a small state that has ambitions to carry more weight on the world stage. Ireland continues to be deeply connected to Britain through ties of culture and trade, now matters of deep concern post-Brexit. And the old fault lines between North and South, between Ireland and Britain, which had been at the core of one of Europe’s longest and bloodiest civil conflicts, risk being reopened. These key issues are teased out in this book, making it the most comprehensive volume on Irish politics to date.

Presence of a clostero-like virus and a bacilliform virus in pineapple plants in Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Wakman ◽  
DS Teakle ◽  
JE Thomas ◽  
RG Dietzgen
Keyword(s):  
First Report ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Pineapple Leaves ◽  
Selection Of

When sap of asymptomatic or mealybug wilt-affected pineapple plants of the Smooth Cayenne group was negatively stained and examined in an electron microscope, clostero-like virus particles were occasionally seen. However, numerous clostero-like virus particles and occasionally some bacilliform particles were seen in partially purified preparations from both asymptomatic and wilted pineapple leaves. An antiserum, made by injecting partially purified preparations of clostero-like particles into a rabbit, trapped and decorated the clostero-like particles. Using this antiserum, the clostero-like particles (c. 1700 -1900x12 nm) were found in almost all plants tested of Smooth Cayenne selections C10, C13, C30 and F-180, the hybrid cv. 53-116 and a selection of the rough leaf Queen group. The particles were more readily trapped from extracts of roots of hybrid cv. 53-116 and Smooth Cayenne selection C10 than from leaves, crowns and fruits. They were not detected in seedlings of a cross between a Queen selection and the Smooth Cayenne selection C10. The clostero-like particles are similar to those reported to occur in pineapple plants in Hawaii and South Africa. This is the first report of their occurrence in Australia. Trapping and decoration tests of particles in pineapples in quarantine from Brazil, France, Malaysia and Taiwan indicated that a similar clostero-like virus occurs in all these countries. The bacilliform particles measured about 133x33 nm. They were trapped and decorated by the Queensland pineapple virus antiserum and also by an antiserum to sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus. They were detected occasionally in various smooth leaf and rough leaf pineapples in north and south Queensland and northern New South Wales. However, in one commercial planting of Smooth Cayenne selection C10 in south Queensland, bacilliform particles were trapped from 29/47 plants. This is the first report of a small bacilliform virus, probably belonging to the badnavirus group, occurring in pineapple plants. The relationship of the clostero-like and bacilliform viruses to yield loss and mealybug wilt in pineapples is unknown.

scholarly journals Morphology of various strains of the trypanosome causing disease in man in Nyasaland.—The mzimba strain

1913 ◽  
Vol 87 (592) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South

Up to the present time it has usually been considered that almost all the cases of Human trypanosome disease in man in Nyasaland have been confined to a small area. This, the so-called Sleeping-Sickness District, has been described in a former paper, but it may be repeated here that it is the part of the “fly-country” lying along the western shore of Lake Nyasa, between S. lat. 13° 20' and 13° 50', and extending some twenty miles inland. Through the centre of this area a road runs from Domira Bay on the Lake into North-East Rhodesia. This road, until lately, was a principal highway between the coast and Central Africa. Dr. Aylmer May, the Principal Medical Officer of North-East Rhodesia, who lately visited Kasu, informed the Commission that it was along this trade-route that all the North-East Rhodesian, cases of Human trypanosome disease have occurred. It is said that some 25,000 native porters passed along this road every year, and as they entered a Glossina palpalis area at the Congo end of their journey, it seemed at first natural to suspect that the disease was true Sleeping Sickness, and had spread from west to east along this trade-route. This suspicion was shown to be groundless by the discovery that the parasite causing the disease in North-East Rhodesia and Nyasaland is not Trypanosoma gambiense , but a distinct and separate species giving rise to a totally different disease. The question then arose as to whether this was an imported or indigenous disease. It has, therefore, been one of the objects of this Commission to determine whether the trypanosome causing Human trypanosome disease in Nyasaland is restricted to the game and “fly” of the Proclaimed Area, or if it extends to the north and south along the “fly-belt.” If it is found to extend over all the “fly-area” in Nyasaland, then the disease is probably native to the soil and not an importation from Tanganyika or the Congo. But it will be well at this point to lay down definitely the various opinions or theories at issue. These are three in number.

scholarly journals A Study on the Knowledge Level and Extent of Adoption of Plant Protection Measures against Blast Disease of Rice by the Farmers of Indian Sundarbans

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Sabita Nath ◽  
Bholanath Mondal ◽  
Palash Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
North And South

The study was conducted to know the knowledge and adoption level of plant protection measures against blast disease among 80 respondent paddy growers in the blocks of North and South 24 Parganas of Sundarbans. About 48.75% of the respondents had medium knowledge. Majority of the respondents (75%) knew about blast disease of rice and its key identifying symptom. The 67.5% farmers were having the knowledge about the fungicides used against the disease (Tricyclazole 75 WP, Carbendazim 50 WP, Hexaconazole 5EC), and 22.5% of the farmers knowing about the recommended dose of fungicide application.  The 28.75% of the respondents also knew that the fungicide should be applied at the first appearance of the disease. Further, it has been found that the adoption level of plant protection measures against blast disease of rice was medium (47.5%). Nearly 53.75% of the respondents practicing rice cultivation were in the middle age group of 31-50 years.  Most of the respondent had either 0.13-0.27ha (22.5%) or 0.40-0.67ha (37.5%) landholding wherein they were practicing rice cultivation. Almost all the respondents (100%) possessed Knapsack or hand sprayer for fungicide application. Climatic vagaries, lack of knowledge about to the number of sprays and concerning technology application, non-availability of fungicide on time, lack of facility at the nearby place were the major constraints as expressed by 95, 83.75, 85, 90, and 95 per cent of respondents, respectively. The high cost of chemicals and expensiveness and non-availability of labour during peak cropping period were also the major constraints as expressed by 60 and 83.75 per cent of the respondents, respectively. There was a significant relationship between age, education, landholding, social, mass media and participation in extension activities with knowledge and adoption levels of the farmers of the Indian Sundarbans.

A REVISION OF THE GENERA OF THE SYRPHINI (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (S62) ◽  
pp. 5-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Vockeroth
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The World ◽  
Neotropical Fauna ◽  
Ethiopian Region ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
World Distribution

AbstractA revised generic classification of world Syrphini is proposed. It is based on a study of characters of the adults of 318 described species plus approximately 85 more species as yet either undescribed or unidentified. Thirty-seven genera are recognized; keys to these genera, and to the smaller number of genera known from each of the major zoogeographic regions (except the eastern Palaearctic and Oriental) are presented. Eight new genera, Notosyrphus (South America), Exallandra (Ethiopian Region), Citrogramma (Oriental Region and Australia), Dideomima (Mexico), Hermesomyia (Ecuador), Pseudoscaeva (North and South America), Antillus (Haiti), and Giluwea (New Guinea), and two new subgenera, Melangyna (Austrosyrphus) (Australia and New Zealand) and M. (Melanosyrphus) (New Guinea), are described. Nine new species, in Melangyna (Melanosyrphus), Citrogramma, Hermesomyia, Antillus, and Giluwea, are described. The genus Orphnabaccha is transferred from the tribe Bacchini to the Syrphini, and the genus Toxomerus (including Mesograpta) is referred to the tribe Toxomerini. Maps showing the world distribution of each genus and subgenus, and figures of the male terminalia of the type-species of almost all genera and subgenera, are presented.The peculiar nature of the Neotropical fauna of Syrphini, with almost all species belonging to two large and very diverse genera, is compared with the situation in the rest of the world, where in most major regions the Syrphini consist mostly of a moderate number of medium-sized genera each of which shows much less diversity. Possible reasons for this difference, and for the great preponderance of more primitive Diptera among those with apparent transantarctic relationships, are suggested.

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