Species identity and aqueous calcium concentrations as determinants of calcium concentrations of freshwater crustacean zooplankton

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Jeziorski ◽  
Norman D Yan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Positive Correlations

Calcium (Ca) is a major component of the crustacean zooplankton carapace. As crustacean zooplankton obtain most of their Ca from lake water, taxa with high Ca demands may be negatively affected if environmental Ca concentrations fall below thresholds necessary for adequate Ca uptake rates. Currently, Ca concentrations are falling in many soft-water lakes with a history of acid deposition, both within Canada and globally. Hence, there is a need to identify species with high Ca demands. We analyzed Ca concentrations of eight crustacean zooplankton taxa from nine lakes spanning a 0.4–35 mg·L–1 Ca gradient. Our objectives were to determine (i) if both species identity and lake Ca concentrations are determinants of zooplankton Ca concentration and (ii) if zooplankton Ca concentration varies seasonally. Large differences in Ca concentrations were observed among taxa. Levels in Daphnia sp. ranged from 2% to 8% of dry body weight, whereas levels in copepods and non-daphniid cladocera were much lower at 0.2%–0.4%. Seasonal variation in zooplankton Ca concentration was negligible, but positive correlations with lake Ca concentration were detected, with up to twofold differences in Ca concentration between lakes in three of the eight species. Species identity was the most important determinant of crustacean zooplankton Ca concentration.

scholarly journals Fecundity, body size and population dynamics of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIS. Riback ◽  
WAC. Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Temporal Trajectory ◽  
Tibia Length ◽  
Relative Constant

In this study, the seasonal variation of fecundity, wing and tibia length were investigated in natural populations of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) in an attempt to determine the changes in life history of the species as a function of seasonality. A relative constant temporal trajectory was found for fecundity, wing and tibia length over twenty-four months. Positive correlations between fecundity and wing size, fecundity and tibia size and wing and tibia sizes were observed. The implications of these results for population dynamics of C. albiceps are discussed.

Biomass of Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton from Length–Weight Regressions

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1380-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Culver ◽  
Mary M. Boucherle ◽  
David J. Bean ◽  
James W. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Males And Females

We present equations for calculating dry weight from body length for 14 common and widely distributed taxa of crustacean zooplankters; these were generated by regression from weights of individuals chosen from the range of lengths observed for each taxon, usually three replicate weights at each of five lengths. We include regressions for ovigerous and nonovigerous cladocerans, plus nauplii, early copepodites, and adult males and females for the copepods (30 length–weight relationships) and individual weights for given stages of copepods. We calculated the seasonal variation in crustacean biomass for a station in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, and for each of the three basins of Lake Erie. Biomass was dominated by Cladocera for both lakes, with Copepoda predominant in the spring. Mean individual dry weights varied seasonally for all taxa, confirming previous findings.

Long Term Monitoring of the Macrobenthos of the Upper Clyde Estuary

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Faunal Density ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

The sublittoral macrobenthic invertebrate populations of the Upper Clyde Estuary are described. The estuary has a long history of organic pollution. The long term changes in species composition, faunal density and dominance patterns between 1974 and 1980 are presented. The fauna is dominated by brackish, pollution tolerant oligochaetes and polychaetes. Fluctuations in populations can be related to both seasonal variation in environmental conditions and long term improvements in water quality through a reduction in pollution loading to the estuary.

Insulin Dosage Adjustments After Initiation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002199362
Author(s):  
Mandy Chen ◽  
Etty Vider ◽  
Roda Plakogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Insulin Dosage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bolus Insulin

Background: Combination of insulin and GLP-1RAs have shown reductions in the HbA1c, body weight, and the risk of hypoglycemia. To date, there are conflicting data regarding the effect of GLP-1RAs on insulin dosage(s). Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate adjustments of insulin doses upon initiation of GLP-1RAs. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients on insulin therapy initiated on GLP-1RAs at NYU Langone Health. Patients were included in the study if they were at least 18 years of age, history of type 2 diabetes, and were on concurrent basal or mixed insulin therapy. 45 patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the study analysis. The primary endpoint was the median change in overall basal insulin doses. Secondary endpoints included median changes in total basal, mixed, and bolus insulin doses, oral antidiabetic medications and GLP-1RA doses, HbA1c, body weight, fasting glucose, and creatinine clearance. Safety results included any adverse reactions to insulin and/or GLP-1RA. Results: In the per-protocol analysis, there was a significant reduction in overall total basal insulin doses from baseline to week 24 (50 units vs. 44 units, p < 0.05). There was a median reduction in patients receiving glargine (50 units vs. 44 units) and detemir (29 units vs. 21.5 units). Conclusions: Use of GLP-1RAs after 24 weeks resulted in a statistically significant reduction in overall total basal insulin dosages from baseline. The median HbA1C in our patient population was >8%. Consider a ≥10% reduction in the overall basal insulin dose upon initiation of GLP-1RA in patients with a HbA1C >8%.

scholarly journals Effect of tree species identity and related habitat parameters on understorey bryophytes – interrelationships between bryophyte, soil and tree factors in a 50-year-old experimental forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Rola ◽  
Vítězslav Plášek ◽  
Katarzyna Rożek ◽  
Szymon Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Habitat Parameters

Abstract Aim Overstorey tree species influence both soil properties and microclimate conditions in the forest floor, which in turn can induce changes in ground bryophyte communities. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of tree species identity and the most important habitat factors influencing understorey bryophytes. Methods We assessed the effect of 14 tree species and related habitat parameters, including soil parameters, vascular plant presence and light intensity on bryophytes in monospecific plots covered by nearly fifty-year-old trees in the Siemianice Experimental Forest (Poland). Results The canopy tree species determined bryophyte species richness and cover. The strongest differences were observed between plots with deciduous and coniferous trees. Soils with a more acidic pH and lower content of macronutrients supported larger bryophyte coverage. We also found a positive correlations between vascular plants and availability of light as well as bryophyte species richness. Conclusion Tree species identity and differences in habitat conditions in the forest floor lead to changes of ground bryophyte richness, cover and species composition. Consequently, the changes in the dominant tree species in the stand may result in significant repercussions on ground bryophyte communities. We indicated that the introduction of alien tree species, i.e. Quercus rubra, has an adverse effect on bryophyte communities and suggested that the selection of tree species that contribute to the community consistent with the potential natural vegetation is highly beneficial for maintaining ground bryophyte biodiversity.

Abstract P178: Dairy Consumption and Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rautiainen ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
I-Min Lee ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
Julie E Buring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
History Of

Background: Dairy products have been positively associated with weight loss and inversely associated with weight gain. However, limited number of studies has investigated the role of dairy consumption in the prevention of becoming overweight or obese. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how consumption of dairy products was associated with the risk of becoming overweight or obese among initially normal-weight women. Methods: We studied 19,180 women aged ≥45y from the Women’s Health Study free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m 2 . Dairy intake was assessed through a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was defined as the sum of servings per day of low-fat dairy products (skim/low-fat milk, sherbet, yogurt, and cottage/ricotta cheese) and high-fat dairy products (whole milk, cream, sour cream, ice cream, cream cheese, other cheese, and butter). Women self-reported body weight along with obesity-related risk factors on baseline and annual follow-up questionnaires. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, we included the following covariates: baseline age, randomization treatment, BMI, smoking status, vigorous exercise, postmenopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, history of hypercholesterolemia, history of hypertension, multivitamin use, alcohol intake, total energy intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. Results: During a mean follow-up of 11.2y (216,979 person-years), 8,582 women became overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ). The multivariable-adjusted mean changes in body weight (95% confidence interval (CI)) during the follow-up were 3.9 (3.5-4.3), 3.9 (3.5-4.2), 3.8 (3.5-4.2), 3.7 (3.4-4.1), and 3.4 (3.0-3.7) lbs in quintiles 1-5 of total dairy consumption (P-trend: 0.01), respectively. In multivariable-adjusted analyses (Table 1) , women in the highest versus lowest quintile of had a rate ratio (RR) of 0.91 (0.84-0.98, P-trend: 0.16) of becoming overweight or obese. No associations were observed in highest quintiles of low-fat dairy and high-fat dairy intakes. Conclusion: Greater consumption of dairy products may be inversely ssociated with risk of becoming overweight or obese in women.

A systematic review of principal time use research

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
Craig Hochbein ◽  
Abby Mahone ◽  
Sara Vanderbeck
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Principal Preparation Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Correlations

PurposeTo advance the study of principal time use (PTU), the purpose of this study is to report findings from a systematic review of PTU research. In addition to identifying common findings, this study also examined the supporting evidence and methodologies of PTU studies. From this dual approach, this study specified the evidence that supports claims about PTU, as well as identified areas requiring future examination.Design/methodology/approachA systematic reference review process considered 5,746 potential PTU manuscripts. The inclusion criteria identified 55 studies published between 1920 and 2015. This review synthesized data pertaining to the methodologies and findings of PTU research.FindingsFindings from studies conducted across decades indicated that principals worked extensive hours. Moreover, the workdays of principals consisted of brief and unrelated activities, most often focused on noninstructional tasks. Contrary to common hypotheses, studies indicated that PTU dedicated to administrative tasks exhibited positive correlations with educational outcomes. However, claims about PTU have been derived from samples overrepresented by large urban school districts and limited periods of observation.Practical implicationsFuture studies should implement diversified sampling strategies and extended observation periods. For principal preparation programs, the results indicated an opportunity for increased instruction on time management skills.Originality/valueThis systematic review identifies the overlooked history of the research and specifies the evidence that supports common claims about PTU, which provides empirically derived guidance for future PTU studies.

Community Care in Camberwell

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sturt
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Services ◽  
History Of

SummaryA census was taken of all patients in psychiatric hostels and homes, psychiatric day care, and short-term in-patient care who also had at least one year's history of contact with services. During the following two years, 61% of the patients stayed continuously in day or residential care, while 17% were discharged from care within the first year and made no further use of day or residential services. Two main patterns of contact were evident–repeated short-term in-patient care or longer-term care in services outside hospital. Their most important determinant was whether a viable marriage still existed for the patient.

scholarly journals Changes in the thyroid gland during the reproductive cycle of the male vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRISHNA ◽  
K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Concentration

The aim of present study was to compare the changes in thyroid gland with the reproductive cycle of S. heathi. Thyroid showed marked seasonal variation in weight, quantity of colloid and follicular epithelial height, suggesting the thyroid gland to be inactive during quiescence and winter dormancy and active during the time of recrudescence and breeding similarly to the testicular cycle. Plasma thyroxin (T4) concentration showed a significant seasonal change with high concentration during breeding and post-breeding and low concentration during quiescence. However, the T4 concentration increased from breeding to post-breeding phase, when the testes weight was declining. It is suggested that in S. heathi the positive correlation between thyroid and testicular cycles occurs only during the phases of the reproductive cycle when the body weight and testicular activity are also closely correlated.

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