Can fisheries yield be enhanced by large-scale feeding of a predatory fish stock? A case study of the Icelandic cod stock

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2091-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Björnsson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Feeding Technique ◽  
Predator Abundance ◽  
The Cost

The concept of large-scale feeding of a predatory fish stock by natural prey species is introduced and evaluated for the Icelandic cod (Gadus morhua L.) stock. The paper addresses the question of whether fisheries yield can be enhanced by relocating food supply in an ecosystem from areas of surplus prey abundance to areas where predator abundance is high and prey abundance low. The benefits of large-scale feeding may be threefold. First, it may increase the growth rate and yield of a predatory fish stock. Second, it may reduce predation on valuable species. Third, it may lower the cost of fishing. For large-scale feeding to be economically feasible it is necessary to have access to large quantities of inexpensive and high-quality feed. In Iceland about 1 000 000 t of capelin, herring, and blue whiting are landed annually for fishmeal production, their price being less than 10% of that of cod. For much of the year these stocks are outside the distributional area of the Icelandic cod stock. The most cost-effective feeding technique must involve purse seiners and pelagic trawlers transporting their catch directly to the feeding locations. Different feeding scenarios, harvesting techniques, and ecological consequences are considered for the Icelandic cod stock.

scholarly journals A Review on Terahertz Technologies Accelerated by Silicon Photonics

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1646
Author(s):  
Jingya Xie ◽  
Wangcheng Ye ◽  
Linjie Zhou ◽  
Xuguang Guo ◽  
Xiaofei Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Silicon Photonics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit ◽  
Hybrid Silicon ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Thz Applications

In the last couple of decades, terahertz (THz) technologies, which lie in the frequency gap between the infrared and microwaves, have been greatly enhanced and investigated due to possible opportunities in a plethora of THz applications, such as imaging, security, and wireless communications. Photonics has led the way to the generation, modulation, and detection of THz waves such as the photomixing technique. In tandem with these investigations, researchers have been exploring ways to use silicon photonics technologies for THz applications to leverage the cost-effective large-scale fabrication and integration opportunities that it would enable. Although silicon photonics has enabled the implementation of a large number of optical components for practical use, for THz integrated systems, we still face several challenges associated with high-quality hybrid silicon lasers, conversion efficiency, device integration, and fabrication. This paper provides an overview of recent progress in THz technologies based on silicon photonics or hybrid silicon photonics, including THz generation, detection, phase modulation, intensity modulation, and passive components. As silicon-based electronic and photonic circuits are further approaching THz frequencies, one single chip with electronics, photonics, and THz functions seems inevitable, resulting in the ultimate dream of a THz electronic–photonic integrated circuit.

An International Campaign for Agricultural and Livestock Genomics (CALG)

2002 ◽  
Vol 06 (24) ◽  
pp. 958-965
Author(s):  
Jun Yu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Huanming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Environmental Biology ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Cost

A coordinated international effort to sequence agricultural and livestock genomes has come to its time. While human genome and genomes of many model organisms (related to human health and basic biological interests) have been sequenced or plugged in the sequencing pipelines, agronomically important crop and livestock genomes have not been given high enough priority. Although we are facing many challenges in policy-making, grant funding, regional task emphasis, research community consensus and technology innovations, many initiatives are being announced and formulated based on the cost-effective and large-scale sequencing procedure, known as whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing that produces draft sequences covering a genome from 95 percent to 99 percent. Identified genes from such draft sequences, coupled with other resources, such as molecular markers, large-insert clones and cDNA sequences, provide ample information and tools to further our knowledge in agricultural and environmental biology in the genome era that just comes to its accelerated period. If the campaign succeeds, molecular biologists, geneticists and field biologists from all countries, rich or poor, would be brought to the same starting point and expect another astronomical increase of basic genomic information, ready to convert effectively into knowledge that will ultimately change our lives and environment into a greater and better future. We call upon national and international governmental agencies and organizations as well as research foundations to support this unprecedented movement.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Large-Scale Crèche Intervention to Prevent Child Drowning in Rural Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Natalia Alfonso ◽  
Adnan A Hyder ◽  
Olakunle Alonge ◽  
Shumona Sharmin Salam ◽  
Kamran Baset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Program Cost ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Drowning is the leading cause of death among children 12-59 months old in rural Bangladesh. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a large-scale crèche intervention in preventing child drowning. Estimates of the effectiveness of the crèches was based on prior studies and the program cost was assessed using monthly program expenditures captured prospectively throughout the study period from two different implementing agencies. The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness from both a program and societal perspective. Results showed that from the program perspective the annual operating cost of a crèche was $416.35 (95%C.I.: $222 to $576), the annual cost per child was $16 (95%C.I.: $9 to $22) and the incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life saved with the crèches was $17,803 (95%C.I.: $9,051 to $27,625). From the societal perspective (including parents time valued) the ICER per life saved was -$176,62 (95%C.I.: -$347,091 to -$67,684)—meaning crèches generated net economic benefits per child enrolled. Based on the ICER per disability-adjusted-life years averted from the societal perspective (excluding parents time), $2,020, the crèche intervention was cost-effective even when the societal economic benefits were ignored. Based on the evidence, the creche intervention has great potential for reducing child drowning at a cost that is reasonable.

A review of gasification of bio-oil for gas production

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1600-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Lu Zheng ◽  
Ya-Hong Zhu ◽  
Ming-Qiang Zhu ◽  
Kang Kang ◽  
Run-Cang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Advanced Fuels ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Effective Transport ◽  
The Cost

The commercial production of advanced fuels based on bio-oil gasification could be promising because the cost-effective transport of bio-oil could promote large-scale implementation of this biomass technology.

scholarly journals Validation of variants using cost effective highresolution melting (HRM) analysis predicted from target re-sequencing in Eucalyptus

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Abdul Bari Muneera Parveen ◽  
Divya Lakshmanan ◽  
Modhumita Ghosh Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Hrm Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The advent of next-generation sequencing has facilitated large-scale discovery and mapping of genomic variants for high-throughput genotyping. Several research groups working in tree species are presently employing next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms for marker discovery, since it is a cost effective and time saving strategy. However, most trees lack a chromosome level genome map and validation of variants for downstream application becomes obligatory. The cost associated with identifying potential variants from the enormous amount of sequence data is a major limitation. In the present study, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was optimized for rapid validation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions or deletions (InDels) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) predicted from exome sequencing of parents and hybrids of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. ? Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden generated from controlled hybridization. The cost per data point was less than 0.5 USD, providing great flexibility in terms of cost and sensitivity, when compared to other validation methods. The sensitivity of this technology in variant detection can be extended to other applications including Bar-HRM for species authentication and TILLING for detection of mutants.

A cost effective approach to stormwater management? source control and distributed storage

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. G. Andoh ◽  
C. Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Cost

Rapid urbanisation and its consequent increase in impermeable surface areas and changes in land use has generally resulted in problems of flooding and heavy pollution of urban streams and other receiving waters. This has often been coupled with ground water depletion and a threat to water resources. The first part of this paper presents an alternative drainage philosophy and strategy which mimics nature's way by slowing down (attenuating) the movement of urban runoff. This approach results in cost-effective, affordable and sustainable drainage schemes. The alternative strategy can be described as one of prevention rather than cure by effecting controls closer to source rather than the traditional approach which results in the transfer of problems downstream, resulting in its cumulation and the need for large scale, centralised control. The second part describes a research project which has been launched in order to quantify the cost and operational benefits of source control and distributed storage. Details of the methodology of the modelling and simulation processes which are being followed to achieve this target are presented.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Improvement of Large District Heating Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Volkova ◽  
Vladislav Mashatin ◽  
Aleksander Hlebnikov ◽  
Andres Siirde
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Heating Networks

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to offer a methodology for the evaluation of large district heating networks. The methodology includes an analysis of heat generation and distribution based on the models created in the TERMIS and EnergyPro software Data from the large-scale Tallinn district heating system was used for the approbation of the proposed methodology as a basis of the case study. The effective operation of the district heating system, both at the stage of heat generation and heat distribution, can reduce the cost of heat supplied to the consumers. It can become an important factor for increasing the number of district heating consumers and demand for the heat load, which in turn will allow installing new cogeneration plants, using renewable energy sources and heat pump technologies

scholarly journals Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Liquid Storage Tanks Isolated by Sliding-Based Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Tsipianitis ◽  
Yiannis Tsompanakis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Near Fault Earthquakes ◽  
Friction Pendulum ◽  
The Cost

Liquid-filled tanks are effective storage infrastructure for water, oil, and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Many such large-scale tanks are located in regions with high seismicity. Therefore, very frequently base isolation technology has to be adopted to reduce the dynamic distress of storage tanks, preventing the structure from typical modes of failure, such as elephant-foot buckling, diamond-shaped buckling, and roof damage caused by liquid sloshing. The cost-effective seismic design of base-isolated liquid storage tanks can be achieved by adopting performance-based design (PBD) principles. In this work, the focus is given on sliding-based systems, namely, single friction pendulum bearings (SFPBs), triple friction pendulum bearings (TFPBs), and mainly on the recently developed quintuple friction pendulum bearings (QFPBs). More specifically, the study is focused on the fragility analysis of tanks isolated by sliding-bearings, emphasizing on isolators’ displacements due to near-fault earthquakes. In addition, a surrogate model has been developed for simulating the dynamic response of the superstructure (tank and liquid content) to achieve an optimal balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.

scholarly journals How Energy Retrofit Maintenance Affects Residential Buildings Market Value?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Mecca ◽  
Giuseppe Moglia ◽  
Paolo Piantanida ◽  
Francesco Prizzon ◽  
Manuela Rebaudengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Energy Retrofit ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Italian Legislation

By now, it is clear the built environment could play an important role in fighting climate change, since it accounts for around 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions. Generally speaking, Italian residential stock is over 50 years old and around 16% of that needs large interventions due to its poor maintenance condition. So, the maintenance in this context can play a pivotal role in acheiving both energy efficiency and asset valorization. Introduced by a reference framework for the question in the title, this paper presents the case study: a portion of a working-class neighborhoods near the metropolitan city of Turin, marked by very recurrent typologies for the period (early seventies). The local real estate market is discussed to investigate the extraordinary maintenance impact on the property values: the paper considers the market value increase due to the energy class upgrade and the external look improvement. Individual owners putting money on this group of works get a very cost-effective investment and take advantage of Italian legislation supporting these kinds of interventions: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts and in turn greater than the cost assumed for the renovation work.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Benefits from Municipal Solid Waste Recycling in the Murmansk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10927
Author(s):  
Anton Orlov ◽  
Elena Klyuchnikova ◽  
Anna Korppoo
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Murmansk Region

Most municipal solid waste (MSW) in Russia is disposed of in landfills, and only a relatively small fraction is recycled. The landfilling of waste leads to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and air and groundwater pollution. However, recently, there have been some initiatives to improve waste management in the country. We assessed the economic and environmental benefits of waste recycling in the Murmansk region, in which a new waste recycling plant has been operating since 2019. We found that MSW recycling in the Murmansk region has induced a small, positive, job creation effect and could potentially lead to a non-negligible reduction in GHG emissions. Extrapolating the results from this case study to the country level, we found that recycling landfilled MSW in Russia could save approximately 154 million tons of GHG emissions in carbon dioxide equivalents annually, which is comparable to the total CO2 emissions from Algeria. The positive environmental and health-related impacts from the extensive implementation of MSW recycling in the country could be substantial. From this case study, we also learned that one of the biggest challenges for the waste recycling company in the Murmansk region is finding profitable markets for recycled materials. Moreover, due to the high investment and operational costs, recycling MSW led to a substantial increase in communal fees. However, there is potential to make waste recycling more cost effective. Most MSW in the Murmansk region is still separated at the recycling plant, while separating waste at the source could substantially reduce operational costs. Other challenges in the large-scale implementation of MSW recycling in Russia, such as a lack of investments and the population’s willingness to recycle waste, are also discussed.

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