Effect of water temperature, timing, physiological condition, and lake thermal refugia on migrating adult Weaver Creek sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Todd Mathes ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Glenn T. Crossin ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Thermal Refugia ◽  
River Fish

We coupled physiological biopsy and positional telemetry to examine survival to reach spawning grounds in relation to water temperature, timing, physiological condition, and holding location (river or lake) in adult migrating sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ). We tracked 83 fish across a large temperature range (13.5–21.5 °C), which included record highs. Only early-timed migrants that held in Harrison Lake survived to reach spawning grounds (16%, or n = 4). Normal-timed fish, those that migrated at historically observed times, survived at higher levels if they held in Harrison River (72%, or n = 18). Mortalities were identified on the bottoms of both the lake and river. Hypothetical degree-day (DD) accumulation revealed that early-timed river fish would have greatly surpassed (~800 °C DD) a critical disease threshold value (~500 °C DD). There was no difference in hypothetical DD accumulation between normal-timed river fish and early-timed lake fish. Early-timed sockeye had elevated physiological stress (e.g., plasma lactate, glucose, and hematocrit), which may have contributed to high levels of mortality. By using lakes as thermal refugia, early-timed fish likely reduce rates of disease development and may better recover from physiological stress associated with high encountered temperatures.

High river temperature reduces survival of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) approaching spawning grounds and exacerbates female mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo G. Martins ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
Merran J. Hague ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
River Section ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
River Temperature ◽  
Related Mortality

Recent studies have shown that warm temperatures reduce survival of adult migrating sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ), but knowledge gaps exist on where high-temperature-related mortality occurs along the migration and whether females and males are differentially impacted by river temperature. In this study, we monitored 437 radio-tagged Fraser River sockeye salmon and used capture–mark–recapture modelling approaches to investigate whether river thermal conditions differentially influence (i) spatial patterns of survival along a 413-km stretch of migration and (ii) survival of the sexes. Regardless of water temperature, survival decreased in the river section containing the most hydraulically difficult passages of the migration. However, when water temperature was warm (19 °C), survival decreased even further in the final 186 km of the migration prior to reaching the spawning grounds, particularly in females. Female and male survival differed but only when they experienced warm river temperatures. Under such conditions, the overall freshwater migration survival of males was 1.6 times higher (0.79 ± 0.09 standard error, SE) than that of females (0.50 ± 0.11 SE). As maturing female sockeye salmon maintain higher levels of plasma cortisol compared with males, we suspect that females could be immuno-compromised and thus less resistant to pathogens whose rates of development are accelerated by warm temperatures.

Effect of simulated catch-and-release angling on postrelease mortality and egg viability in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2390-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Smukall ◽  
Amy Shaw ◽  
Donald C. Behringer
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Catch And Release

Catch-and-release angling of salmonids is a widely implemented fisheries management strategy intended to provide recreational fishing opportunities while limiting harvest. Previous research has indicated mortality may be low, but the extent of sublethal impacts, including inability to reach spawning grounds or decreased spawning effectiveness, is relatively under-studied. Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were subjected to simulated catch-and-release events, with a subset also enduring air exposure, to determine how physiological stress influences the ability of sockeye salmon to reach spawning grounds and the viability of eggs produced. Short-term postrelease mortality was highest for fish that were subjected to air exposure, but once recovered, neither simulated catch-and-release nor air exposure had a major impact on their ability to reach spawning grounds. Egg viability was similar between treatment groups, indicating physiological stress associated with the trials did not have a negative impact on reproduction. These results suggest that handling, especially air exposure, is the primary concern and substantially impacts the short-term postrelease mortality of sockeye salmon, which has important implications for management.

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration: XI. The Free Histidine Content of the Tissues

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Biochemical Studies

During the first 250 miles (400 km) of spawning migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) the free histidine content of the muscle, alimentary tract, and head+skin+bones+tail decreased to a small fraction of the initial value. A further decrease occurred in the levels of this amino acid in the alimentary tract during the subsequent 415-mile (657-km) migration to the spawning grounds, no change being observed with the other tissues. Comparatively small changes in free histidine were found with heart, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads during migration.

Sex-specific differences in cardiac control and hematology of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) approaching their spawning grounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. R1136-R1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Sandblom ◽  
Timothy D. Clark ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Anthony P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Cardiac Control ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Some male salmonids (e.g., rainbow trout) display profound cardiovascular adjustments during sexual maturation, including cardiac growth and hypertension, and tachycardia has been observed in free-ranging male salmonids near their spawning grounds. In the present study, we investigated cardiac control, dorsal aortic blood pressure, cardiac morphometrics, and hematological variables in wild, sexually maturing sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka) with a particular aim to decipher any sex-specific differences. Routine heart rate ( fH) was significantly higher in females (52 vs. 43 beats/min), which was due to significantly lower cholinergic tone (28 vs. 46%), because there were no differences in adrenergic tone or intrinsic heart rate between sexes. No differences in blood pressure were observed despite males possessing an 11% greater relative ventricular mass. Concomitant with higher routine heart rates, female sockeye had significantly higher levels of cortisol, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol, whereas the level of 11-ketotestosterone was higher in males. There were no differences in hematocrit or hemoglobin concentration between the sexes. The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable in research fields such as conservation biology and when modeling the consequences of local and global climate change. Indeed, this study helps to provide a mechanistic basis for the significantly higher rates of female mortality observed in previous studies of wild-caught sockeye salmon.

The effects of experimental energy depletion on the physiological condition and survival of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during spawning migration

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Nadeau ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Kimberly A. Hruska ◽  
Lucas B. Pon ◽  
David A. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Energy Depletion ◽  
Experimental Energy

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration. V. Cholesterol, Fat, Protein and Water in the Body of the Standard Fish

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
I. Bitners
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The absolute changes in fat, protein, water and free and esterified cholesterol for the entire body of standard male and female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during the Fraser River spawning migration are discussed.The data were obtained for twelve groups of males and twelve groups of females, totalling 216 fish. The fish were caught at three locations: before entering the river, 250 miles up the river, and at one of the spawning grounds 715 miles from the first sampling station.

Control of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Disease by Elevating the Water Temperature

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Amend
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis

Studies were performed to determine if increasing water temperatures could control infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHN) disease in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Mortalities could be prevented if the water temperature was raised to at least 18 C within the first 24 hr after infection of the fish and if the fish were maintained at this temperature for 4–6 days. The disease did not recur after the elevated temperature treatment, but the fish would still contract the disease if they were reinfected. Reasons for the protecting action are discussed.

scholarly journals Migration and survival of Okanagan River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, 2012–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Murauskas ◽  
Kim Hyatt ◽  
Jeff Fryer ◽  
Elliot Koontz ◽  
Skyeler Folks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Background Okanagan River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Okanagan Sockeye) are one of two remaining self-sustaining Sockeye Salmon populations in the Columbia River Basin. We used detection histories of smolts implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags between 2012 and 2019 to estimate survival and behavioral metrics during reintroduction efforts and changing environmental conditions over the monitoring period. Results Smolts migrating to McNary Dam, whose route includes 130 km of the Okanagan River and 388 km of the Columbia River, generally had high survival (mean of 87.0% per 100 km) and fast migration speeds (up to 50 km/day) relative to other salmonids in the region. Smolt-to-adult returns (SARs) ranged from 0.4 to 6.1% and were greater for fish originating from Skaha Lake compared to cohorts tagged in Osoyoos Lake. Most adults returned after 2 years in the ocean (69%), followed by jacks (27%), and adults that spent 3 years at sea (4%), though Skaha Lake adults had a significantly younger age structure than cohorts from Osoyoos Lake. Survival of adults from Bonneville Dam (rkm 235) upstream to Wells Dam (rkm 830) was generally high (80–92%), and migration speed decreased in upstream reaches. Survival from Wells Dam to the Okanagan River was only estimable in 2018, where 64% of adults survived to the spawning grounds. The upstream migration of adult Okanagan Sockeye was significantly compromised during the drought of 2015 when less than 5% of Okanagan Sockeye that returned to the Columbia River reached spawning grounds. Conclusions Our results indicate that Okanagan Sockeye have exceptional survival and migratory ability relative to other salmonids, though poor ocean conditions combined with warming water temperatures in freshwater habitats in recent years have the potential to devastate the population. The success of reintroduction efforts to increase spatial structure and diversity of Okanagan Sockeye is, therefore, critical to maintaining the population in years to come.

Tributary Homing of Sockeye Salmon at Brooks and Karluk Lakes, Alaska

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Hartman ◽  
Robert F. Raleigh
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Spawning Area ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Original Donor

The degree of preference of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) for spawning in specific tributaries to Brooks and Karluk Lakes, Alaska, was studied in 1960 and 1961. Adult sockeye salmon begin to congregate around stream mouths soon after entering these lakes. At Brooks Lake, groups of fish were seined from various stream mouths and marked with distinctive tag color combinations. One group of tagged fish from each seine haul was released back into the original donor congregation as a control, and one or more groups were transported and released into congregations around other tributary mouths. Strength of tributary preference was determined by comparing the number of fish from each group distributed on the various spawning grounds. Eighty-three per cent of the 958 fish tagged were recovered at weirs and on stream and lake surveys. Distribution to spawning areas of sockeye salmon in control and transported groups was virtually identical. The study at Brooks Lake was followed by a study at Karluk Lake to explore further the strength of tributary preference. Very few sockeye salmon experimentally prevented from entering their preferred tributary chose an alternative spawning area. Most continued to attempt to enter their blocked tributary until death. A final study at Karluk Lake confirmed the fact that sockeye salmon entering the lake were predisposed to spawn in a particular tributary and could not be conditioned to enter an alternative tributary. We conclude that sockeye salmon are indeed homing to particular tributaries in these small lakes. The biological and management implications of these findings are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document