Isotopic composition and origin of lacustrine brines in the Arctic

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pagé ◽  
J. Michaud ◽  
M. Ouellet ◽  
M. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Meromictic Lakes ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Cornwallis Island ◽  
Isotope Content ◽  
Deep Stratum

Meromictic lakes in the Arctic Archipelago were analyzed to determine whether the isotope content of the water molecule might confirm their oceanic origin. The 25 m bottom layer of Lake Garrow, on Little Cornwallis Island, is filled with a homogeneous sodium chloride solution with 2.6 times the chloride concentration of seawater (52 g L−1). Its δ18O value is around −10‰ with respect to V-SMOW, and its δ2H is eight times the oxygen value (~ −85‰). In Lake Sophia on Cornwallis Island, the deep stratum (25 m thick) is less concentrated (35 g L−1 Cl−1) and shows slightly higher δ18O and δ2H values (−9 and −75‰, respectively).Chemocline and surficial waters result from mixing between bottom waters and meteoric waters. The chemical and isotopic signals are interpreted as evidence of diagenesis through subpermafrost or intrapermafrost freezing of aquifers once filled with seawater, at some time during postglacial emergence.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Microstructural Evolution of Glauberite and Its Weakening Mechanism under the Effect of Thermal-Hydrological-Chemical Coupling

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhao Chen ◽  
Donghua Zhang ◽  
Tao Shang ◽  
Tao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Expansion Velocity ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Characteristic Index ◽  
Chemical Coupling

The microstructures of rock gradually evolve with changes in the external environment. This study focused on the microstructure evolution of glauberite and its weakening mechanism under different leaching conditions. The porosity were used as a characteristic index to study the effect of brine temperature and concentration on crack initiation and propagation in glauberite. The research subjects were specimens of ϕ3 × 10 mm cylindrical glauberite core, obtained from a bedded salt deposit buried more than 1000 m underground in the Yunying salt formation, China. The results showed that when the specimens were immersed in solution at low temperature, due to hydration impurities, cracks appeared spontaneously at the centre of the disc and the solution then penetrated the specimens via these cracks and dissolved the minerals around the crack lines. However, with an increase of temperature, the dissolution rate increased greatly, and crack nucleation and dissolved regions appeared simultaneously. When the specimens were immersed in a sodium chloride solution at the same concentration, the porosity s presented gradual upward trends with a rise in temperature, whereas, when the specimens were immersed in the sodium chloride solution at the same temperature, the porosity tended to decrease with the increase of sodium chloride concentration. In the process of leaching, the hydration of illite, montmorillonite, and the residual skeleton of glauberite led to the expansion of the specimen volume, thereby producing the cracks. The diameter expansion rate and the expansion velocity of the specimen increased with temperature increase, whereas, due to the common-ion effect, the porosity of the specimen decreases with the increase of sodium chloride solution concentration.

Corrosion Resistance of High-Alloyed Material UNS N08028 in Sodium Chloride Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Li Na Zhang ◽  
Jerzy A. Szpunar ◽  
Jian Xin Dong ◽  
Mai Cang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Decreasing Ph

The influence of ions chloride concentration and pH value on the corrosion resistance of high-alloyed material UNS N08028 in the sodium chloride solution is investigated. Results show that the corrosion potential is active cathodically with the increase of chloride concentration. The current density and corrosion rate both increase with increasing chloride concentration and decreasing pH value.

Determining the Potential of Salinity Gradient Energy Source Using an Exergy Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Emdadi ◽  
Mansour Zenouzi ◽  
Gregory J. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Semipermeable Membranes ◽  
Dead State ◽  
Gradient Energy

Mixing of fresh (river) water and salty water (seawater or saline brine) in a control fashion would produces an electrical energy known as salinity gradient energy (SGE). Two main conversion technologies of SGE are membrane-based processes; pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED). In PRO, semipermeable membranes placed between the two streams of solutions allow the transport of water from low-pressure diluted solution to high-pressure concentrated solution. RED requires two alternating semipermeable membranes that allow the diffusion of the ions but not the flow of H2O. Lifetime and power density of the semipermeable membrane are two main factors affecting on deployment of PRO and RED. Semipermeable membranes with lifetime greater than 10 years and power density higher than 5 W/m2 would lead to faster development of this conversion technology. An exergy analysis of an SGE system of sea-river can be applied to calculate the maximum potential power for electricity generation. Seawater is taken as reference environment (global dead state) for calculating the exergy of water since the seawater is the final reservoir. Once the fresh water is mixed with water of the sea or lake it becomes unuseful for human, agricultural or industrial uses loses all its exergy. Aqueous sodium chloride solution model is used in this study to calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. This model does not consider seawater as an ideal model and provides accurate thermodynamics properties of sodium chloride solution. As a case study, exergy calculation of Iran’s Urmia Lake-GadarChay River system. The chemical exergy analysis considers sodium chloride (NaCl) as main salt in the water of Lake Urmia. The sodium chloride concentration is more than 200 g/L in recent years. Based on the exergy results the potential power of this system is 329 MW. This results indicates a high potential for constructing power plant for salinity gradient energy conversion.

Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration Process of Carrot Cubes in Sodium Chloride Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahadur Singh ◽  
Paramjit S Panesar ◽  
Vikas Nanda ◽  
M B Bera
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Dehydration Process ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Osmotic Solution ◽  
Face Centered

For optimization of osmotic dehydration process of carrot cubes in sodium chloride solution by response surface methodology, the experiments were conducted according to Face-Centered Central Composite Design (CCF). The independent process variables for osmotic dehydration process were osmotic solution concentrations (5 -15% w/v sodium chloride), temperature (30 -50°C) and process durations (90 -150 minutes). The osmotic dehydration process was optimized for maximum water loss, minimum solute gain, maximum retention of colour and sensory score. The optimum conditions were 7.9 % sodium chloride concentration; 30°C osmotic solution temperature and 150 minutes process duration.

Corrosion of Steel Weldments

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. U. MacEWAN ◽  
H. H. YATES
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

Abstract Forty-six different steel weldments were subjected to 12 months' alternate immersion in 3 percent sodium chloride solution. Weight loss was more dependent on the type of steel than the nature of the weld, but severity of corrosion in the weld region was affected by both factors. Apparatus was constructed to measure short circuit current between exposed surfaces of parent metal and weld metal. Rapid fluctuations in this current made precise determinations difficult, but average values were reproducible if a set conditioning procedure was used prior to measurement. Variations in current with sodium chloride concentration and with oxygen content of a gas mixture bubbled into the solution were determined, and the activation energy in a 3 percent sodium chloride solution increased from 4 to 6 kcal/mole as the oxygen content of the gas mixture decreased from 100 to 20 percent. 3.7.3

scholarly journals Cucumber Pickles and Fermentations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmad Ghazi Al-Shawi ◽  
Sadiq Jaafir Aziz Alneamah
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Tank ◽  
Tank System

Cucumber sometimes used in sodium chloride solution as a substrate in lactic acid bacteria fermentation. The good fermentation always depending on many overlapped physical, chemical and microbial factors related with suspension of a strong and porous vegetables in a fluid. Keeping the cucumber integrity is very critical issue, and this may affect on the fermentation of liquid ingredients. This chapter tries to focus on the current efforts that conducting to control on the factors that affecting on cucumber fermentation. Modern and advanced technologies of recent studies are included within this chapter just like reducing the brining sodium chloride concentration, fresh cucumber gas exchange to develop their brining properties by using lactic acid bacteria cultures, developing an anaerobic cucumber fermentation tank system; preventing of cucumber gaseous spoilage by pouring of CO2 from fermentation brines.

Chloride ion storage performance of polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite in aqueous sodium chloride solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 111209
Author(s):  
Tiantian Zhu ◽  
Hui Kong ◽  
Tianchen Xia ◽  
Yuyin Shen ◽  
Yingchun Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposite
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