The status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): populations and habitats

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2267-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Nursery Habitats ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management And Conservation

The important decline of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) across its range during the past three decades, despite numerous management and conservation programmes, is an alarming index of the vulnerability of this species. The following series of papers was produced to summarize current knowledge on specific interactions between biotic and abiotic variables that may contribute to determine the survival of Atlantic salmon. Evaluation of the challenges encountered in spawning grounds (siltation, oxygenation), nursery habitats (substrate, trophic interactions), overwintering habitats (flow conditions, winter feeding opportunities), and coastal and oceanic environments (water temperature, predators, parasites) suggest that all habitats required by Atlantic salmon and all processes that occur in each habitat represent a critical link that allows this species to persist. Management practices employed during artificial fish selection, incubation, and stocking also affect the success of restoration efforts. Because limiting factors may change in time and because our ability to intervene in specific habitats may be minimal, the only strategy within our reach may be to continue gathering information about processes that determine the fragility of Atlantic salmon and, in the light of our findings, to implement scientifically sound actions where and when possible.

Competition among juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): relevance to invasion potential in British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Volpe ◽  
Bradley R Anholt ◽  
Barry W Glickman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are routinely captured in both freshwater and marine environments of coastal British Columbia (Canada). Recent evidence suggests that this species is now naturally reproducing in Vancouver Island rivers. Our objective was to quantify the performance of each species in intra- and inter-specific competition by assessing the competitive ability of Atlantic salmon sympatric with native niche equivalent steelhead – rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Significant behavioural differences, particularly with respect to agonism, were observed between species; however, the status of an individual as resident or challenger was the best predictor of performance. Resident fish always outperformed challengers, regardless of species. Thus, we suggest that Atlantic salmon may be capable of colonizing and persisting in coastal British Columbia river systems that are underutilized by native species, such as the steelhead.

Discordant phenotypic variation in sympatric resident and anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2846-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Claytor ◽  
E. Verspoor
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Genetic Contributions ◽  
Two Populations

Sympatric but electrophoretically distinguishable resident and anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from Little Gull Lake, Newfoundland, were compared for meristic and morphometric variation. No morphometric differentiation was detected. As the two populations have similar juvenile rearing habitats, this result is consistent with the hypothesis that local water-flow conditions are important in determining morphometry. Meristic divergence is as great as that between regional North American stocks, and the Little Gull Lake resident population is significantly different from all other Newfoundland–Labrador populations. With our data we cannot separate environmental from genetic contributions to the mersitic divergences because spatially separate spawning locations coincide with temperature differences. Our results suggest that meristic, morphometric, and electrophoretic variation are likely to be congruent only by coincidence among Atlantic salmon populations and that these characteristics likely evolve independently.

Selection of Microhabitat in Summer by Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Morantz ◽  
R. K. Sweeney ◽  
C. S. Shirvell ◽  
D. A. Longard
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

This study was designed to define the microhabitats selected in summer by juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Curves were developed describing the preference of 880 young salmon for water velocity at the fish's position (nose velocity), mean water column velocity, total water depth, and stream substrate size. Study sites were chosen in six morphologically diverse streams in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick during 1982–84. Of the four variables measured, only nose velocity chosen by both fry and parr was not significantly different among years or rivers. Atlantic salmon fry (< 65 mm) most frequently selected nose velocities between 5 and 15 cm∙s−1, small parr (65–100 mm) between 5 and 25 cm∙s−1 and large parr (> 100 mm) between 5 and 35 cm∙s−1. Apparently, juvenile salmon utilized water depths and stream substrates which varied within tolerable limits according to their availability in conjunction with preferred water velocities. Significant differences in the body shape and size of the pectoral fin of Atlantic salmon parr in different rivers did not influence the selection of nose velocities within the range of flow conditions sampled.

scholarly journals Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1538-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Chaput
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Chaput, G. 2012. Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortality. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1538–1548. Since the early 1980s, the ICES Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon has collated and interpreted catch data, exchanged information on research initiatives, and provided advice to managers in support of conservation efforts for Atlantic salmon. During the past three decades, the annual production of anadromous Atlantic salmon from more than 2000 rivers draining into the North Atlantic has been less than 10 million adult-sized salmon. This represents a minor component, by number and biomass, of the pelagic ecosystem in the North Atlantic Ocean. Ideally, Atlantic salmon would be assessed and managed based on river-specific stock units, the scale that best corresponds to the spawner to recruitment dynamic. In reality, comparatively few river-specific assessments are available for either the Northwest or the Northeast Atlantic. The marine survival of Atlantic salmon is low and, based on return rates of smolts to adults from monitored rivers, has declined since the mid- to late 1980s. Abundance has declined more severely for the multi-sea-winter components, and especially in the southern areas of the species' range. Common patterns in abundance, inferred at the level of stock complex in the North Atlantic, suggest that broad-scale factors are affecting productivity and abundance and that they are acting throughout the salmon's time at sea.

Studies of limiting factors governing the waterflow requirement for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in landbased seawater systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinung Fivelstad ◽  
Asbjørn Bergheim ◽  
Torbjørn Tyvold
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Persistence of Orally Administered Salmonella enterica Serovars Agona and Montevideo in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. NESSE ◽  
T. LØVOLD ◽  
B. BERGSJØ ◽  
K. NORDBY ◽  
C. WALLACE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Gastric Intubation

The objective of our experiments was to study the persistence and dissemination of orally administered Salmonella in smoltified Atlantic salmon. In experiment 1, salmon kept at 15°C were fed for 1 week with feed contaminated with 96 most-probable-number units of Salmonella Agona per 100 g of feed and then starved for 2 weeks. Samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract and examined for Salmonella 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 days after the feeding ended. In experiment 2, Salmonella Agona and Montevideo were separately mixed with feed and administered by gastric intubation. Each fish received 1.0 × 108, 1.0 × 106, or 1.0 × 104 CFU. The different groups were kept in parallel at 5 and 15°C and observed for 4 weeks. Every week, three fish in each group were sacrificed, and samples were taken from the skin, the pooled internal organs, the muscle, and the gastrointestinal tract and examined for the presence of Salmonella. The results from the two experiments showed that the persistence of Salmonella in the fish was highly dependent on the dose administered. Salmonella was not recovered from any of the fish that were fed for 1 week with the lowest concentration of Salmonella. In the fish given the highest dose of Salmonella, bacteria persisted for at least 4 weeks in the gastrointestinal tract as well as, to some extent, the internal organs. The present study shows that under practical conditions in Norway, the risk of Salmonella in fish feed being passed on to the consumer of the fish is negligible.

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